Perovkitas ABX<sub>3</sub> de haluros inorgánicos para celdas solares: estabilidad química y estructural

Díaz-Acosta, Cristian Moisés; Martínez-Luévanos, Antonia; Estrada-Flores, Sofía; Cano-Salazar, Lucia Fabiola; Aguilera-González, Elsa Nadia; Ibarra-Alonso, María Cristina

Cristian Moisés Díaz-Acosta e-mail: cristian.diaz@uadec.edu.mx, aml15902@uadec.edu.mx, s_estrada@uadec.edu.mx, elsaaguilera@uadec.edu.mx, lucia.cano@uadec.edu.mx, ibarra.cristina@uadec.edu.mx

Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila. School of Chemical Sciences, Department of Advanced Ceramic Materials and Energy, Blvd. V. Carranza s/n, 25280. Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico.

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9133-4684

Antonia Martínez-Luévanos e-mail: cristian.diaz@uadec.edu.mx, aml15902@uadec.edu.mx, s_estrada@uadec.edu.mx, elsaaguilera@uadec.edu.mx, lucia.cano@uadec.edu.mx, ibarra.cristina@uadec.edu.mx

Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila. School of Chemical Sciences, Department of Advanced Ceramic Materials and Energy, Blvd. V. Carranza s/n, 25280. Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico.

Corresponding author: Antonia Martínez-Luévanos

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3499-1693

Sofía Estrada-Flores e-mail: cristian.diaz@uadec.edu.mx, aml15902@uadec.edu.mx, s_estrada@uadec.edu.mx, elsaaguilera@uadec.edu.mx, lucia.cano@uadec.edu.mx, ibarra.cristina@uadec.edu.mx

Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila. School of Chemical Sciences, Department of Advanced Ceramic Materials and Energy, Blvd. V. Carranza s/n, 25280. Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico.

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4706-3984

Lucia Fabiola Cano-Salazar e-mail: cristian.diaz@uadec.edu.mx, aml15902@uadec.edu.mx, s_estrada@uadec.edu.mx, elsaaguilera@uadec.edu.mx, lucia.cano@uadec.edu.mx, ibarra.cristina@uadec.edu.mx

Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila. School of Chemical Sciences. Department of Advanced Materials, Blvd. V. Carranza s/n, 25280. Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico.

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2437-3728

Elsa Nadia Aguilera-González e-mail: cristian.diaz@uadec.edu.mx, aml15902@uadec.edu.mx, s_estrada@uadec.edu.mx, elsaaguilera@uadec.edu.mx, lucia.cano@uadec.edu.mx, ibarra.cristina@uadec.edu.mx

Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila. School of Chemical Sciences, Department of Advanced Ceramic Materials and Energy, Blvd. V. Carranza s/n, 25280. Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico.

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6289-5992

María Cristina Ibarra-Alonso e-mail: cristian.diaz@uadec.edu.mx, aml15902@uadec.edu.mx, s_estrada@uadec.edu.mx, elsaaguilera@uadec.edu.mx, lucia.cano@uadec.edu.mx, ibarra.cristina@uadec.edu.mx

CONACYT-Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, School of Chemical Sciences, Blvd. V. Carranza s/n, 25280. Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico.

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5719-8164

Corresponding author: Antonia Martínez-Luévanos

e-mail: cristian.diaz@uadec.edu.mx, aml15902@uadec.edu.mx, s_estrada@uadec.edu.mx, elsaaguilera@uadec.edu.mx, lucia.cano@uadec.edu.mx, ibarra.cristina@uadec.edu.mx

