Attitudes and perceptions about ageism among nursing students: a scoping review <sup/>

Fhon, Jack Roberto Silva; Alves, Natalia; Santos Neto, Alexandre Pereira dos; Djinan, Alice Regina Felipe Silva; Laurenti, Anaclara Viggiano; Lima, Eveline Fontes Costa

doi:10.1590/1518-8345.6851.4116

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Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem

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Review Article • Rev. Latino-Am. Enfermagem 32 • 2024 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1518-8345.6851.4116 copy

Attitudes and perceptions about ageism among nursing students: a scoping review ^* * Supported by Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), Grant #406136/2021-1, Brazil.

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Objective:

to map scientific knowledge on nursing students’ attitudes and perceptions regarding ageism.

Method:

scoping review according to the recommendations of the Joanna Briggs Institute. The study question was: What are scientific evidence available on the attitudes and perceptions of nursing students regarding ageism? The search was conducted in 12 databases using the Rayyan application and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews. The studies were selected by two reviewers using a data extraction tool.

Results:

of the 4,595 files, 46 that were published between 1984 and 2022 were selected, and the quantitative method was the most used. The most commonly used instrument was the Kogan’s Attitudes Toward Old People Scale. Positive, negative, mixed, neutral, and inconclusive attitudes and perceptions were identified.

Conclusion:

attitudes and perceptions about ageism are diverse and not conclusive. Future intervention studies are recommended to detect changes in the behavior of nursing students in the face of ageism.

Descriptors:
Ageism; Nursing Students; Review; Aged; Attitude; Perception

Highlights:

(1) Attitudes and perceptions about ageism are diverse and not conclusive.

(2) Importance of discussing ageism in the training of nursing students.

(3) Intervention studies to identify paradigm shifts in nursing students.

Databases	Search strategies
VHL*	((“Estudantes de Enfermagem” OR “Students, Nursing” OR “Estudiantes de Enfermería”) AND ((“Atitude do Pessoal de Saúde” OR “Attitude of Health Personnel” OR “Actitud del Personal de Salud”) OR (Percepção OR Percepções OR Perception OR Perceptions))) AND ((Envelhecimento OR Aging OR Envejecimiento) OR (Ageismo OR Ageism OR Ageísmo))
MEDLINE ^†	((“Students, Nursing” OR “Nursing Student” OR “Nursing Students”) AND (“Attitude of Health Personnel” OR Perception OR Perceptions)) AND (Aging OR Ageism)
CINAHL ^‡	((“Students, Nursing” OR “Nursing Student” OR “Nursing Students”) AND (“Attitude of Health Personnel” OR Perception OR Perceptions)) AND (Aging OR Ageism)
EMBASE ^§	‘Nursing student’ AND (‘health personnel attitude’ OR perception) AND (aging OR ageism)
Web of Science	((“Nursing Student” OR “Nursing Students”) AND (“Attitude of Health Personnel” OR Perception OR Perceptions)) AND (Aging OR Ageism)
Scopus	((“Nursing Student” OR “Nursing Students”) AND (“Attitude of Health Personnel” OR Perception OR Perceptions)) AND (Aging OR Ageism)
CAPES Brazilian Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations ^ǀǀ	“Estudantes de enfermagem” AND Envelhecimento
Google Scholar	(“Nursing students” AND Perception) AND Ageism
EBSCO ^¶	Open Dissertations “nursing students” AND Ageism
DART-E ^**	“Nursing students” AND Ageism “Nursing students” AND Aging
IBICT Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations ^††	“Estudantes de Enfermagem” AND Ageism

