Influence of recycled concrete aggregates on the shear strength of reinforced concrete beams

Authors contribution: CARDOSO, C. A: conceptualization, data analysis, bibliographic research, experimental analysis; LIMA, I. G.: experimental analysis, conceptualization, methodology, drafting; FERREIRA, M. P.: conceptualization, supervision, drafting and formal analysis, SOUZA, R. A.: writing and formal analysis.

Editors: Jose Tadeu Balbo, José Luiz Antunes de Oliveira e Sousa, Guilherme Aris Parsekian.

Specimen	% of RCA	d (mm)	a (mm)	a/d	ø_f (mm)	ø_w (mm)	ρ_l (%)	ρ_w (%)
V0	0	246	620	2.52	20	0	2.13	0
W0	0	246		2.52	20	4.2	2.13	0.10
V30	30	246		2.52	20	0	2.13	0
W30	30	246		2.52	20	4.2	2.13	0.10
V100	100	246		2.52	20	0	2.13	0
W100	100	246		2.52	20	4.2	2.13	0.10

ø (mm)	f_ys (MPa)	ɛ_ys %	E_s (GPa)
4,2	610	3,02	202
20	546	2,80	194

Experimental values		V_Rcs (kN)		V_u / V_Rcs.I	V_u / V_Rcs.II
Beams	V_u (KN)	I	II
V0	54.33	53.6	53.6	1.01	1.01
V30	46.74	53.7	53.7	0.87	0.87
V100	56.57	58.6	58.6	0.96	0.96
W0	110.97	76.6	83.9	1.45	1.32
W30	90.07	72.3	79.3	1.25	1.14
W100	86.08	73.4	80.5	1.17	1.07
Mean				1.12	1.06
SD				0.21	0.16
COV (%)				19.11	14.75

V_u/V_teo	Score	Classification
< 0.50	10	Extremely dangerous
[0.50 - 0.65[	5	Dangerous
[0.65 - 0.85[	2	Low safety
[0.85 - 1.30[	0	Appropriate safety
[1.30 - 2.00[	1	Conservative
≥ 2.00	2	Overconservative

