Prevalence of self-reported diabetes mellitus in women and associated factors: a population-based study in São Leopoldo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, 2015

Dias-da-Costa, Juvenal Soares; Silocchi, Cassiane; Schwendler, Sheila Cristiane; Morimoto, Tissiani; Mottin, Vitoria Hana Muller; Paniz, Vera Maria Vieira; Bairros, Fernanda Souza de; Olinto, Maria Teresa Anselmo

doi:10.5123/S1679-4974000300025

person Juvenal Soares Dias-da-Costa

schoolUniversidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Coletiva, São Leopoldo, RS, Brazil

0000-0003-3160-6075

person Cassiane Silocchi

schoolUniversidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Coletiva, São Leopoldo, RS, Brazil

0000-0002-8538-9849

person Sheila Cristiane Schwendler

schoolUniversidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Coletiva, São Leopoldo, RS, Brazil

0000-0001-7483-0400

person Tissiani Morimoto

schoolUniversidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Coletiva, São Leopoldo, RS, Brazil

0000-0001-5722-2163

person Vitoria Hana Muller Mottin

schoolUniversidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Coletiva, São Leopoldo, RS, Brazil

0000-0002-0428-6128

person Vera Maria Vieira Paniz

schoolUniversidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Coletiva, São Leopoldo, RS, Brazil

0000-0003-3186-9991

person Fernanda Souza de Bairros

schoolUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Departamento de Saúde Coletiva, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil

0000-0002-8611-058X

person Maria Teresa Anselmo Olinto

schoolUniversidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Coletiva, São Leopoldo, RS, Brazil

0000-0002-3950-4594

Correspondence: Juvenal Soares Dias-da-Costa – Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos (Unisinos), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Coletiva, Av. Unisinos, no. 950, São Leopoldo, RS, Brazil. Postcode: 93022-000 E-mail: episoares@terra.com.br

Authors’ contributions

Dias-da-Costa JS, Silocchi CS, Schwendler SC, Morimoto T, Mottin VHM, Paniz VMV, Bairros FS and Olinto MTA contributed to the conception of the study, review of the analysis, critical review and final approval of the manuscript. Dias-da-Costa JS, Silocchi CS, Schwendler SC, Morimoto T, Mottin VHM contributed to data analysis and interpretation, as well as writing the draft versions of the manuscripts. All the authors have approved the final version and are responsible for all aspects of this work, including guaranteeing its accuracy and integrity.

Variable	n (%)	Prevalence
Age (years)
20-29	216 (19.2)	0.9
30-39	244 (21.6)	2.9
40-49	276 (24.5)	6.2
50-59	228 (20.2)	18.4
60-69	164 (14.5)	14.6
Race/skin color
White	840 (74.5)	7.4
Non-White	288 (25.5)	10.4
Marital status
Single	227 (20.1)	2.6
Married/partner	720 (63.8)	8.5
Separated/divorced/widowed	181 (16.1)	13.8
Schooling (years of study)
≥15	110 (9.8)	2.7
11-14	360 (32.0)	3.6
8-10	199 (17.7)	4.5
5-7	253 (22.4)	11.9
0-4	204 (18.1)	18.1
Employment status
Working	633 (56.1)	4.3
Retired/out of work	148 (13.1)	20.3
Does not work	347 (30.8)	10.1
Per capita family income in minimum wages (MW)
>3.0 MW	129 (11.8)	4.7
1.0-3.0 MW	473 (43.4)	7.4
<1.0 MW	489 (44.8)	9.8
Economic class
A/B	390 (34.8)	4.6
C	596 (53.1)	9.4
D/E	136 (12.1)	13.2
Age at first menstruation (years)
8-11	259 (23.2)	7.0
12-13	510 (45.7)	8.0
≥14	348 (31.1)	9.5
Number of children
None	217 (19.3)	4.2
1-3	761 (67.6)	8.5
≥4	148 (13.1)	12.2
Menopause
No	896 (79.4)	8.5
Yes	232 (20.6)	6.9
Tobacco smoking
Never smoked	661 (58.9)	7.3
Former smoker	253 (22.6)	11.1
Smoker	208 (18.5)	7.2
Excessive alcohol consumption
No	1.087 (97.0)	8.3
Yes	34 (3.0)	2.9
Physical activity during leisure
Yes	162 (14.4)	6.2
No	966 (85.6)	8.5
Nutritional status
Normal weight	380 (33.9)	4.2
Overweight	373 (33.2)	6.2
Obese	369 (32.9)	14.2
Systemic arterial hypertension
No	722 (64.2)	2.9
Yes	403 (35.8)	17.6
Common mental disorders
No	678 (60.1)	6.1
Yes	450 (39.9)	11.3
Dyslipidemia
No	1.028 (91.1)	5.8
Yes	100 (8.9)	32.0
Self-perception of health
Excellent/very good	233 (20.7)	1.7
Good	515 (45.6)	5.8
Regular/poor	380 (33.7)	15.3