Author	Objective	Type of study	Sample / population	*N men/ women**	Age	Instrument	Country of study	Publication language
America
Enríquez-Reyna, et al. ⁽ ¹³13. Enríquez-Reyna MC, Rocha-Aguirre LL, Fuente TN, García-Mayorga EA, Hernández-Cortés PL. Analysis of attitudes and perceptions towards aging in nursing students in Zacatecas, Mexico. SANUS. 2022;7:e225. https://doi.org/10.36789/revsanus.vi1.225 https://doi.org/10.36789/revsanus.vi1.22... ⁾	Assessing attitudes and perceptions, by gender, of female and male aging among undergraduate nursing students in Zacatecas, Mexico.	Quantitative and cross-sectional	262	77 (29.4%) / 185 (70.6%)	Mean 21.4 years DP ^† =2.87 years	Kogan’s Attitudes Toward Old People Scale	Mexico	Spanish
Leitón-Espinoza ⁽ ¹⁴14. Leitón-Espinoza ZE. Factores sociodemográficos y su relación con los estereotipos negativos hacia la vejez del estudiante de enfermería [Thesis]. Trujillo: Universidad Nacional de Trujillo; 2022 [cited 2022 Nov 12]. Available from: https://alicia.concytec.gob.pe/vufind/Record/UNIT_7c40ee7b88821b51ba3838b83a8be7bf https://alicia.concytec.gob.pe/vufind/Re... ⁾	To determine the relationship between sociodemographic factors and negative stereotypes of old age among nursing students at the Nursing School of the National University of Trujillo.	Quantitative and cross-sectional	236	14 (5.9%) / 222 (94.1%)	Predominance of 18-29 year olds (99.6%)	Negative Stereotypes of Age	Peru	Spanish
Brown; Wang ⁽ ¹⁵15. Brown LG, Wang CH. Dismantling ageism among nursing students. Teach Learn Nurs. 2022;17(2):240-4. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.teln.2021.12.002 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.teln.2021.12.0... ⁾	To explore nursing students’ perceptions of the elderly and evaluate learning activities aimed at reducing ageism myths.	Mixed	102	7 (7%) / 95 (93%)		Fraboni Scale of Ageism	United States	English
Chance, et al. ⁽ ¹⁶16. Chance K, Simpler B, Forehand JW, Spurlock A, Alberich J. An international effort examining nursing student attitudes toward older people. Teach Learn Nurs. 2021;16(2):125-30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.teln.2020.12.006 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.teln.2020.12.0... ⁾	To learn more about the attitudes of nursing students towards the elderly in the United States and Costa Rica.	Quantitative and cross-sectional	269	-	From 19 years old	Kogan Old Persons Scale	United States	English
Dahlke, et al. ⁽ ¹⁷17. Dahlke S, Hunter KF, Fox MT, Davidson S, Perry N, Watts LT, et al. Awakening Canadians to ageism: a study protocol. BMC Nursing. 2021;20(1):192. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-021-00713-0 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-021-00713... ⁾	To generate evidence on the effectiveness of the three e-learning activities on nursing students’ perceptions of the elderly.	Quasi- experimental	640	-		Burbank’s Perceptions About Older People; The Ambivalent Ageism Scale	Canada	English
Hovey, et al. ⁽ ¹⁸18. Hovey S, Dyck MJ, Reese C, Kim M. Nursing students’ attitudes toward persons who are aged: an integrative review. Nurse Educ Today. 2017;49:145-52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2016.11.018 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2016.11.0... ⁾	To analyze empirical studies from the United States and Canada to understand how nursing education affects nursing students’ attitudes towards older people.	Integrative literature review					United States and Canada	English
Duran-Badillo, et al. ⁽ ¹⁹19. Duran-Badillo T, Miranda-Posadas C, Cruz-Barrera LG, Martinez-Aguilar ML, Gutiérrez-Sánchez G, Aguilar-Hernández RM. Negatives stereotypes about old age in college nursing students. Rev Enferm IMSS [Internet]. 2016 [cited 2022 Nov 12];24(3):205-9. Available from: https://www.medigraphic.com/pdfs/enfermeriaimss/eim-2016/eim163i.pdf https://www.medigraphic.com/pdfs/enferme... ⁾	To identify and describe the stereotypes nursing students have about the elderly.	Quantitative and cross-sectional	68		Mean 22 years old	Negative Stereotypes of Old Age Questionnaire	Mexico	Spanish
Alexandre, et al. ⁽ ²⁰20. Alexandre SG, Silva HG, Silva VMGN, Rocha VA, Lopes JP, Freitas MC. Conceptions of nursing undergraduate students about the elderly and old age. J Nurs UFPE on line. 2016;10(120):4606-11. https://doi.org/10.5205/1981-8963-v10i12a11529p4606-4611-2016 https://doi.org/10.5205/1981-8963-v10i12... ⁾	To understand nursing students’ perceptions of the elderly and old age.	Qualitative	30	3 (8.55%) / 27 (91.45%)	Mean 24 years old	Self-reported questionnaire	Brazil	Portuguese
Lima; Oliveira ⁽ ²¹21. Lima D, Oliveira DP. A influência do idadismo na prática clínica dos estudantes de enfermagem: revisão sistemática da literatura [Undergraduate thesis]. Barcarena: Instituto Universitário Atlântica; 2016 [cited 2022 Nov 12]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12253/1023 http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12253/1023... ⁾	To understand how nursing students’ prejudice towards the elderly influences their nursing practice.	Systematic review					Brazil	Portuguese
Shortreed ⁽ ²²22. Shortreed MP. Comparison of sophomore and senior baccalaureate nursing students’ attitudes toward older adults [Dissertation]. Cleveland, OH: Case Western Reserve University; 2015 [cited 2022 Nov 12]. Available from: http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=casednp1426722614 http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_n... ⁾	To compare the attitudes of second and final year undergraduate nursing students towards the elderly. The intent of this study was to help determine whether ageist attitudes are observed prior to clinical experiences and also how students’ attitudes change in the final year after completing the bulk of the nursing curriculum.	Quantitative and cross-sectional.	38	3 (7.9%) / 35 (92.1%)		Kogan’s Attitude Toward Old People Scale	United States	English
Mattos, et al. ⁽ ²³23. Mattos MK, Jiang Y, Seaman JB, Nilsen ML, Chasens ER, Novosel LM. Baccalaureate nursing students’ knowledge of and attitudes toward older adults. J Gerontol Nurs. 2015;41(7):46-56. https://doi.org/10.3928/00989134-20150429-01 https://doi.org/10.3928/00989134-2015042... ⁾	To explore the knowledge and attitudes of undergraduate nursing students about the elderly. Specific research questions included.	Mixed	132	12 (9.3%) / 120 (90.7%)	Predominance of 21 year olds	The Facts of Aging – Form 2; The Geriatric Attitudes Scale	United States	English
Lee ⁽ ²⁴24. Lee YS. Ethnic differences in attitudes and bias toward older people comparing white and Asian nursing students. J Transcult Nurs. 2015;26(2):202-8. https://doi.org/10.1177/1043659614553514 https://doi.org/10.1177/1043659614553514... ⁾	To identify attitudes and prejudices towards ageing among Asian and White students and to identify factors affecting attitudes towards ageing.	Quantitative and cross-sectional	308	39 (12.7%) / 268 (87.3%)	79.3% under 25; 10.5% between 25-30 and 10.2% 30 and over	Kogan’s Attitude Toward Old People Scale; Aging Quiz electronically	United States	English