Author	Beam	RCA (%)	bw (mm)	d (mm)	a (mm)	a/d	As (mm2)	Asw (mm2)	ρl (%)	ρw (%)	Vu (kN)	Vflex (kN)	fck (MPa)	fywk (MPa)
Larrañaga [²⁵25 M. Etxeberria Larrañaga, “Experimental study on microstructure and structural behaviour of recycled aggregate concrete,” M.S. thesis, Univ. Politècnica Catalunya, Barcelona, 2004.]	HC-2	0	200	304	1.000	3,3	1.810	57	3,0	0,2	213	214	32	495
	HC-3	0	200	304	1.000	3,3	1.810	57	3,0	0,2	177	214	32	495
	HC-4	0	200	304	1.000	3,3	1.810	57	3,0	0,1	188	214	32	495
Cardoso [²⁶26 A. C. Cardoso, “Efeito da adição de agregados reciclados na resistência ao cisalhamento de vigas de concreto armado,” M.S. thesis, Univ. Fed. Pará, Belém, 2018.]	VAW0	0	180	254	620	2,4	491	28	1,1	0,1	69	98	23	554
	VBW0	0	180	255	620	2,5	942	28	2,1	0,1	111	166	23	554
Ignjatović et al. [⁶6 I. S. Ignjatović, S. B. Marinković, and N. Tošić, "Shear behaviour of recycled aggregate concrete beams with and without shear reinforcement," Eng. Struct., vol. 141, pp. 386–401, 2017.]	NAC-2	0	200	261	1.000	3,8	1.923	57	3,7	0,1	141	214	35	391
	NAC-3	0	200	261	1.000	3,8	1.923	57	3,7	0,2	160	214	35	391
Rahal and Alrefaei [⁵5 K. N. Rahal and Y. T. Alrefaei, "Shear strength of longitudinally reinforced recycled aggregate concrete beams," Eng. Struct., vol. 145, pp. 273–282, 2017.]	35-A-0-10	10	150	388	1.162	3,0	462	57	0,8	0,2	89	94	30	455
	35-A-0-20	20	150	388	1.162	3,0	462	57	0,8	0,2	80	94	30	455
	35-S-0-23(50)	23	150	388	1.162	3,0	462	57	0,8	0,2	95	95	33	455
Larrañaga [²⁵25 M. Etxeberria Larrañaga, “Experimental study on microstructure and structural behaviour of recycled aggregate concrete,” M.S. thesis, Univ. Politècnica Catalunya, Barcelona, 2004.]	HR25-2	25	200	304	1.000	3,3	1.810	57	3,0	0,2	187	220	35	495
	HR25-3	25	200	304	1.000	3,3	1.810	57	3,0	0,2	169	220	35	495
Cardoso [²⁶26 A. C. Cardoso, “Efeito da adição de agregados reciclados na resistência ao cisalhamento de vigas de concreto armado,” M.S. thesis, Univ. Fed. Pará, Belém, 2018.]	VAW30	30	180	260	620	2,4	491	28	1,0	0,1	89	99	21	554
	VBW30	30	180	250	620	2,5	942	28	2,1	0,1	90	158	21	554
Rahal and Alrefaei [⁵5 K. N. Rahal and Y. T. Alrefaei, "Shear strength of longitudinally reinforced recycled aggregate concrete beams," Eng. Struct., vol. 145, pp. 273–282, 2017.]	35-A-0-35	35	150	388	1.162	3,0	462	57	0,8	0,2	90	94	29	455
	35-S-0-35(75)	35	150	388	1.162	3,0	462	57	0,8	0,2	85	94	32	455
	35-A-0-50	50	150	388	1.162	3,0	462	57	0,8	0,2	94	94	30	455
González-Fonteboa and Martínez-Abella [²⁰20 B. González-Fonteboa and F. Martínez-Abella, "Shear strength of recycled concrete beams," Constr. Build. Mater., vol. 21, no. 4, pp. 887–893, 2007.]	V24RC	50	200	303	1.000	3,3	1.810	57	3,0	0,1	164	241	35	455
	V17RC	50	200	303	1.000	3,3	1.810	57	3,0	0,2	177	245	37	455
	V13RC	50	200	303	1.000	3,3	1.810	57	3,0	0,2	234	244	36	455
