Prevalence of self-reported diabetes mellitus in women and associated factors: a population-based study in São Leopoldo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, 2015

Dias-da-Costa, Juvenal Soares; Silocchi, Cassiane; Schwendler, Sheila Cristiane; Morimoto, Tissiani; Mottin, Vitoria Hana Muller; Paniz, Vera Maria Vieira; Bairros, Fernanda Souza de; Olinto, Maria Teresa Anselmo

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Epidemiologia e Serviços de Saúde

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Original article • Epidemiol. Serv. Saúde 29 (2) • 2020 • https://doi.org/10.5123/S1679-4974000300025 copy

Prevalence of self-reported diabetes mellitus in women and associated factors: a population-based study in São Leopoldo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, 2015 ^* * This study received financial support from the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPQ) / Ministry of Science, Technology, Innovation and Communication (MCTIC): Process No. 457235/2014-4 (Call for Proposals MCTI/CNPQ/UNIVERSAL 14/2014).

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

Objective

to analyze the prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus (DM) and associated factors in women aged 20 to 69 years in São Leopoldo, RS, Brazil.

Method

this was a population-based cross-sectional study, the outcome of which was self-reported medical diagnosis of DM. Poisson regression was used.

Results

1,128 women took part, 8.16% (95%CI2.56;13.74) reported DM diagnosis; in the adjusted analysis association was found between the outcome and the 50-59 years age group (PR=15.73 – 95%CI4.84;71.00) and the over 60s (PR=8.95 – 95%CI1.98;40.49), economic classes D/E (PR=2.37 – 95%CI1.17;4.83), obesity (PR=1.41 – 95%CI0.85;2.32), arterial hypertension (PR=2.78 – 95%CI1.73;4.46), common mental disorders (PR=1.47 – 95%CI1.04;2.05), dyslipidemia (PR=2.16 – 95%CI1.45;3.23), regular/poor self-perception of health (PR=2.80 – 95%CI1.20;6.56), and not working (PR=1.98 – 95%CI1.11;3.53).

Conclusion

DM was associated with situations of economic and social vulnerability, such as poverty and being outside the labor market, as well as with the presence of other diseases.

Diabetes Mellitus; Women; Prevalence; Cross-Sectional Studies; Multimorbidity

Variable	n (%)	Prevalence
Age (years)
20-29	216 (19.2)	0.9
30-39	244 (21.6)	2.9
40-49	276 (24.5)	6.2
50-59	228 (20.2)	18.4
60-69	164 (14.5)	14.6
Race/skin color
White	840 (74.5)	7.4
Non-White	288 (25.5)	10.4
Marital status
Single	227 (20.1)	2.6
Married/partner	720 (63.8)	8.5
Separated/divorced/widowed	181 (16.1)	13.8
Schooling (years of study)
≥15	110 (9.8)	2.7
11-14	360 (32.0)	3.6
8-10	199 (17.7)	4.5
5-7	253 (22.4)	11.9
0-4	204 (18.1)	18.1
Employment status
Working	633 (56.1)	4.3
Retired/out of work	148 (13.1)	20.3
Does not work	347 (30.8)	10.1
Per capita family income in minimum wages (MW)
>3.0 MW	129 (11.8)	4.7
1.0-3.0 MW	473 (43.4)	7.4
<1.0 MW	489 (44.8)	9.8
Economic class
A/B	390 (34.8)	4.6
C	596 (53.1)	9.4
D/E	136 (12.1)	13.2
Age at first menstruation (years)
8-11	259 (23.2)	7.0
12-13	510 (45.7)	8.0
≥14	348 (31.1)	9.5
Number of children
None	217 (19.3)	4.2
1-3	761 (67.6)	8.5
≥4	148 (13.1)	12.2
Menopause
No	896 (79.4)	8.5
Yes	232 (20.6)	6.9
Tobacco smoking
Never smoked	661 (58.9)	7.3
Former smoker	253 (22.6)	11.1
Smoker	208 (18.5)	7.2
Excessive alcohol consumption
No	1.087 (97.0)	8.3
Yes	34 (3.0)	2.9
Physical activity during leisure
Yes	162 (14.4)	6.2
No	966 (85.6)	8.5
Nutritional status
Normal weight	380 (33.9)	4.2
Overweight	373 (33.2)	6.2
Obese	369 (32.9)	14.2
Systemic arterial hypertension
No	722 (64.2)	2.9
Yes	403 (35.8)	17.6
Common mental disorders
No	678 (60.1)	6.1
Yes	450 (39.9)	11.3
Dyslipidemia
No	1.028 (91.1)	5.8
Yes	100 (8.9)	32.0
Self-perception of health
Excellent/very good	233 (20.7)	1.7
Good	515 (45.6)	5.8
Regular/poor	380 (33.7)	15.3