Variable	Crude PR^a(95%CI)^b	p-value	Adjusted PR^a(95%CI)^b	p-value
Age (years)		<0.001^c		<0.001^d
20-29	1.00		1.00
30-39	3.10(0.60;16.11)		2.70(0.48;15.18)
40-49	6.66(1.61;27.66)		6.32(1.46;27.37)
50-59	19.89(4.61;85.85)		15.73(4.84;71.00)
60-69	15.80(3.65;68.50)		8.95(1.98;40.49)
Race/skin color		0.151		0.154^d
White	1.00		1.00
Non-White	1.41(0.88;2.27)		1.41(0.88;2.27)
Marital status		0.003		0.052^d
Single	1.00		1.00
Married/partner	3.21(1.17;8.77)		2.06(0.78;5.44)
Separated/divorced/widowed	5.23(1.87;14.59)		1.95(0.73;5.25)
Schooling (years of study)		<0.001^c
≥15	1.00
11-14	1.32(0.42;4.16)
8-10	1.66(0.46;6.02)
5-7	4.35(1.33;14.22)
0-4	6.65(2.18;20.29)
Employment status		<0.001		0.013^d
Working	1.00		1.00
Retired/out of work	4.75(2.62;8.63)		2.55(1.32;4.94)
Does not work	2.36(1.32;4.25)		1.98(1.11;3.53)
Per capita family income in minimum wages (MW)		0.186		0.497^d
>3.0 MW	1.00		1.00
1.0-3.0 MW	1.59(0.64;3.96)		1.21(0.51;2.90)
<1.0 MW	2.11(0.87;5.11)		1.30(0.55;3.07)
Economic class		<0.001^c		0.019^d
A/B	1.00		1.00
C	2.04(1.13;3.67)		1.71(0.95;3.09)
D/E	2.87(1.48;5.55)		2.37(1.17;4.83)
Age at first menstruation (years)		0.462
8-11	1.00
12-13	1.16(0.68;1.98)
≥14	1.36(0.83;2.24)
Number of children		0.044		0.743^e
None	1.00		1.00
1-3	2.06(0.95;4.44)		1.02(0.51;2.06)
≥4	2.93(1.26;6.80)		0.95(0.43;2.10)
Menopause		0.399
No	1.00
Yes	0.81(0.50;1.33)
Tobacco smoking		0.186		0.751^e
Never smoked	1.00		1.00
Former smoker	1.52(0.95;2.45)		1.06(0.66;1.72)
Smoker	0.99(0.50;1.99)		0.84(0.45;1.55)
Excessive alcohol consumption		0.277
No	1.00
Yes	0.36(0.05;2.36)
Physical activity during leisure		0.356
Yes	1.00
No	1.38(0.69;2.74)
Nutritional status		<0.001		0.048^e
Normal weight	1.00		1.00
Overweight	1.46(0.86;2.48)		0.81(0.47;1.39)
Obese	3.35(2.07;5.40)		1.41(0.85;2.32)
Systemic arterial hypertension		<0.001		<0.001^e
No	1.00		1.00
Yes	6.05(3.97;9.25)		2.78(1.73;4.46)
Common mental disorders		<0.001		<0.001^e
No	1.00		1.00
Yes	1.87(1.33;2.64)		1.47(1.04;2.05)
Dyslipidemia		<0.001		<0.001^e
No	1.00		1.00
Yes	5.48(3.86;7.80)		2.16(1.45;3.23)
Self-perception of health		<0.001		0.002^f
Excellent/very good	1.00		1.00
Good	3.40(1.17;9.83)		1.95(0.71;5.38)
Regular/poor	8.90(3.52;22.44)		2.80(1.20;6.56)

[TFN1001] a) PR: prevalence ratio.

[TFN2001] b) 95%CI: 95% confidence interval.

[TFN3001] c) Linear trend test; p-value <0.05 significant; Wald test, logistic regression.

[TFN4001] d) Variables adjusted between each other.

[TFN5001] e) Variables adjusted for first block variables and between each other.

[TFN6001] f) Variable adjusted for first and second block variables.

[TFN7001] Note:

[TFN8001] Design effect was taken into consideration in the estimates.

Prevalence of self-reported diabetes mellitus in women and associated factors: a population-based study in São Leopoldo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, 2015 *

Prevalence of self-reported diabetes mellitus in women and associated factors: a population-based study in São Leopoldo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, 2015 ^*