Larrañaga [²⁵25 M. Etxeberria Larrañaga, “Experimental study on microstructure and structural behaviour of recycled aggregate concrete,” M.S. thesis, Univ. Politècnica Catalunya, Barcelona, 2004.]	HR50-2	50	210	304	1.000	3,3	1.810	57	2,8	0,2	220	223	35	495
	HR50-3	50	210	304	1.000	3,3	1.810	57	2,8	0,2	176	223	35	495
	HR50-4	50	210	304	1.000	3,3	1.810	57	2,8	0,1	164	223	35	495
Ignjatović et al. [⁶6 I. S. Ignjatović, S. B. Marinković, and N. Tošić, "Shear behaviour of recycled aggregate concrete beams with and without shear reinforcement," Eng. Struct., vol. 141, pp. 386–401, 2017.]	RAC50-2	50	200	261	1.000	3,8	1.923	57	3,7	0,1	142	222	38	391
	RAC50-3	50	200	261	1.000	3,8	1.923	57	3,7	0,2	157	222	38	391
Fathifazl et al. [²⁷27 G. Fathifazl, A. G. Razaqpur, O. B. Isgor, A. Abbas, B. Fournier, and S. Foo, "Shear strength of reinforced recycled concrete beams with stirrups," Mag. Concr. Res., vol. 62, no. 10, pp. 685–699, 2010., http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/macr.2010.62.10.685. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/macr.2010.62.1... ]	EM-3S-R	63,5	200	309	800	2,6	1.571	101	2,5	0,3	170	235	33	482
	EM-6S-R	63,5	200	302	800	2,6	1.963	101	3,3	0,3	307	342	33	482
	EM-6S-D	63,5	200	301	800	2,7	2.395	157	4,0	0,4	339	374	33	482
	EV-3S-R	74,3	200	309	800	2,6	1.571	157	2,5	0,4	233	242	40	482
	EV-3S-R*	74,3	200	309	800	2,6	1.571	157	2,5	0,4	233	242	40	482
	EV-6S-R	74,3	200	302	800	2,6	1.963	157	3,3	0,4	306	365	40	482
	EV-6S-D	74,3	200	301	800	2,7	2.395	157	4,0	0,4	328	409	40	482
Rahal and Alrefaei [⁵5 K. N. Rahal and Y. T. Alrefaei, "Shear strength of longitudinally reinforced recycled aggregate concrete beams," Eng. Struct., vol. 145, pp. 273–282, 2017.]	35-A-0-100	100	150	388	1.162	3,0	462	57	0,8	0,2	85	93	27	455
Larrañaga [²⁵25 M. Etxeberria Larrañaga, “Experimental study on microstructure and structural behaviour of recycled aggregate concrete,” M.S. thesis, Univ. Politècnica Catalunya, Barcelona, 2004.]	HR100-2	100	200	304	1.000	3,3	1.810	57	3,0	0,2	190	219	34	495
	HR100-3	100	200	304	1.000	3,3	1.810	57	3,0	0,2	163	219	34	495
	HR100-4	100	200	304	1.000	3,3	1.810	57	3,0	0,1	168	219	34	495
Cardoso [²⁶26 A. C. Cardoso, “Efeito da adição de agregados reciclados na resistência ao cisalhamento de vigas de concreto armado,” M.S. thesis, Univ. Fed. Pará, Belém, 2018.]	VAW100	100	180	258	620	2,4	491	28	1,1	0,1	58	99	22	554
	VBW100	100	180	250	620	2,5	942	28	2,1	0,1	86	160	22	554
Ignjatović et al. [⁶6 I. S. Ignjatović, S. B. Marinković, and N. Tošić, "Shear behaviour of recycled aggregate concrete beams with and without shear reinforcement," Eng. Struct., vol. 141, pp. 386–401, 2017.]	RAC100-2	100	200	261	1.000	3,8	1.923	57	3,7	0,1	135	225	40	391
	RAC100-3	100	200	261	1.000	3,8	1.923	57	3,7	0,2	163	225	40	391