Variable	Crude PR^a(95%CI)^b	p-value	Adjusted PR^a(95%CI)^b	p-value
Age (years)		<0.001^c		<0.001^d
20-29	1.00		1.00
30-39	3.10(0.60;16.11)		2.70(0.48;15.18)
40-49	6.66(1.61;27.66)		6.32(1.46;27.37)
50-59	19.89(4.61;85.85)		15.73(4.84;71.00)
60-69	15.80(3.65;68.50)		8.95(1.98;40.49)
Race/skin color		0.151		0.154^d
White	1.00		1.00
Non-White	1.41(0.88;2.27)		1.41(0.88;2.27)
Marital status		0.003		0.052^d
Single	1.00		1.00
Married/partner	3.21(1.17;8.77)		2.06(0.78;5.44)
Separated/divorced/widowed	5.23(1.87;14.59)		1.95(0.73;5.25)
Schooling (years of study)		<0.001^c
≥15	1.00
11-14	1.32(0.42;4.16)
8-10	1.66(0.46;6.02)
5-7	4.35(1.33;14.22)
0-4	6.65(2.18;20.29)
Employment status		<0.001		0.013^d
Working	1.00		1.00
Retired/out of work	4.75(2.62;8.63)		2.55(1.32;4.94)
Does not work	2.36(1.32;4.25)		1.98(1.11;3.53)
Per capita family income in minimum wages (MW)		0.186		0.497^d
>3.0 MW	1.00		1.00
1.0-3.0 MW	1.59(0.64;3.96)		1.21(0.51;2.90)
<1.0 MW	2.11(0.87;5.11)		1.30(0.55;3.07)
Economic class		<0.001^c		0.019^d
A/B	1.00		1.00
C	2.04(1.13;3.67)		1.71(0.95;3.09)
D/E	2.87(1.48;5.55)		2.37(1.17;4.83)
Age at first menstruation (years)		0.462
8-11	1.00
12-13	1.16(0.68;1.98)
≥14	1.36(0.83;2.24)
Number of children		0.044		0.743^e
None	1.00		1.00
1-3	2.06(0.95;4.44)		1.02(0.51;2.06)
≥4	2.93(1.26;6.80)		0.95(0.43;2.10)
Menopause		0.399
No	1.00
Yes	0.81(0.50;1.33)
Tobacco smoking		0.186		0.751^e
Never smoked	1.00		1.00
Former smoker	1.52(0.95;2.45)		1.06(0.66;1.72)
Smoker	0.99(0.50;1.99)		0.84(0.45;1.55)
Excessive alcohol consumption		0.277
No	1.00
Yes	0.36(0.05;2.36)
Physical activity during leisure		0.356
Yes	1.00
No	1.38(0.69;2.74)
Nutritional status		<0.001		0.048^e
Normal weight	1.00		1.00
Overweight	1.46(0.86;2.48)		0.81(0.47;1.39)
Obese	3.35(2.07;5.40)		1.41(0.85;2.32)
Systemic arterial hypertension		<0.001		<0.001^e
No	1.00		1.00
Yes	6.05(3.97;9.25)		2.78(1.73;4.46)
Common mental disorders		<0.001		<0.001^e
No	1.00		1.00
Yes	1.87(1.33;2.64)		1.47(1.04;2.05)
Dyslipidemia		<0.001		<0.001^e
No	1.00		1.00
Yes	5.48(3.86;7.80)		2.16(1.45;3.23)
Self-perception of health		<0.001		0.002^f
Excellent/very good	1.00		1.00
Good	3.40(1.17;9.83)		1.95(0.71;5.38)
Regular/poor	8.90(3.52;22.44)		2.80(1.20;6.56)

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[1] Correspondence: Juvenal Soares Dias-da-Costa – Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos (Unisinos), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Coletiva, Av. Unisinos, no. 950, São Leopoldo, RS, Brazil. Postcode: 93022-000 E-mail: episoares@terra.com.br