Friday ⁽ ²⁵25. Friday VE. Exploring nursing students’ perceptions of older adults: the impact of gerontological education [Dissertation]. Omaha, NE: College of Sainf Mary; 2014 [cited 2022 Nov 12]. Available from: https://www.csm.edu/sites/default/files/Friday_Dissertation.pdf https://www.csm.edu/sites/default/files/... ⁾	To examine the impact of a four-week educational intervention with gerontological content on nursing students’ perception of the elderly.	Qualitative	8	2 (25%) / 6 (75%)	75% between 20 and 39 years old	Kogan’s Attitudes Toward Old People scale	United States	English
Haight; Christ; Dias ⁽ ²⁶26. Haight BK, Christ MA, Dias JK. Does nursing education promote ageism? J Adv Nurs. 1994;20(20):382-90. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2648.1994.20020382.x https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2648.1994... ⁾	To examine the impact of selected learning experiences of undergraduate nursing students’ attitudes towards older people.	Quantitative and cross-sectional	57	5 (8.8%) / 52 (91.2%)	70% between 20 and 40 years old	Kogan’s Attitudes Toward Old People scale	United States	English
Melanson; Downe-Wamboldt ⁽ ²⁷27. Melanson PM, Downe-Wamboldt BL. Antecedents of baccalaureate student nurses’ attitudes toward the elderly. J Adv Nurs. 1985;10(6):527-32. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2648.1985.tb00543.x https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2648.1985... ⁾	To determine the relationship between the selected independent variables and the attitudes of undergraduate nursing students towards the elderly.	Quantitative and cross-sectional	122	-		Opinions About People	Canada	English
Goebel ⁽ ²⁸28. Goebel BL. Age stereotypes held by student nurses. J Psychol. 1984;116(2d half):249-54. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223980.1984.9923644 https://doi.org/10.1080/00223980.1984.99... ⁾	To determine whether age stereotypes held by nursing students reflect cultural attitudes before they become practicing professionals.	Quantitative and cross-sectional	72	- / 72 (100%)		Kogan’s Attitudes Toward Old People Scale; Attitudes toward old people scale	United States	English
Europe
Vincek ⁽ ²⁹29. Vincek B. Povezanost znanja i stavova redovnih studenata sestrinstva Fakulteta zdravstvenih studija u Rijeci i Sveučilišta Sjever o starijim osobama [Dissertation]. Rijeka; Fakultet Zdravstvenih Studija Preddiplomski Stručni Studij sestrinstvo; 2022 [cited 2022 Nov 12]. Available from: https://urn.nsk.hr/urn:nbn:hr:184:954888 https://urn.nsk.hr/urn:nbn:hr:184:954888... ⁾	To verify whether there are differences in knowledge about the elderly among students from different periods of nursing school. The aim was to determine whether there are differences between students’ attitudes and perceptions of the elderly, based on their knowledge during their undergraduate studies.	Quantitative and cross-sectional	102	22 (22%) / 80 (78%)	Aged between 19 and 33. 31.3% were 21 years old	Semantic Differential of Attitudes Towards the Elderly	Croatia	Croatian
Turan; Polat; Çiftçi ⁽ ³⁰30. Turan GB, Polat HT, Çiftçi B. The effect of the “Geriatric Nursing” course on nursing students’ attitudes toward old age and aging: a comparative study. Int Arch Nurs Health Care. 2022;8(2):172. https://doi.org/10.23937/2469-5823/1510172 https://doi.org/10.23937/2469-5823/15101... ⁾	To find out about the attitudes of nurses who are students on the geriatric nursing course and those who are not on the course at two different universities towards old age and ageing.	Quantitative and cross-sectional	181	35 (19.3%) / 146 (80.7%)	Mean 21.64 years old	Attitude Scale Toward Aging and Elderliness	Turkey	Turkish
Castellano-Rioja, et al. ⁽ ³¹31. Castellano-Rioja E, Botella-Navas M, López-Hernández L, Martínez-Arnau FM, Pérez-Ros P. Caring for the elderly enhances positive attitudes better than knowledge in nursing students. Medicina (Kaunas). 2022;58(9):1201. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina58091201 https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina58091201... ⁾	To measure attitudes towards the elderly in health professionals, as there is a need to implement interventions to improve attitudes towards the elderly from the training of nursing students.	Quantitative and cross-sectional	97	-	Mean 22.5 years old	Kogan’s Attitudes Toward Old People Scale	Spain	English
Hançerlioğlu; Toygar; Theofanidis ⁽ ³²32. Hançerlioğlu S, Toygar I, Theofanidis D. Does nursing education in turkey affect the attitudes toward ageing and elderliness? Athens J Health Med Sci. 2021;8(4):231-42. https://doi.org/10.30958/ajhms.8-4-2 https://doi.org/10.30958/ajhms.8-4-2... ⁾	To explore the attitudes of nursing students in Turkey towards ageing and old age and to determine differences according to the year of study.	Quantitative and cross-sectional	287	28 (9.5%) / 259 (90.5%)	Mean 21.4 ± 1.2 years old	Attitudes Toward Ageing and Elderliness Scale	Turkey	English
López-Hernández, et al. ⁽ ³³33. López-Hernández L, Martínez-Arnau FM, Castellano-Rioja E, Botella-Navas M, Pérez-Ros P. Factors affecting attitudes towards older people in undergraduate nursing students. Healthcare (Basel). 2021;9(9):1231. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9091231 https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare909123... ⁾	To describe attitudes towards the elderly in a sample of nursing students and to analyze the potential factors that influence these attitudes.	Quantitative and cross-sectional	377	91 (24.1%) / 286 (75.9%)	Mean 22.23 years old	Kogan’s Attitudes Toward Old People Scale	Spain	English
Serin; Tülüce ⁽ ³⁴34. Serin EK, Tülüce D. Determining nursing students’ attitudes and empathic tendencies regarding aged discrimination. Perspect Psychiatr Care. 2021;57(1):380-9. https://doi.org/10.1111/ppc.12652 https://doi.org/10.1111/ppc.12652... ⁾	To determine the attitudes and empathic tendencies of nursing students regarding discrimination against the elderly.	Quantitative and cross-sectional	229	51 (22.3%) / 178 (77.7%)	Mean 20.78 ± 1.54 years old	The Ageism Attitude Scale; The Empathic Tendency Scale	Turkey	English
Sinan; Bilgili; Mutlu ⁽ ³⁵35. Sinan O, Bilgili N, Mutlu A. Perception of aging among nursing students. Cyprus J Med Sci. 2021;6(1):80-5. https://doi.org/10.5152/cjms.2021.1735 https://doi.org/10.5152/cjms.2021.1735... ⁾	To study and indicate the relationships and attitudes identified in nursing students regarding the treatment of the elderly and older people, as well as concepts of old age.	Quantitative and cross-sectional	543	61 (11.2%) / 482 (88.8%)	Mean 22.00 ± 1.20 years old	Attitudes and Knowledge Towards Older People; Attitudes of Healthcare Workers; Attitudes of Turkish Nursing Students Related to Ageism	Turkey	English
