Paracoccidioidomycosis of the male genital tract. Report of eleven cases and a review of Brazilian literature

Paracoccidioidomicose do trato genital. Relato de onze casos e revisão da literatura brasileira

PARACOCCIDIOIDOMYCOSIS OF THE MALE GENITAL TRACT. REPORT OF ELEVEN CASES AND A REVIEW OF BRAZILIAN LITERATURE

Luiz Carlos SEVERO, Carmen Lúcia KAUER, Flávio de Mattos OLIVEIRA, Rosiê Augusta RIGATTI, Antônio Atalíbio HARTMANN & Alberto Thomaz LONDERO

SUMMARY

Eleven cases of involvement of the genital tract in paracoccidioidomycosis were collected in a retrospective study of the clinical records of 683 patients seen in Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. These cases are herein summarily reported. Eighteen similar cases were gathered in review of the Brazilian literature. Obtained data are discussed.

KEYWORDS: Paracoccidioidomycosis; Paracoccidioides brasiliensis; Orchitis; Epididymitis; Prostatitis.

INTRODUCTION

The genital tract is affected in patients with the disseminated chronic form of paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM), although, in reported series of necropsied patients, it has been the less frequently involved body system^{1,3,10,12,16,20}. Furthermore, very few reported Brazilian series of cases of the disease referred the observation of genital lesion^2,18,19. Reports on genital PCM has also been scarce in Brazilian literature. With the exception of a series of seven cases⁷, in which two of them were previously reported²², the remaining eleven dealt with a single patient^{4-6,8,9,11,13-15,17,21, 24}.

In a retrospective review of the clinical records of 683 patients with PCM, seen in Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, during the period 1966-1998, eleven cases of male genital involvement were found. A summarized clinical history of them will be presented and discussed.

CASES REPORT

The 11 patients, were classified into three groups according to the clinical presentation: A) the genital manifestations were the main complaints (Cases 1 and 2); B) a past history suggestive of PCM preceded the genital complaints (Cases 3-9), and C) genital lesions appeared after treated PCM (Cases 10 and 11). All 11 patients presented lung infiltrates in the chest X-rays suggestive of PCM. The 11 cases are summarized in Table 1. Additional detailed information is provided for 4 representative cases.

Table 1
Profile of male patients with genital paracoccidioidomycosis

Group A: Cases in which the genital manifestations were the main complaints

Case 2

Since 4 months ago, this 67 year-old man presented with a tumefaction of the right testicle. The physical examination revealed an enlarged and hardened testicle and epididymis, a fistulous tract, draining a purulent secretion, in the right scrotum, ulcerated lesions in the intergluteal fold and edema of the right thigh. Suspected to have a neoplasia, the patient was submitted to surgery. Histologic examination of sections of testicle stained by H&E showed granulomatous reaction; methenamine silver stain revealed the characteristic cells of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis.

Group B: Cases in which a past history suggestive of PCM preceded the genital complaints

Case 5

During the period 1971-1977, a 38 year-old man was treated for tuberculosis in spite of no acid fast bacilli in the sputum. In 1978 he was admitted with cough, purulent expectoration, hemoptysis, weight loss, an ulceration on the tongue and right scrotal swelling. He complained also of difficulty to talk and to walk. Findings on physical examination were: ematiation; ulceration of the tongue; tumefaction and signs of epididymitis at right. P. brasiliensis was disclosed in the sputum, in the exudate of the tongue ulceration and in cut sections of the testis. An immunodiffusion test (ID) revealed specific bands. Two years later the patient presented with involvement of the SNC; he was treated with cotrimoxazol for 11 years with good results.

Case 9

One year ago, a 45 year-old man was treated for tuberculosis because he presented signs and symptoms of a respiratory infection. Later on he presented dysphagia and dysphonia. Six months ago the patient was submitted to an orchiectomy and the excised right testis was preserved in formalin and kept with him. Endoscopic examination of the larynx showed a granulomatous lesion. P. brasiliensis was detected in cut sections of the laryngeal lesion. For this reason it was requested the preserved material, in which the fungus was also detected (epididymis, spermatic cord, and testis).

Group C: Cases in which genital lesions appeared in patients that had been treated for a proved PCM

Case 11

In 1976, this patient, a 34 year-old man, received a diagnosis of PCM based on histologic examination of a biopsy of a laryngeal lesion. He was treated with sulphadiazine until 1979. In 1980 he presented a tumefaction of the scrotum and sexual dysfunction. Physical examination revealed a penile nodular lesion and tumefaction (5 cm) of the right testicle. P. brasiliensis was detected in the biopsied specimen of the testicle. ID positive.

DISCUSSION

Twenty nine cases of paracoccidioidal lesions in the genital tract has been reported in Brazil: 11 cases of the present series; 7 of a reported series⁷; and 11 single published cases^{4-6,8,9,11,13-15,17,21,24}. The patients were males aged 30 to 72 years.

The involvement of the genital tract in PCM occurs in the disseminated chronic form of the disease. In this clinical form multiorganic involvement has been the rule. However, sometimes, the clinical manifestations result from a single affected organ⁵.

Symptoms and signs of paracoccidioidal lesions of the male genital tract may be the main complaint that led patients to seek medical care^{4,6,9,13,14,17, 24 (present cases 1 and 2)}, exceptionally the single complaint ^{5,7 (case 7), 21}.

With one exception⁵, manifestations of the male genital lesions occur concomitantly^{4,6,7(case 1),14,15,17,24} or after^{7(cases 2-5),8,9,11,13,(present cases 3-11)} involvement of extragenital organs, commonly the lung.

The frequency of involved sites of the male genital tract is shown in Table 2.

Table 2
Frequency of involved organ/sites in male genital PCM

The diagnosis has been obtained usually by histologic examination of excised or biopsied organ^{4,5,7,8,11,13-15,21,(present cases 1-5,7,11)}; pus from a draining fistula⁹, exudate from ulceration of the penis ^{17,(present cases 6 and 8)} or of scrotal pouch^6,24, and prostatic secretion^{(present case 10)}.

Paracoccidioidomycosis affects more rarely females than males among adults (1:27.3). The disease usually is observed in women with signs and symptoms of menopause²³.

RESUMO

Paracoccidioidomicose do trato genital. Relato de onze casos e revisão da literatura brasileira

Onze casos de envolvimento do trato genital na paracoccidioidomicose foram arrolados em estudo retrospectivo das fichas clínicas de 683 pacientes vistos em Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil. Estes casos são sumariamente relatados. Dezenove casos similares foram colhidos em revisão da literatura brasileira. Os dados obtidos são discutidos.

Received: 27 July 1999

Accepted: 19 January 2000

Instituto de Pesquisas e Diagnóstico (IPD) e Instituto de Pesquisas Cito-Oncológicas Prof. Heitor Cirne-Lima (IPCO), Santa Casa de Misericórdia, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil.

Correspondence to: Dr. L.C. Severo, IPD-Santa Casa, Annes Dias 285, 90020-090 Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil. Fax: [phone]. E-mail: [e-mail]

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Publication Dates

• Publication in this collection
  29 Mar 2000
• Date of issue
  Feb 2000

History

• Received
  27 July 1999
• Accepted
  19 Jan 2000