Author	Beam	RCA (%)	b_w (mm)	d (mm)	a (mm)	a/d	A_s (mm²)	ρ_l (%)	V_u (kN)	V_flex (kN)	f_ck (MPa)
Choi et al. [¹⁹19 H. B. Choi, C. K. Yi, H. H. Cho, and K. I. Kang, "Experimental study on the shear strength of recycled aggregate concrete beams," Mag. Concr. Res., vol. 62, no. 2, pp. 103–114, 2010.]	NANAC-L2.5	0	200	360	900	2,5	382	0,5	66	75	21
	NANAC-M2.5	0	200	360	900	2,5	598	0,8	72	106	21
	NANAC-H2.5	0	200	360	900	2,5	1.159	1,6	91	178	21
	NANAC-H3.5	0	200	360	1.170	3,3	1.159	1,6	71	137	21
Knaackand Kurama [²⁸28 A. M. Knaack and Y. C. Kurama, "Behavior of reinforced concrete beams with recycled concrete coarse aggregates," J. Struct. Eng., vol. 141, no. 3, 2015.]	S0-1a	0	150	200	760	3,8	390	1,3	31	51	27
	S0-1b	0	150	200	760	3,8	390	1,3	37	51	27
	S0-2a	0	150	200	760	3,8	390	1,3	40	54	42
	S0-2b	0	150	200	760	3,8	390	1,3	42	54	42
Katkhuda [²⁹29 H. Katkhuda and N. Shatarat, "Shear behavior of reinforced concrete beams using treated recycled concrete aggregate," Constr. Build. Mater., vol. 125, pp. 63–71, 2016., http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.08.034. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.... ]	NC-3	0	200	267	800	3,0	1.018	1,9	53	130	24
Arezoumandi et al. [⁴4 M. Arezoumandi, J. Drury, J. S. Volz, and K. H. Khayat, "Effect of recycled concrete aggregate replacement level on shear strength of reinforced concrete beams," ACI Mater. J., vol. 112, no. 4, 2015.]	CC-NS-4.1	0	300	400	1.200	3,0	1.810	1,2	121	228	33
	CC-NS-4.2	0	300	400	1.200	3,0	1.810	1,2	130	226	30
	CC-NS-6.1	0	300	400	1.200	3,0	1.810	2,0	143	228	33
	CC-NS-6.2	0	300	400	1.200	3,0	1.810	2,0	167	226	30
	CC-NS-8.1	0	300	400	1.200	3,0	1.810	2,7	174	228	33
	CC-NS-8.2	0	300	400	1.200	3,0	1.810	2,7	171	226	30
Kim et al. [³⁰30 S. W. Kim, C. Y. Jeong, J. S. Lee, and K. H. Kim, "Size effect in shear failure of reinforced concrete beams with recycled aggregate," J. Asian Archit. Build. Eng., vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 323–330, 2013.]	NA-S2	0	200	300	750	2,5	1.161	1,9	76	204	28
	NA-M2	0	200	450	1.125	2,5	1.734	1,9	107	305	28
	NA-L2	0	200	600	1.500	2,5	2.323	1,9	126	408	28
	NA-M3	0	300	450	1.125	2,5	2.694	2,0	157	471	28
	NA-L4	0	400	600	1.500	2,5	4.645	1,9	256	816	28
Cardoso [²⁶26 A. C. Cardoso, “Efeito da adição de agregados reciclados na resistência ao cisalhamento de vigas de concreto armado,” M.S. thesis, Univ. Fed. Pará, Belém, 2018.]	VA0	0	180	244	620	2,5	491	1,1	52	92	20
	VB0	0	180	253	620	2,5	942	2,1	54	159	20
	VA30	30	180	248	620	2,5	491	1,1	41	95	21
	VB30	30	180	245	620	2,5	942	2,1	47	155	21