Darling, et al. ⁽ ³⁶36. Darling R, Sendir M, Atav S, Buyukyilmaz F. Undergraduate nursing students and the elderly: an assessment of attitudes in a Turkish university. Gerontol Geriatr Educ. 2018;39(3):283-94. https://doi.org/10.1080/02701960.2017.1311883 https://doi.org/10.1080/02701960.2017.13... ⁾	Assessing the motives and perceptions of nursing students about a career in gerontology.	Quantitative and cross-sectional	468	61 (13%) / 407 (87%)	Age between 17 and 30, average of 20.6 ± 1.9 years old	Kogan’s Attitude Toward Old People Scale	Turkey	English
Ridgway ⁽ ³⁷37. Ridgway VJ. Visual perceptions of ageing: A multi method and longitudinal study exploring attitudes of undergraduate nurses towards older people [Dissertation]. Chester: University of Chester; 2015 [cited 2022 Nov 12]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10034/620346 http://hdl.handle.net/10034/620346... ⁾	To visually and critically explore the perceptions of ageing held by undergraduate nursing students at a university in the north of England.	Quantitative and longitudinal	307	28 (9%) / 279 (91%)	52% between 17 and 21; 25% between 22 and 29; 15% between 30 and 39; and 8% above 40 years old	Kogan’s Attitude Toward Old People Scale	England	English
Sarabia; Castanedo ⁽ ³⁸38. Sarabia CCM, Castanedo PC. Changing negative stereotypes in old age in nursing students. Gerokomos. 2015;26(1):10-2. https://doi.org/10.4321/S1134-928X2015000100003 https://doi.org/10.4321/S1134-928X201500... ⁾	To explore the modification of stereotypes and myths about old age in third-year nursing students before and after learning the subject Gerontological Nursing.	Quantitative and cross-sectional	76	9 (11.6%) / 67 (88.4%)	Mean 20.37 years old	The Negative Stereotypes Questionnaire about Aging	Spain	Spanish
Fontes ⁽ ³⁹39. Fontes JNVS. Idadismo e seus correlatos em estudantes de enfermagem [Dissertation]. Porto: Universidade Fernando Pessoa; 2014 [cited 2022 Nov 12]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10284/4898 http://hdl.handle.net/10284/4898... ⁾	To understand nursing students’ perceptions of social discrimination against the elderly.	Quantitative and cross-sectional	78	23 (29.5%) / 55 (70.5%)	Mean 23.31 years old	Old Age Image Scale	Portugal	Portuguese
Adibelli; Türkoğlu; Kiliç ⁽ ⁴⁰40. Adibelli D, Türkoğlu N, Kiliç D. Views of Nursing Students About Ageing and Their Attitudes Toward Older People. Deuhyo Ed. 2013 [cited 2022 Nov 12];6(1):2-8. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12397/4631 http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12397/4631... ⁾	Determine nursing students’ views on ageing and their attitudes towards the elderly.	Quantitative and cross-sectional	308	88 (28.6%) / 220 (71.4%)	Most between 21 and 24 years old	Kogan’s Attitude Toward Old People Scale	Turkey	Turkish
Magalhães, et al. ⁽ ⁴¹41. Magalhães CP, Azevedo AFR, Fernandes AMPS, Antão CCM, Anes EMGJ. Gerontological dimension: nursing students’ perception. In: Queirós MMLF, organizator. I Congresso Internacional de Inteligência Emocional e Educação: Investigar e Intervir para Mudar; 2012 Jul 6-7; Oliveira de Azeméis, Portugal. Porto: Porto Editora; 2012. p. 1-14. ⁾	To identify the most prevalent representational contents that first-year nursing students have constructed about ageing and old age, gerontological nursing and geriatric nursing, prior to learning contents in this area.	Qualitative	42	7 (16.67%) / 35 (83.33%)	Mean 19.55 years old	Self-reported questionnaire	Portugal	Portuguese
Usta, et al. ⁽ ⁴²42. Usta YY, Demir Y, Yönder M, Yildiz A. Nursing students’ attitudes toward ageism in Turkey. Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2012;54(1):90-3. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.archger.2011.02.002 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.archger.2011.0... ⁾	To examine the attitudes of 145 Turkish nursing students studying about ageism and the factors that affect their view of this problem.	Quantitative and cross-sectional	145	17 (11.7%) / 128 (83.3%)	Mean 20.10 years old	The Ageism Attitude Scale	Ireland	English
Karlin, et al. ⁽ ⁴³43. Karlin NJ, Emick J, Mehls EE, Murry FR. Comparison of efficacy and age discrimination between psychology and nursing students. Gerontol Geriatr Educ. 2005;26(2):81-96. https://doi.org/10.1300/j021v26n02_06 https://doi.org/10.1300/j021v26n02_06... ⁾	Comparing age discrimination in psychology and nursing students.	Quantitative and cross-sectional	81	12 (14.8%) / 69 (85.2%)	Mean 31.3 years old ranging from 20-55 years	Polizzi’s Refined Scale for Elder Adults	England	English
Reed; Beall; Baumhover ⁽ ⁴⁴44. Reed CC, Beall SC, Baumhover LA. Gerontological education for students in nursing and social work: knowledge, attitudes, and perceived barriers. Educ Gerontol. 1992;18(6):625-36. https://doi.org/10.1080/0360127920180603 https://doi.org/10.1080/0360127920180603... ⁾	Examining knowledge about ageing and attitudes towards the elderly among master’s students in social work and nursing.	Quantitative and longitudinal	27	-	Ranging from 21-50, mean 33.9 years old	Old People Scale	UK	English
Asia
Phisaiphanth; Vongtree; Chabuakam ⁽ ⁴⁵45. Phisaiphanth S, Vongtree A, Chabuakham N. Knowledge of aging care and attitudes towards aging care among nursing students. Reg Health Promotion Center 9 J [Internet]. 2022 [cited 2022 Nov 12];16(1):325-42. Available from: https://he02.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/RHPC9Journal/article/view/256578 https://he02.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/RH... ⁾	To study the knowledge of caring for the elderly and to identify attitudes towards caring for the elderly among nursing students and the relationship between knowledge and attitudes towards caring for the elderly among nursing students at Boromarajonani Sapasithiprasong Nursing College in Ubon Ratchathan Province.	Quantitative and cross-sectional	138	-	Mean 20.14 SD ^† =1.02 years	The Palmore Facts on Aging Questionnaire; The Kogan’s Old People Scale Questionnaire	Thailand	Thai
Zhang, et al. ⁽ ⁴⁶46. Zhang J, Fu Y, Zhang H, Tang T, Yin M, Shi L. Analysis of factors influencing the attitudes towards the elderly of nursing students based on empathy and end-of-life care: A cross-sectional study. Nurs Open. 2022;9(5):2348-55. https://doi.org/10.1002/nop2.1245 https://doi.org/10.1002/nop2.1245... ⁾	To explore the factors associated with attitudes towards the elderly among nursing students, to clarify the impact of empathy and end of life care on the attitude of the elderly; and to serve as a basis for the follow-up of education courses related to the care of the elderly and training of caregivers of the elderly talents.	Quantitative and cross-sectional	371	41 (11.05%) / 330 (88.95%)		The End-of-life Attitudes Scale; Kogan Attitudes Scale for the Elderly	China	English
