Prevention of intraoperative hypothermia: a descriptive-exploratory study

Oliveira, Layze Braz de; Poveda, Vanessa de Brito; Dantas, Rosana Aparecida Spadoti; Ribeiro, Julio Cesar; Galvão, Cristina Maria

doi:10.1590/1518-8345.7694.4728

person Layze Braz de Oliveira

Study concept and design · Obtaining data · Data analysis and interpretation · Statistical analysis · Drafting the manuscript · Critical review of the manuscript as to its relevant intellectual content · All authors approved the final version of the text

schoolCentro Universitário UniFacid, Instituto de Educação Médica, Teresina, PI, Brazil.schoolScholarship holder at the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES), Brazil.

0000-0001-7472-5213

person Vanessa de Brito Poveda

Data analysis and interpretation · Statistical analysis · Drafting the manuscript · Critical review of the manuscript as to its relevant intellectual content · All authors approved the final version of the text

schoolUniversidade de São Paulo, Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto, PAHO/WHO Collaborating Centre for Nursing Research Development, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.

0000-0002-5839-7253

person Rosana Aparecida Spadoti Dantas

Data analysis and interpretation · Statistical analysis · Drafting the manuscript · Critical review of the manuscript as to its relevant intellectual content · All authors approved the final version of the text

schoolUniversidade de São Paulo, Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto, PAHO/WHO Collaborating Centre for Nursing Research Development, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.

0000-0002-3050-7000

person Julio Cesar Ribeiro

Data analysis and interpretation · Statistical analysis · Drafting the manuscript · Critical review of the manuscript as to its relevant intellectual content · All authors approved the final version of the text

schoolUniversidade de Franca, Faculdade de Enfermagem, Franca, SP, Brazil.

0000-0003-3553-8735

person Cristina Maria Galvão

Study concept and design · Obtaining data · Data analysis and interpretation · Statistical analysis · Drafting the manuscript · Critical review of the manuscript as to its relevant intellectual content · All authors approved the final version of the text

schoolUniversidade de São Paulo, Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto, PAHO/WHO Collaborating Centre for Nursing Research Development, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.schoolScholarship holder at the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), Brazil.

0000-0002-4141-7107

personCorresponding author: Cristina Maria Galvão E-mail:
crisgalv@eerp.usp.br https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4141-7107

Conflict of interest:

the authors have declared that there is no conflict of interest.

Associate Editor:

Ricardo Alexandre Arcêncio

Variables	Public (n*=139)		Private (n*=62)		Total (n*=201)
Variables	n*	% ^†	n*	% ^†	n*	% ^†
Gender
Female	119	85.6	56	90.3	175	87.1
Male	20	14.4	6	9.7	26	12.9
Age group (years)
<30	11	7.9	13	21.0	24	11.9
30–39	58	41.7	24	38.7	82	40.8
40–49	48	34.5	13	21.0	61	30.3
50–59	13	9.4	8	12.9	21	10.4
≥60	9	6.5	4	6.5	13	6.5
Marital status
Single	46	33.1	23	37.1	69	34.3
Married/civil union	76	54.7	32	51.6	108	53.7
Divorced/separated/widowed	17	12.2	7	11.3	24	12.0
Length of education (years)
<5	15	10.8	14	22.6	29	14.4
5–10	33	23.7	18	29.0	51	25.4
>10	91	65.5	30	48.4	121	60.2
Additional education
Yes	122	87.8	55	88.7	177	88.1
No	17	12.2	7	11.3	24	11.9
Levels of additional education
Residency	2	1.4	1	1.6	3	1.5
Specialization	86	61.9	47	75.8	133	66.2
Master’s degree	21	15.1	4	6.5	25	12.4
Doctorate	13	9.4	2	3.2	15	7.5
Not specified	-	-	1	1.6	1	0.5
None	17	12.2	7	11.3	24	11.9
Employment bond
One	104	74.8	52	83.9	156	77.6
Two	35	25.2	10	16.1	45	22.4
Time working in the operating room (years)
<5	43	30.9	23	37.1	66	32.8
5–10	34	24.5	18	29.0	52	25.9
>10	62	44.6	21	33.9	83	41.3