Choi et al. [¹⁹19 H. B. Choi, C. K. Yi, H. H. Cho, and K. I. Kang, "Experimental study on the shear strength of recycled aggregate concrete beams," Mag. Concr. Res., vol. 62, no. 2, pp. 103–114, 2010.]	RARAC30-L2.5	50	200	360	900	2,5	382	0,5	57	75	21
	RARAC30-M2.5	50	200	360	900	2,5	598	0,8	78	106	21
	RARAC30-H2.5	50	200	360	900	2,5	1.159	1,6	81	178	21
	RARAC30-H3.5	50	200	360	1.170	3,3	1.159	1,6	81	137	21
	RARAC50-L2.5	50	200	360	900	2,5	382	0,5	58	75	20
	RARAC50-M2.5	50	200	360	900	2,5	598	0,8	67	106	20
	RARAC50-H2.5	50	200	360	900	2,5	1.159	1,6	88	178	20
	RARAC50-H3.5	50	200	360	1.170	3,3	1.159	1,6	73	137	20
Ignjatovic (2013) [³²32 I. Ignjatović “Ultimate strength of reinforced recycled concrete beams,” PhD thesis, Univ. of Belgrade, Belgrade, 2013.]	RAC50-1b	50	200	235	1.000	4,3	1.922	4,1	60	160	29
Knaackand Kurama [²⁸28 A. M. Knaack and Y. C. Kurama, "Behavior of reinforced concrete beams with recycled concrete coarse aggregates," J. Struct. Eng., vol. 141, no. 3, 2015.]	S50-1a	50	150	200	760	3,8	390	1,3	44	53	38
	S50-1b	50	150	200	760	3,8	390	1,3	39	53	38
	S50-2a	50	150	200	760	3,8	390	1,3	44	53	33
	S50-2b	50	150	200	760	3,8	390	1,3	41	53	33
Katkhuda [²⁹29 H. Katkhuda and N. Shatarat, "Shear behavior of reinforced concrete beams using treated recycled concrete aggregate," Constr. Build. Mater., vol. 125, pp. 63–71, 2016., http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.08.034. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.... ]	R50-3	50	200	267	800	3,0	1.018	1,9	49	127	21
	T50-3	50	200	267	800	3,0	1.018	1,9	55	130	24
Sadati et al. [³¹31 S. Sadati, M. Arezoumandi, K. H. Khayat, and J. S. Volz, "Shear performance of reinforced concrete beams incorporating recycled concrete aggregate and high-volume fly ash," J. Clean. Prod., vol. 115, pp. 284–293, 2016.]	RAC50-1	50	200	303	1.000	3,3	1.818	3,0	91	237	36
	RAC50-2	50	200	303	1.000	3,3	1.757	2,9	89	233	37
	RAC50-3	50	150	200	760	3,8	390	1,3	44	51	38
	RAC50-4	50	150	200	760	3,8	390	1,3	39	51	38
	RAC50-5	50	150	200	760	3,8	390	1,3	44	51	33
	RAC50-6	50	150	200	760	3,8	390	1,3	41	51	33
Kim et al. [³⁰30 S. W. Kim, C. Y. Jeong, J. S. Lee, and K. H. Kim, "Size effect in shear failure of reinforced concrete beams with recycled aggregate," J. Asian Archit. Build. Eng., vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 323–330, 2013.]	RH-S2	50	200	300	750	2,5	1.161	1,9	61	205	29
	RH-M2	50	200	450	1.125	2,5	1.734	1,9	109	307	29
	RH-L2	50	200	600	1.500	2,5	2.323	1,9	126	410	29
	RH-M3	50	300	450	1.125	2,5	2.694	2,0	154	473	29
	RH-L4	50	400	600	1.500	2,5	4.645	1,9	262	820	29