Fu, et al. ⁽ ⁴⁷47. Fu Y, Zhang J, Cao L, Ma J, Zhu H, Dong Y, et al. Nursing students’ attitudes and associated factors towards older people in Heilongjiang Province, northern China: A cross-sectional study. Nurs Open. 2022;9(5):2454-60. https://doi.org/10.1002/nop2.1262 https://doi.org/10.1002/nop2.1262... ⁾	Exploring attitudes and factors towards the elderly among undergraduate nursing students at national colleges in the Heilongjian province.	Quantitative and cross-sectional	978	155 (15.85%) / 823 (84.15%)		Kogan’s Attitudes Toward Old People Scale	China	English
Cheng ⁽ ⁴⁸48. Cheng WLS. Roles of knowledge and attitude in the willingness of nursing students to care for older adults in Hong Kong. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(15):7757. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18157757 https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18157757... ⁾	To assess students’ preparation, perspectives, attitudes, and knowledge about ageing, as well as their intention to work in the gerontological field.	Quantitative and cross-sectional	139	34 (24.5%) / 105 (75.5%)	82.7% between 19-23 years old	The Willingness to Care for Older People	China	English
Cheng, et al. ⁽ ⁴⁹49. Cheng WLS, Ma PK, Lam YY, Ng KC, Ling TK, Yau WH, et al. Effects of senior simulation suit programme on nursing students’ attitudes towards older adults: a randomized controlled trial. Nurse Educ Today. 2020;88:104330. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2020.104330 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2020.1043... ⁾	To investigate the effectiveness of a Senior Simulation Program (SSSP). The SSSP ^‡ , which focused on mimicking the physiological experiences of an 80-year-old person, was hypothesized to increase the user’s positive attitude towards elderly care.	Randomized clinical trial	139	34 (24.5%) / 105 (75.5%)	87% were 23 years or younger; 13% older than 23 years old	Kogan’s Attitudes Toward Old People Scale; The Willingness to Care for Older People	China	English
Hsu; Ling; Lui ⁽ ⁵⁰50. Hsu MHK, Ling MH, Lui TL. Relationship between gerontological nursing education and attitude toward older people. Nurse Educ Today. 2019;74:85-90. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2018.12.007 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2018.12.0... ⁾	To explore the information and attitudes of nursing students towards the elderly and to examine the presence of relationships between these factors and the teaching of gerontological nursing in Macau, a special administrative region of China.	Quantitative and cross-sectional	484	56 (14.9%) / 321 (85.1%)	Mean 21.3 years old	Kogan’s Attitudes Toward Old People Scale	China	English
Zverev ⁽ ⁵¹51. Zverev Y. Attitude towards older people among Malawian medical and nursing students. Educ Gerontol. 2013;39(1):57-66. https://doi.org/10.1080/03601277.2012.660869 https://doi.org/10.1080/03601277.2012.66... ⁾	Exploring the attitudes of medical and nursing students in Malawi towards the elderly.	Quantitative and cross-sectional	151	28 (18.5%) / 123 (81.5%)	Mean 21 years old	Kogan’s Attitudes Toward Old People Scale	China	English
Jo; An ⁽ ⁵²52. Jo KH, An GJ. Perception of aging among Korean undergraduate nursing students. Acta Paul Enferm. 2012;25(Sp Iss 1):35-40. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0103-21002012000800006 https://doi.org/10.1590/S0103-2100201200... ⁾	Exploring the perception of ageing among undergraduate nursing students.	Qualitative	102	3 (2.9%) / 99 (97.1%)	Most were around 19 years old	Self-reported questionnaire	South Korea	English
Oceania
Dahlke, et al. ⁽ ⁵³53. Dahlke S, Davidson S, Wisnesky UD, Kalogirou MR, Salyers V, Pollard C, et al. Student nurses’ perceptions about older people. Int J Nurs Educ Scholarsh. 2019;16(1). https://doi.org/10.1515/ijnes-2019-0051 https://doi.org/10.1515/ijnes-2019-0051... ⁾	Gain an understanding of students’ perceptions of working with older people.	Quantitative and cross-sectional	370	33 (8.9%) / 337 (91.1%)	50% were 21 years or older	Burbank’s Perceptions of Caring for Older People’s scale	Australia	English
Frost; Ranse; Grealish ⁽ ⁸8. Frost J, Ranse K, Grealish L. Assessing ageist behaviours in undergraduate nursing students using the Relating to Older People Evaluation (ROPE) survey. Australas J Ageing. 2016;35(1):58-61. https://doi.org/10.1111/ajag.12260 https://doi.org/10.1111/ajag.12260... ⁾	Describe the prevalence of ageist behavior in first-year undergraduate nursing students.	Quantitative and cross-sectional	180	31 (15.1%) / 149 (82.7%)	Mean 24 years old	Relating to Older People Evaluation	Australia	English
Neville; Dickie ⁽ ⁵⁴54. Neville C, Dickie R. The evaluation of undergraduate nurses’ attitudes, perspectives and perceptions toward older people. Nurse Educ Today. 2014;34(7):1074-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2014.04.018 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2014.04.0... ⁾	To assess undergraduate nurses’ attitudes and perspectives towards older people and perceptions of working with older people.	Literature review					Australia	English
Moyle ⁽ ⁵⁵55. Moyle W. Nursing students’ perceptions of older people: continuing society’s myths. Aust J Adv Nurs [Internet]. 2003 [cited 2022 Nov 12];20(4):15-21. Available from: https://www.ajan.com.au/archive/Vol20/Vol20.4-2.pdf https://www.ajan.com.au/archive/Vol20/Vo... ⁾	To identify nursing students’ views of the elderly in order to provide insights into how these perceptions can influence students’ choice of workplace and the care they may provide to the elderly.	Quantitative and longitudinal	103	12 (11.7%) / 91 (88.3%)	Mean 28 years old	Self-reported questionnaire	Australia	English
Africa
Attafua, et al. ⁽ ⁵⁶56. Attafuah PYA, Amertil N, Sarfo JO, Deegbe DA, Nyonator D, Amposah-Boama C, et al. ‘I decided to attend to him because it’s my duty’: Student Nurses perception and attitude towards care of older adults. BMC Med Educ. 2022;22(23). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-021-03090-z https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-021-03090... ⁾	Exploring students’ perceptions of ageing and their attitudes towards caring for the elderly.	Qualitative	30	15 (50%) / 15 (50%)	Mean 22.30 years old	Self-reported questionnaire	Ghana	English
Multicentric
Cheng, et al. ⁽ ⁵⁷57. Cheng HL, Lam SC, Cruz JP, Almazan JU, Machuca-Contreras FA, Cecily HSJ, et al. Willingness to care for older people and associated factors in pre-registered student nurses: A multi-country survey study. Nurse Educ Today. 2022;110:105279. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2022.105279 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2022.1052... ⁾	To examine the willingness to work with older people and associated factors among nursing students from nine countries (or regions).	Quantitative and cross-sectional	2244	549 (24.5%) / 1695 (74.5%)	Mean 20.56 SD ^† = 2.41 years old	Attitude Toward Aging; Older Person Care Perception	China, Palestine, Saudi Arabia, Chile, India, Philippines, Egypt, and Greece.	English