Prewarming	Pubic (n*=139)		Private (n*=62)		p ^‡
Prewarming	n ^*	% ^†	n ^*	% ^†	p ^‡
Performed in a surgical setting					0.008
Yes	98	70.5	55	88.7
No	41	29.5	7	11.3
Measures adopted ^§					0.055
Passive method	39	28.1	22	35.5
Active method	45	32.4	24	38.7
Mixed method	12	8.6	7	11.3
Never performed	41	29.5	7	11.3
Professional responsible ^ǁ					0.029
Anesthesiologist	16	11.5	6	9.7
Nurse	57	41.0	33	53.2
Both professional categories	19	13.7	13	21.0
Never performed	41	29.5	7	11.3

Variables	Public (n*=139)		Private (n*=62)		p ^‡
Variables	n*	% ^†	n*	% ^†	p ^‡
Increase the temperature of the operating room					0.003 ^§
Yes	57	41.0	12	19.4
No	82	59.0	50	80.6
Use of passive skin warming method					0.212 ^§
Yes	67	48.2	24	38.7
No	72	51.8	38	61.3
Use of active skin warming method					0.062 ^§
Yes	77	55.4	43	69.4
No	62	44.6	19	30.6
Use of mixed method					0.873 ^§
Yes	19	13.7	9	14.5
No	120	86.3	53	85.5
Infusion of heated solution intravenously					0.385 ^§
Yes	67	48.2	34	54.8
No	72	51.8	28	45.2
Heated solution for cavity irrigation					0.285 ^§
Yes	41	29.5	23	37.1
No	98	70.5	39	62.9
Active warming method is performed					0.009 ^ǁ
Yes	113	81.3	59	95.2
No	26	18.7	3	4.8
Professional performing active warming method
Anesthesiologist					0.067 ^§
Yes	68	48.9	39	62.9
No	71	51.1	23	37.1
Surgeon					0.403 ^§
Yes	7	5.0	5	8.1
No	132	95.0	57	91.9
Nurse					0.027 ^§
Yes	83	59.7	47	75.8
No	56	40.3	15	24.2

Variables	Public (n*=139)		Private (n*=62)		p ^‡
Variables	n*	% ^†	n*	% ^†	p ^‡
	n*	% ^†	n*	% ^†
Reasons for not monitoring body temperature
Anesthesia team does not consider this practice relevant in the operating room					0.342 ^§
Yes	33	23.7	11	17.7
No	106	76.3	51	82.3
Surgical team does not consider this practice relevant in the operating room					0.672 ^§
Yes	13	9.4	7	11.3
No	126	90.6	65	88.7
Difficulties in implementing this practice among healthcare professionals					0.118 ^§
Yes	39	28.1	11	17.7
No	100	71.9	51	82.3
Medical devices required are not sufficient for this practice					0.014 ^§
Yes	43	30.9	9	14.5
No	96	69.1	53	85.5
Materials used for passive warming are sufficient for daily demand					0.096 ^ǁ
Never	17	12.2	3	4.8
Rarely	17	12.2	3	4.8
Sometimes	18	12.9	5	8.1
Often	33	23.8	19	30.6
Always	54	38.9	32	51.7
Difficulties in using active skin warming methods
There are not enough medical devices for daily demand					0.080 ^§
Yes	56	40.3	17	27.4
No	83	59.7	45	72.6
There are no medical devices for patients with risk factors					0.151 ^§
Yes	21	15.1	15	24.2
No	118	84.9	47	75.8
There are enough medical devices for daily demand, but professionals do not consider the practice relevant					0.352 ^ǁ
Yes	11	7.9	2	3.2
No	128	92.1	60	96.8
Difficulty coordinating among healthcare professionals involved in care					0.159 ^§
Yes	40	28.8	12	19.4
No	99	71.2	50	80.6

[1] *n = Absolute number; ^†% = Percentage

Prevention of intraoperative hypothermia: a descriptive-exploratory study^*

Highlights:

Prevention of intraoperative hypothermia: a descriptive-exploratory study*

Highlights:

Prevention of intraoperative hypothermia: a descriptive-exploratory study^*