Author	Beam	RCA (%)	b_w (mm)	d (mm)	a (mm)	a/d	A_s (mm²)	ρ_l (%)	V_u (kN)	V_flex (kN)	f_ck (MPa)
Schubert et al. [¹⁶16 S. Schubert, C. Hoffmann, A. Leemann, K. Moser, and M. Motavalli, "Recycled aggregate concrete: experimental shear resistance of slabs without shear reinforcement," Eng. Struct., vol. 41, pp. 490–497, 2012.]	RC-M-1 Q1	50	500	170	560	3,3	1.080	1,3	118	159	28
	RC-M-1 Q2	50	500	170	560	3,3	1.080	1,3	118	159	27
	RC-M-2 Q1	50	500	170	560	3,3	1.080	1,3	112	159	27
	RC-M-2 Q2	50	500	170	560	3,3	1.080	1,3	102	159	27
	RC-C-1	100	500	170	560	3,3	1.080	1,3	116	161	31
	RC-C-2 Q1	100	500	170	560	3,3	1.080	1,3	123	163	34
	RC-C-2 Q2	100	500	170	560	3,3	1.080	1,3	116	163	34
	RC-C-3	100	500	170	560	3,3	1.080	1,3	121	161	30
	RC-M-3 Q1	100	500	170	560	3,3	1.080	1,3	101	154	21
	RC-M-3 Q2	100	500	170	560	3,3	1.080	1,3	101	154	21
	RC-M-4 Q1	100	500	170	560	3,3	1.080	1,3	100	155	22
	RC-M-4 Q2	100	500	170	560	3,3	1.080	1,3	106	156	23
Cardoso [²⁶26 A. C. Cardoso, “Efeito da adição de agregados reciclados na resistência ao cisalhamento de vigas de concreto armado,” M.S. thesis, Univ. Fed. Pará, Belém, 2018.]	VA100	100	180	250	620	2,5	491	1,1	48	96	23
	VB100	100	180	257	620	2,4	942	2,0	57	168	23
Arezoumandi et al. [⁴4 M. Arezoumandi, J. Drury, J. S. Volz, and K. H. Khayat, "Effect of recycled concrete aggregate replacement level on shear strength of reinforced concrete beams," ACI Mater. J., vol. 112, no. 4, 2015.].	RAC-NS-4.1	100	300	400	1.200	3,0	1.810	1,2	115	222	26
	RAC-NS-4.2	100	300	400	1.200	3,0	1.810	1,2	113	226	30
	RAC-NS-6.1	100	300	400	1.200	3,0	1.810	2,0	143	222	26
	RAC-NS-6.2	100	300	400	1.200	3,0	1.810	2,0	124	226	30
	RAC-NS-8.1	100	300	400	1.200	3,0	1.810	2,7	131	222	26
	RAC-NS-8.2	100	300	400	1.200	3,0	1.810	2,7	140	226	30
Kim et al. [³⁰30 S. W. Kim, C. Y. Jeong, J. S. Lee, and K. H. Kim, "Size effect in shear failure of reinforced concrete beams with recycled aggregate," J. Asian Archit. Build. Eng., vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 323–330, 2013.]	RF-S2	100	200	300	750	2,5	1.161	1,9	73	208	31
	RF-M2	100	200	450	1.125	2,5	1.734	1,9	96	311	31
	RF-L2	100	200	600	1.500	2,5	2.323	1,9	125	416	31
	RF-M3	100	300	450	1.125	2,5	2.694	2,0	160	479	31
	RF-L4	100	400	600	1.500	2,5	4.645	1,9	257	831	31
Sadati et al. [³¹31 S. Sadati, M. Arezoumandi, K. H. Khayat, and J. S. Volz, "Shear performance of reinforced concrete beams incorporating recycled concrete aggregate and high-volume fly ash," J. Clean. Prod., vol. 115, pp. 284–293, 2016.]	RAC100-1	100	170	270	594	2,2	505	1,1	60	116	36
	RAC100-2	100	170	270	810	3,0	505	1,1	43	83	27
	RAC100-3	100	305	400	1.240	3,1	3.306	2,7	115	433	26
	RAC100-4	100	305	400	1.240	3,1	2.477	2,0	113	364	30
	RAC100-5	100	305	375	1.219	3,3	1.453	1,3	143	216	26
	RAC100-6	100	305	375	1.219	3,3	2.322	2,0	131	316	26
	RAC100-7	100	305	375	1.219	3,3	3.100	2,7	124	404	30
	RAC100-8	100	305	375	1.219	3,3	3.100	2,7	140	404	30
	RAC100-9	100	200	303	1.000	3,3	1.757	2,9	84	231	36
	RAC100-10	100	150	200	760	3,8	390	1,3	36	51	35
	RAC100-11	100	150	200	760	3,8	390	1,3	38	51	35
	RAC100-12	100	150	200	760	3,8	390	1,3	40	51	35
	RAC100-13	100	150	200	760	3,8	609	2,0	36	75	35
	RAC100-14	100	170	270	1.080	4,0	505	1,1	32	62	28
Katkhuda [²⁹29 H. Katkhuda and N. Shatarat, "Shear behavior of reinforced concrete beams using treated recycled concrete aggregate," Constr. Build. Mater., vol. 125, pp. 63–71, 2016., http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.08.034. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.... ]	R100-3	100	200	267	800	3,0	1.018	1,9	46	125	19
	T100-3	100	200	267	800	3,0	1.018	1,9	56	128	23
Knaackand Kurama [²⁸28 A. M. Knaack and Y. C. Kurama, "Behavior of reinforced concrete beams with recycled concrete coarse aggregates," J. Struct. Eng., vol. 141, no. 3, 2015.]	S100-1a	100	150	200	760	3,8	390	1,3	36	53	35
	S100-1b	100	150	200	760	3,8	390	1,3	38	53	35
	S100-2a	100	150	200	760	3,8	390	1,3	40	53	35
	S100-2b	100	150	200	760	3,8	390	1,3	36	53	35
Ignjatovic (2013) [³²32 I. Ignjatović “Ultimate strength of reinforced recycled concrete beams,” PhD thesis, Univ. of Belgrade, Belgrade, 2013.]	RAC1000-1b	100	200	235	1.000	4,3	1.922	4,1	69	163	31
Choi et al. [¹⁹19 H. B. Choi, C. K. Yi, H. H. Cho, and K. I. Kang, "Experimental study on the shear strength of recycled aggregate concrete beams," Mag. Concr. Res., vol. 62, no. 2, pp. 103–114, 2010.]	RARAC100-L2.5	100	200	360	900	2,5	382	0,5	60	75	19
	RARAC100-M2.5	100	200	360	900	2,5	598	0,8	70	105	19
	RARAC100-H2.5	100	200	360	900	2,5	1.159	1,6	85	175	19
	RARAC100-H3.5	100	200	360	1.170	3,3	1.159	1,6	58	135	19

[1] Corresponding author: Maurício de Pina Ferreira. E-mail: mpina@ufpa.br

Brasil

Brasil

Influence of recycled concrete aggregates on the shear strength of reinforced concrete beams

Influência dos agregados reciclados de concreto na resistência ao cisalhamento de vigas de concreto armado