Article	Positive attitudes and perceptions
Enríquez-Reyna, et al. ⁽ ¹³13. Enríquez-Reyna MC, Rocha-Aguirre LL, Fuente TN, García-Mayorga EA, Hernández-Cortés PL. Analysis of attitudes and perceptions towards aging in nursing students in Zacatecas, Mexico. SANUS. 2022;7:e225. https://doi.org/10.36789/revsanus.vi1.225 https://doi.org/10.36789/revsanus.vi1.22... ⁾	The majority of participants had a positive attitude towards the elderly.
Brown; Wang ⁽ ¹⁵15. Brown LG, Wang CH. Dismantling ageism among nursing students. Teach Learn Nurs. 2022;17(2):240-4. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.teln.2021.12.002 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.teln.2021.12.0... ⁾	There was no statistically significant difference in the perception of pre- and post-intervention students, however, in general, positive words were used to describe the elderly, such as wise, kind, and gentle.
Chance. et al. ⁽ ¹⁶16. Chance K, Simpler B, Forehand JW, Spurlock A, Alberich J. An international effort examining nursing student attitudes toward older people. Teach Learn Nurs. 2021;16(2):125-30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.teln.2020.12.006 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.teln.2020.12.0... ⁾	It was found that pre-licensure nursing students living in the USA* reported positive attitudes towards the elderly.
Dahlke, et al. ⁽ ¹⁷17. Dahlke S, Hunter KF, Fox MT, Davidson S, Perry N, Watts LT, et al. Awakening Canadians to ageism: a study protocol. BMC Nursing. 2021;20(1):192. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-021-00713-0 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-021-00713... ⁾	The sample’s average score on the instrument used indicated a slightly positive outlook towards older people.
Lima; Oliveira ⁽ ²¹21. Lima D, Oliveira DP. A influência do idadismo na prática clínica dos estudantes de enfermagem: revisão sistemática da literatura [Undergraduate thesis]. Barcarena: Instituto Universitário Atlântica; 2016 [cited 2022 Nov 12]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12253/1023 http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12253/1023... ⁾	There was a greater tendency for nursing students to have positive attitudes towards older people.
Shortreed ⁽ ²²22. Shortreed MP. Comparison of sophomore and senior baccalaureate nursing students’ attitudes toward older adults [Dissertation]. Cleveland, OH: Case Western Reserve University; 2015 [cited 2022 Nov 12]. Available from: http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=casednp1426722614 http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_n... ⁾	Participants entered and left the nursing course with very positive attitudes towards older people.
Mattos, et al. ⁽ ²³23. Mattos MK, Jiang Y, Seaman JB, Nilsen ML, Chasens ER, Novosel LM. Baccalaureate nursing students’ knowledge of and attitudes toward older adults. J Gerontol Nurs. 2015;41(7):46-56. https://doi.org/10.3928/00989134-20150429-01 https://doi.org/10.3928/00989134-2015042... ⁾	Nursing students had a positive attitude towards the elderly according to the instrument used.
Haight; Christ; Dias ⁽ ²⁶26. Haight BK, Christ MA, Dias JK. Does nursing education promote ageism? J Adv Nurs. 1994;20(20):382-90. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2648.1994.20020382.x https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2648.1994... ⁾	Different positive attitudes were attributed to nursing students.
López-Hernández, et al. ⁽ ³³33. López-Hernández L, Martínez-Arnau FM, Castellano-Rioja E, Botella-Navas M, Pérez-Ros P. Factors affecting attitudes towards older people in undergraduate nursing students. Healthcare (Basel). 2021;9(9):1231. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9091231 https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare909123... ⁾	Attitudes towards the elderly among nursing students were positive, with women having a more positive attitude than men.
Darling, et al. ⁽ ³⁶36. Darling R, Sendir M, Atav S, Buyukyilmaz F. Undergraduate nursing students and the elderly: an assessment of attitudes in a Turkish university. Gerontol Geriatr Educ. 2018;39(3):283-94. https://doi.org/10.1080/02701960.2017.1311883 https://doi.org/10.1080/02701960.2017.13... ⁾	The scores of the nursing students indicated positive attitudes.
Ridgway ⁽ ³⁷37. Ridgway VJ. Visual perceptions of ageing: A multi method and longitudinal study exploring attitudes of undergraduate nurses towards older people [Dissertation]. Chester: University of Chester; 2015 [cited 2022 Nov 12]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10034/620346 http://hdl.handle.net/10034/620346... ⁾	The majority of participants had moderately positive attitudes towards the elderly.
Fontes ⁽ ³⁹39. Fontes JNVS. Idadismo e seus correlatos em estudantes de enfermagem [Dissertation]. Porto: Universidade Fernando Pessoa; 2014 [cited 2022 Nov 12]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10284/4898 http://hdl.handle.net/10284/4898... ⁾	The results showed that there is an overall positive view of ageism.
Karlin, et al. ⁽ ⁴³43. Karlin NJ, Emick J, Mehls EE, Murry FR. Comparison of efficacy and age discrimination between psychology and nursing students. Gerontol Geriatr Educ. 2005;26(2):81-96. https://doi.org/10.1300/j021v26n02_06 https://doi.org/10.1300/j021v26n02_06... ⁾	Nursing students showed higher levels of efficacy when it came to working with the elderly population compared to psychology students. In addition, nursing students reported low levels of ageism.
Phisaipan; Wongtri; Chabuakham ⁽ ⁴⁵45. Phisaiphanth S, Vongtree A, Chabuakham N. Knowledge of aging care and attitudes towards aging care among nursing students. Reg Health Promotion Center 9 J [Internet]. 2022 [cited 2022 Nov 12];16(1):325-42. Available from: https://he02.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/RHPC9Journal/article/view/256578 https://he02.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/RH... ⁾	The majority of nursing students said they had good knowledge about caring for the elderly, and also said they had positive attitudes towards ageing and the elderly.
Zhang, et al. ⁽ ⁴⁶46. Zhang J, Fu Y, Zhang H, Tang T, Yin M, Shi L. Analysis of factors influencing the attitudes towards the elderly of nursing students based on empathy and end-of-life care: A cross-sectional study. Nurs Open. 2022;9(5):2348-55. https://doi.org/10.1002/nop2.1245 https://doi.org/10.1002/nop2.1245... ⁾	The students’ attitudes were positive, but slightly lower than the national average in China.
Fu, et al. ⁽ ⁴⁷47. Fu Y, Zhang J, Cao L, Ma J, Zhu H, Dong Y, et al. Nursing students’ attitudes and associated factors towards older people in Heilongjiang Province, northern China: A cross-sectional study. Nurs Open. 2022;9(5):2454-60. https://doi.org/10.1002/nop2.1262 https://doi.org/10.1002/nop2.1262... ⁾	Students’ attitudes were positive, but the choice of gerontology/geriatrics as a first career option needs to increase.
