Predictors of burnout syndrome in intensive care nurses

The quantitative, descriptive, cross sectional study with 91 intensive care nurses. Two instruments were used to collect data in July 2014: a sociodemographic form and the Maslach Burnout Inventory - Human Services Survey. Pearson's Chi-Square test or Fisher's exact test were applied to verify the association between the occurrence of burnout and the categorical variables.

RESULTS

Burnout affected 14.3% of the sample. Of the studied variables, only the duration of holidays had a significant association with the occurrence of burnout (p = 0034/OR = 3.92).

CONCLUSIONS

The prevalence of burnout in the nurses was 14.3%. Duration of the holidays was the only variable that showed a significant association with the occurrence of burnout.

Keywords:
Nurses; Intensive care units; Nursing research; Stress; psychological; Burnout; professional; Prevalence

	Burnout
Variable	Present		Absent		Total		p-value	OR (CI 95%)
Variable	n	%	n	%	n	%
Age group (years)
22 to 29	9	20.0	36	80.0	45	100.0	p¹ 1 Pearson's Chi-square test. = 0.123	2.63 (0.75 to 9.25)
30 to 59	4	8.7	42	91.3	46	100.0		1.00
Sex
Male	-	-	10	100.0	10	100.0	p² 2 Fisher's exact Test. = 0.347	^ Not possible to determine due to the occurrence of zero and very low frequencies.
Female	13	16.0	68	84.0	81	100.0
Marital status
Married	3	8.8	31	91.2	34	100.0	p² 2 Fisher's exact Test. = 0.357	1.00
Single	10	17.5	47	82.5	57	100.0		2.20 (0.56 to 8.63)
Children
Yes	2	7.7	24	92.3	26	100.0	p² 2 Fisher's exact Test. = 0.335	^ Not possible to determine due to the occurrence of zero and very low frequencies.
No	11	16.9	54	83.1	65	100.0
Total group	13	14.3	78	85.7	91	100.0

	Burnout
Variable	Present		Absent		Total		p-value	OR (CI 95%)
Variable	n	%	n	%	n	%
Practice physical activity
Yes	6	13.6	38	86.4	44	100.0	p¹ 1 Pearson's Chi-square test. = 0.864	1.00
No	7	14.9	40	85.1	47	100.0		1.11 (0.34 to 3.60)
Total group	13	14.3	78	85.7	91	100.0
Income⁽³⁾ 3 Eight respondents did not report income.
2 to 5	3	7.1	39	92.9	42	100.0	p⁽²⁾ 2 Fisher's exact Test. = 0.234	1.00
6 to 9	5	18.5	22	81.5	27	100.0		2.95 (0.64 to 13.56)
10 or more	3	21.4	11	78.6	14	100.0		3.55 (0.63 to 20.09)
Total group	11	13.3	72	86.7	83	100.0

	Burnout
Variable	Present		Absent		Total		p-value	OR (CI 95%)
Variable	n	%	n	%	n	%
Shift
Morning	5	16.7	25	83.3	30	100.0	p¹ 1 Fisher's exact Test. = 0.805	1.04 (0.27 to 4.03)
Afternoon	3	10.0	27	90.0	30	100.0		0.58 (0.13 to 2.67)
Night	5	16.1	26	83.9	31	100.0		1.00
Has another job
Yes	2	33.3	4	66.7	6	100.0	p¹ 1 Fisher's exact Test. = 0.203	^ Not possible to determine due to the occurrence of zero and very low frequencies.
No	11	12.9	74	87.1	85	100.0
Workload
< 30 hours	-	-	7	100.0	7	100.0	p¹ 1 Fisher's exact Test. = 0.270	^ Not possible to determine due to the occurrence of zero and very low frequencies.
30 to 40 hours	7	14.3	42	85.7	49	100.0		^ Not possible to determine due to the occurrence of zero and very low frequencies.
41 to 50 hours	3	23.1	10	76.9	13	100.0		^ Not possible to determine due to the occurrence of zero and very low frequencies.
51 to 60 hours	3	27.3	8	72.7	11	100.0		^ Not possible to determine due to the occurrence of zero and very low frequencies.
> 60 hours	-	-	11	100.0	11	100.0		^ Not possible to determine due to the occurrence of zero and very low frequencies.
Duration of holidays (days)
Up to 25 days	6	30.0	14	70.0	20	100.0	p¹ 1 Fisher's exact Test. = 0.034^* * Significant association at the level of 5.0.	3.92 (1.14 to 13.46)
30 or more	7	9.9	64	90.1	71	100.0		1.00
Time working in intensive care unit
6 months to 1 year	1	7.1	13	92.9	14	100.0	p¹ 1 Fisher's exact Test. = 0.202	^ Not possible to determine due to the occurrence of zero and very low frequencies.
> 1 to 2 years	2	15.4	11	84.6	13	100.0		^ Not possible to determine due to the occurrence of zero and very low frequencies.
> 2 to 3 years	4	30.8	9	69.2	13	100.0		^ Not possible to determine due to the occurrence of zero and very low frequencies.
> 3 to 5 years	3	23.1	10	76.9	13	100.0		^ Not possible to determine due to the occurrence of zero and very low frequencies.
> 5 years	3	7.9	35	92.1	38	100.0		^ Not possible to determine due to the occurrence of zero and very low frequencies.
Patients seen per day
Less than 10	10	13.7	63	86.3	73	100.0	p¹ 1 Fisher's exact Test. = 0.716	1.00
10 or more	3	16.7	15	83.3	18	100.0		1.26 (0.31 to 5.15)
Participation in training courses at hospital
Yes	6	11.5	46	88.5	52	100.0	p² 2 Pearson's Chi-square test. = 0.546	1.00
No	7	17.9	32	82.1	39	100.0		1.68 (0.52 to 5.46)
Total group	13	14.3	78	85.7	91	100.0

Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. Escola de Enfermagem Rua São Manoel, 963 -Campus da Saúde , 90.620-110 - Porto Alegre - RS - Brasil, Fone: (55 51) 3308-5242 / Fax: (55 51) 3308-5436 - Porto Alegre - RS - Brazil
E-mail: revista@enf.ufrgs.br

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[1] Corresponding author:
Eduardo Motta de Vasconcelos. vasconcelos.motta@unifesp.br

Dimension	Level	n (%)	Average Score	DP	CV	CA	CA (MBI)
Emotional	High	43 (47.2)	25.82	10.68	0.41	0.87	0.72
Exhaustion	Mild	31 (34.1)
Exhaustion	Low	17 (18.7)
Depersonalisation	High	31 (34.1)	6.84	5.36	0.78	0.64
	Mild	35 (38.4)
	Low	25 (27.5)
Personal	High	19 (20.9)	36.21	6.92	0.19	0.79
Accomplishment	Mild	41 (45.0)
Accomplishment	Low	31 (34.1)