Cheng ⁽ ⁴⁸48. Cheng WLS. Roles of knowledge and attitude in the willingness of nursing students to care for older adults in Hong Kong. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(15):7757. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18157757 https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18157757... ⁾	The majority of students scored highly on the scale used, indicating positive attitudes towards the elderly.
Cheng, et al. ⁽ ⁴⁹49. Cheng WLS, Ma PK, Lam YY, Ng KC, Ling TK, Yau WH, et al. Effects of senior simulation suit programme on nursing students’ attitudes towards older adults: a randomized controlled trial. Nurse Educ Today. 2020;88:104330. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2020.104330 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2020.1043... ⁾	A significant increase in positive attitudes and willingness to serve the elderly was found in both the control and intervention groups.
Hsu; Ling; Lui ⁽ ⁵⁰50. Hsu MHK, Ling MH, Lui TL. Relationship between gerontological nursing education and attitude toward older people. Nurse Educ Today. 2019;74:85-90. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2018.12.007 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2018.12.0... ⁾	The nursing students showed positive attitudes (high average KAOP ^† scores) towards the elderly.
Zverev ⁽ ⁵¹51. Zverev Y. Attitude towards older people among Malawian medical and nursing students. Educ Gerontol. 2013;39(1):57-66. https://doi.org/10.1080/03601277.2012.660869 https://doi.org/10.1080/03601277.2012.66... ⁾	The majority of nursing students had positive attitudes towards the elderly.
Jo; An ⁽ ⁵²52. Jo KH, An GJ. Perception of aging among Korean undergraduate nursing students. Acta Paul Enferm. 2012;25(Sp Iss 1):35-40. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0103-21002012000800006 https://doi.org/10.1590/S0103-2100201200... ⁾	The majority of students indicated positive engagement with the elderly.
Neville; Dickie ⁽ ⁵⁴54. Neville C, Dickie R. The evaluation of undergraduate nurses’ attitudes, perspectives and perceptions toward older people. Nurse Educ Today. 2014;34(7):1074-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2014.04.018 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2014.04.0... ⁾	The attitudes, perspectives and perceptions of undergraduate nurses were positive.
Attafuah, et al. ⁽ ⁵⁶56. Attafuah PYA, Amertil N, Sarfo JO, Deegbe DA, Nyonator D, Amposah-Boama C, et al. ‘I decided to attend to him because it’s my duty’: Student Nurses perception and attitude towards care of older adults. BMC Med Educ. 2022;22(23). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-021-03090-z https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-021-03090... ⁾	The students see the elderly as their grandparents; therefore, they tend to treat this age group with respect.
Negative attitudes and perceptions
Duran-Badillo, et al. ⁽ ¹⁹19. Duran-Badillo T, Miranda-Posadas C, Cruz-Barrera LG, Martinez-Aguilar ML, Gutiérrez-Sánchez G, Aguilar-Hernández RM. Negatives stereotypes about old age in college nursing students. Rev Enferm IMSS [Internet]. 2016 [cited 2022 Nov 12];24(3):205-9. Available from: https://www.medigraphic.com/pdfs/enfermeriaimss/eim-2016/eim163i.pdf https://www.medigraphic.com/pdfs/enferme... ⁾	Analysis of the overall scale indicates that more than half of the students had negative stereotypes.
Alexandre, et al. ⁽ ²⁰20. Alexandre SG, Silva HG, Silva VMGN, Rocha VA, Lopes JP, Freitas MC. Conceptions of nursing undergraduate students about the elderly and old age. J Nurs UFPE on line. 2016;10(120):4606-11. https://doi.org/10.5205/1981-8963-v10i12a11529p4606-4611-2016 https://doi.org/10.5205/1981-8963-v10i12... ⁾	The students had negative ageist attitudes related to the meanings of old age, such as: experience, pejorative, stigma, changes, and special care, and for the elderly, dependence, fear and coping, patience, and stubbornness.
Mattos, et al. ⁽ ²³23. Mattos MK, Jiang Y, Seaman JB, Nilsen ML, Chasens ER, Novosel LM. Baccalaureate nursing students’ knowledge of and attitudes toward older adults. J Gerontol Nurs. 2015;41(7):46-56. https://doi.org/10.3928/00989134-20150429-01 https://doi.org/10.3928/00989134-2015042... ⁾	Few students showed an interest in working in the field of elderly health and, compared to those who took the gerontology course, nursing students had negative perceptions.
Lee ⁽ ²⁴24. Lee YS. Ethnic differences in attitudes and bias toward older people comparing white and Asian nursing students. J Transcult Nurs. 2015;26(2):202-8. https://doi.org/10.1177/1043659614553514 https://doi.org/10.1177/1043659614553514... ⁾	The students had significantly more negative attitudes and anti-age prejudices towards the elderly.
Friday ⁽ ²⁵25. Friday VE. Exploring nursing students’ perceptions of older adults: the impact of gerontological education [Dissertation]. Omaha, NE: College of Sainf Mary; 2014 [cited 2022 Nov 12]. Available from: https://www.csm.edu/sites/default/files/Friday_Dissertation.pdf https://www.csm.edu/sites/default/files/... ⁾	The research showed that nursing students had negative attitudes.
Goebel ⁽ ²⁸28. Goebel BL. Age stereotypes held by student nurses. J Psychol. 1984;116(2d half):249-54. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223980.1984.9923644 https://doi.org/10.1080/00223980.1984.99... ⁾	Nursing students not only endorsed negative characteristics as typical of the elderly, but also had significantly more negative attitudes towards the elderly.
Sarabia; Castanedo ⁽ ³⁸38. Sarabia CCM, Castanedo PC. Changing negative stereotypes in old age in nursing students. Gerokomos. 2015;26(1):10-2. https://doi.org/10.4321/S1134-928X2015000100003 https://doi.org/10.4321/S1134-928X201500... ⁾	High prevalence of negative stereotypes about old age among nursing students.
Magalhães, et al. ⁽ ⁴¹41. Magalhães CP, Azevedo AFR, Fernandes AMPS, Antão CCM, Anes EMGJ. Gerontological dimension: nursing students’ perception. In: Queirós MMLF, organizator. I Congresso Internacional de Inteligência Emocional e Educação: Investigar e Intervir para Mudar; 2012 Jul 6-7; Oliveira de Azeméis, Portugal. Porto: Porto Editora; 2012. p. 1-14. ⁾	The results reveal that nursing students devalue the condition of the elderly.
Moyle ⁽ ⁵⁵55. Moyle W. Nursing students’ perceptions of older people: continuing society’s myths. Aust J Adv Nurs [Internet]. 2003 [cited 2022 Nov 12];20(4):15-21. Available from: https://www.ajan.com.au/archive/Vol20/Vol20.4-2.pdf https://www.ajan.com.au/archive/Vol20/Vo... ⁾	Nursing students are continuing society’s myths that the elderly are frail and show a decline in health.

Article	Mixed attitudes and perceptions
Frost; Ranse; Grealish ⁽ ⁸8. Frost J, Ranse K, Grealish L. Assessing ageist behaviours in undergraduate nursing students using the Relating to Older People Evaluation (ROPE) survey. Australas J Ageing. 2016;35(1):58-61. https://doi.org/10.1111/ajag.12260 https://doi.org/10.1111/ajag.12260... ⁾	Both positive and negative attitudes towards the elderly were identified on the part of nursing students, given that the majority of students indicated that they would work in the care of the elderly in the future, while some reported engaging in some ageist behaviors.
Leitón-Espinoza ⁽ ¹⁴14. Leitón-Espinoza ZE. Factores sociodemográficos y su relación con los estereotipos negativos hacia la vejez del estudiante de enfermería [Thesis]. Trujillo: Universidad Nacional de Trujillo; 2022 [cited 2022 Nov 12]. Available from: https://alicia.concytec.gob.pe/vufind/Record/UNIT_7c40ee7b88821b51ba3838b83a8be7bf https://alicia.concytec.gob.pe/vufind/Re... ⁾	The predominant level of negative stereotyping was low, followed by high; the level of negative stereotyping regarding gender was not significant; in relation to age, in relation to year of course, it was not significant and in relation to contact with older people and negative stereotypes, there was no significant difference.
Castellano-Rioja, et al. ⁽ ³¹31. Castellano-Rioja E, Botella-Navas M, López-Hernández L, Martínez-Arnau FM, Pérez-Ros P. Caring for the elderly enhances positive attitudes better than knowledge in nursing students. Medicina (Kaunas). 2022;58(9):1201. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina58091201 https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina58091201... ⁾	No changes were observed after the students completed the elderly care course. However, there was a significant change in participants’ attitudes after completing the clinical cycle, with an increase in positive attitudes, but negative attitudes did not decrease.
Hançerlioğlu; Toygar; Theofanidis ⁽ ³²32. Hançerlioğlu S, Toygar I, Theofanidis D. Does nursing education in turkey affect the attitudes toward ageing and elderliness? Athens J Health Med Sci. 2021;8(4):231-42. https://doi.org/10.30958/ajhms.8-4-2 https://doi.org/10.30958/ajhms.8-4-2... ⁾	Differences were found regarding perceptions of social strain, difficulty coping with life, and negative images between students who do and do not care for the elderly.
Serin; Tülüce ⁽ ³⁴34. Serin EK, Tülüce D. Determining nursing students’ attitudes and empathic tendencies regarding aged discrimination. Perspect Psychiatr Care. 2021;57(1):380-9. https://doi.org/10.1111/ppc.12652 https://doi.org/10.1111/ppc.12652... ⁾	More than half of the nursing students were willing to work with the elderly after graduating. However, students associated affection, weakness, illness, dependence, loneliness, and wisdom with the elderly.
Sinan; Bilgili; Mutlu ⁽ ³⁵35. Sinan O, Bilgili N, Mutlu A. Perception of aging among nursing students. Cyprus J Med Sci. 2021;6(1):80-5. https://doi.org/10.5152/cjms.2021.1735 https://doi.org/10.5152/cjms.2021.1735... ⁾	Nursing students’ perception of the elderly was positive; however, certain perspectives and behaviors regarding to caring for the elderly were negative.
Adibelli; Türkoğlu; Kiliç ⁽ ⁴⁰40. Adibelli D, Türkoğlu N, Kiliç D. Views of Nursing Students About Ageing and Their Attitudes Toward Older People. Deuhyo Ed. 2013 [cited 2022 Nov 12];6(1):2-8. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12397/4631 http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12397/4631... ⁾	It was found that nursing students’ views on ageing are mostly negative, and their attitudes towards the elderly are positive.
Neutral attitudes and perceptions
Vincek ⁽ ²⁹29. Vincek B. Povezanost znanja i stavova redovnih studenata sestrinstva Fakulteta zdravstvenih studija u Rijeci i Sveučilišta Sjever o starijim osobama [Dissertation]. Rijeka; Fakultet Zdravstvenih Studija Preddiplomski Stručni Studij sestrinstvo; 2022 [cited 2022 Nov 12]. Available from: https://urn.nsk.hr/urn:nbn:hr:184:954888 https://urn.nsk.hr/urn:nbn:hr:184:954888... ⁾	The vast majority of students took a neutral stance. The interviewees gave neutral answers to all the questions about attitudes towards people over 65 years old.
Turan; Polat; Çiftçi ⁽ ³⁰30. Turan GB, Polat HT, Çiftçi B. The effect of the “Geriatric Nursing” course on nursing students’ attitudes toward old age and aging: a comparative study. Int Arch Nurs Health Care. 2022;8(2):172. https://doi.org/10.23937/2469-5823/1510172 https://doi.org/10.23937/2469-5823/15101... ⁾	There was no significant difference between the group that took the “Scale of Attitude Towards Ageing” course and the group that did not take the course.
Reed; Beall; Baumhover ⁽ ⁴⁴44. Reed CC, Beall SC, Baumhover LA. Gerontological education for students in nursing and social work: knowledge, attitudes, and perceived barriers. Educ Gerontol. 1992;18(6):625-36. https://doi.org/10.1080/0360127920180603 https://doi.org/10.1080/0360127920180603... ⁾	Attitudes towards the elderly tend to be neutral rather than strongly positive or negative.
Inconclusive attitudes and perceptions
Hovey, et al. ⁽ ¹⁸18. Hovey S, Dyck MJ, Reese C, Kim M. Nursing students’ attitudes toward persons who are aged: an integrative review. Nurse Educ Today. 2017;49:145-52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2016.11.018 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2016.11.0... ⁾	The research did not adequately respond to the results found, identifying that there are several gaps in the literature on the impacts of ageist attitudes among nursing students towards elderly care.
Melanson; Downe-Wamboldt ⁽ ²⁷27. Melanson PM, Downe-Wamboldt BL. Antecedents of baccalaureate student nurses’ attitudes toward the elderly. J Adv Nurs. 1985;10(6):527-32. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2648.1985.tb00543.x https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2648.1985... ⁾	There was variation in attitude scores in four of the seven attitude dimensions, realistic harshness towards the elderly, anxiety about ageing, family responsibility and unfavorable stereotypes of the elderly, without quantifying and evaluating them conclusively.
Dahlke, et al. ⁽ ⁵³53. Dahlke S, Davidson S, Wisnesky UD, Kalogirou MR, Salyers V, Pollard C, et al. Student nurses’ perceptions about older people. Int J Nurs Educ Scholarsh. 2019;16(1). https://doi.org/10.1515/ijnes-2019-0051 https://doi.org/10.1515/ijnes-2019-0051... ⁾	Although ageist attitudes will be improved with the proposed activities, they do not identify them, making it inconclusive as to which attitudes were found in the students.

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[1] Corresponding author: Jack Roberto Silva Fhon E-mail: betofhon@usp.br https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1880-4379

Brazil

Brazil

Attitudes and perceptions about ageism among nursing students: a scoping review * * Supported by Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), Grant #406136/2021-1, Brazil.

Objective:

Method:

Results:

Conclusion:

Highlights:

Attitudes and perceptions about ageism among nursing students: a scoping review ^* * Supported by Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), Grant #406136/2021-1, Brazil.