Architecture	Testing or storage time	J_sc (mA*cm²)	V_oc (V)	FF %	PCE %	Reference
CsPbI₃
FTO/TiO₂/ CsPbI₃/Carbon	60 storage days	18.5	0.79	69.0	9.5	[⁹⁸98 XIANG, S., FU, Z., LI, W., et al., "Highly Air-Stable Carbon-Based α-CsPbI3 Perovskite Solar Cells with a Broadened Optical Spectrum", ACS Energy letters, v. 3, n. 8, pp. 1824–1831, 2018.]
FTO/ TiO₂/ CsPbI₃/PTAA/Au	60 storage days	18.95	1.059	75.1	15.07	[²⁰20 WANG, K., JIN, Z., LIANG, L., et al., "All-inorganic cesium lead iodide perovskite solar cells with stabilized efficiency beyond 15%", Nature communications, v. 9, n. 1, pp. 4544, 2018.]
FTO/PPTA/ CsPbI₃/ PCBM layer/Ag	20 storage days	17.38	1.08	73.67	13.88	[¹¹⁵115 XU, X., ZHANG, H., LI, E., et al., "Electron-enriched thione enables strong Pb-S interaction for stabilizing high quality CsPbI3 perovskite films with low-temperature processing", Chemical science, v. 11, n. 20, pp. 3132–3140, 2020.]
FTO/ TiO₂/ CsPbI₃/Spiro-OMeTAD/Au	500 hours of testing	20.03	1.11	82	18.4	[²⁴24 WANG, Y., DAR, M., ONO, L.K., et al., "Thermodynamically stabilized b-CsPbI3–based perovskite solar cells with efficiencies >18%", Science, v. 365, n. 6453, pp. 591–595, 2019.]
FTO/ TiO₂/ CsPbI₃/PTAA/Au	Not reported	20.34	1.09	77	17.04	[⁸8 KOJIMA, A., TESHIMA, K., SHIRAI, Y., et al., "Organometal halide perovskites as visible-light sensitizers for photovoltaic cells", Journal of the american chemical society, v. 131, n. 17, pp. 6050–6051, 2009.]
ITO/SnO₂/ CsPbI₃/ Spiro-OMeTAD/Au	1000 hours of testing	20.1	1.06	75.3	16.04	[⁷⁵75 ZHANG, T., WANG, F., CHEN, H., et al., "Mediator–antisolvent strategy to stabilize all-Inorganic CsPbI3 for perovskite solar cells with efficiency exceeding 16%", ACS energy letters, v. 5, n. 5, pp. 1619–1627 2020.]
FTO/ TiO₂/CsPbI₃/Spiro-OMeTAD/Au	100 hours of testing	17.77	0.84	Not reported	14.32	[¹¹⁶116 CHEN, K., JIN, W., ZHANG, Y., et al., "High efficiency mesoscopic solar cells using CsPbI3 perovskite quantum dots enabled by chemical interface engineering", Journal of the american chemical society, v. 142, n. 8, pp. 3775–3783, 2020.]
CsPbBr₃
FTO/ TiO₂/CsPBr₃/ Mixed-carbon	30 storage days	7.16	1.357	72.97	7.09	[¹¹³113 MI, L., ZHANG, Y., CHEN, T., et al., "Carbon electrode engineering for high efficiency all-inorganic perovskite solar cells", RSC Advances, v. 10, n. 21, 12298–12303, 2020.]
FTO/ TiO₂/CsPbBr₃/Spiro-OMeTAD/Au	60 storage days	7.71	1.37	81	8.65	[¹⁰⁶106 LI, J., GAO, R., GAO, F., et al., " Fabrication of efficient CsPbBr3 perovskite solar cells by single-source thermal evaporation", Journal of alloys and compounds., v. 818, n. 3., pp. 152903, 2020.]
FTO/ TiO₂/CsPbBr₃/Carbon	30 storage days	7.45	1.61	83	9.92	[¹¹⁷117 ZHANG, W., LIU, X., HE, B., et al., "Interface engineering of imidazolium ionic liquids toward efficient and stable CsPbBr3 perovskite solar cells", ACS Applied materials & interfaces, v. 12, n. 4, pp. 12, 4540–4548 2020.]
FTO/ TiO₂/CsPbBr₃/Carbon	1000 hours of testing	7.84	1.39	80	8.73	[¹¹⁸118 PEI, Y., GUO, H., HU, Z., et al., "BiBr3 as an additive in CsPbBr3 for carbon-based all-inorganic perovskite solar cell", Journal alloys and compounds, v. 835, n. 9, pp. 155283, 2020.]
ITO/ TiO₂/CsPbBr₃/Spiro-OMeTAD/Au	200 hours of testing	7.76	1.375	79.31	8.47	[¹¹⁹119 WANG, D., LI, W., DU, Z., et al., "Highly efficient CsPbBr3 planar perovskite solar cells via additive engineering with NH4SCN", ACS Applied materials & interfaces, v. 12, n. 9, pp. 10579–10587, 2020.]
FTO/ TiO₂/CsPbBr₃/Carbon	50 storage days	6.87	1.59	81.21	8.87	[¹²⁰120 BU, F., HE, B., DING, Y., et al., "Enhanced energy level alignment and hole extraction of carbon electrode for air-stable hole-transporting material-free CsPbBr3 perovskite solar cells", Solar energy materials and solar cells, v. 205, n. 9, pp. 110267, 2020.]
FTO/ TiO₂/CsPbBr₃/Carbon	40 storage days	7.37	1.545	82.2	9.35	[²⁷27 XIANG, T., ZHANG, Y., WU, H., et al., "Universal defects elimination for high performance thermally evaporated CsPbBr3 perovskite solar cells", Solar energy materials and solar cells, v. 7, n. 110317, pp.1-7, 2020. ]

Architecture	Testing or storage time	J_sc (mA*cm²)	V_oc (V)	FF %	PCE %	Refe- rence
FTO/NiO_x/CsPbIBr₂/ZnO@C₆₀/Ag	10 hours of testing	15.1	1.1	75.5	12.6	[¹³³133 PAN, L., LIU, C., ZHU, H., WAN, M., LI, Y., MAI, Y., "Fine modification of reactively sputtered NiOX hole transport layer for application in all-inorganic CsPbI2Br perovskite solar cells", Solar energy, v. 196, n. 1, pp. 521–529, 2020.]
FTO/TiO₂/ CsPbIBr₂/Spiro-OMeTAD/Au	100 hours of testing	10.24	1.2	74.6	9.17	[⁹⁴94 ZHANG, B., BI, W., WU, Y., et al., "High-performance CsPbIBr2 perovskite solar cells: Effectively promoted crystal growth by antisolvent and organic ion strategies", ACS Applied materials & interfaces, v. 11, n. 37. pp. 33868–33878, 2019.]
FTO/TiO₂/CsPbIBr₂/CuPc/Carbon	720 hours of testing	9.65	1.236	63.1	8.76	[¹⁰⁷107 LIU, X., LI, J., LIU, Z., et al., "Vapor-assisted deposition of CsPbIBr2 films for highly efficient and stable carbon-based planar perovskite solar cells with superior Voc", Electrochimica acta, v. 330, n. 1, pp. 135266, 2020.]
ITO/NiO_x/CsPbIBr₂/CeO_x/Ag	500 hours of testing	8.76	1.01	63.35	5.60	[¹²³123 YANG, J., ZHANG, Q., XU, J., et al., "All-inorganic perovskite solar cells based on CsPbIBr2 and metal oxide transport layers with improved stability" Nanomaterials, v. 9, n. 12, pp. 1-10, 2019.]
FTO/TiO₂/CsPbIBr₂/Carbon	60 days of storage	10.71	1.169	66	9.16	[¹²⁴124 ZHU, W., ZHANG, Q., CHEN, D., et al., "Intermolecular Exchange Boosts Efficiency of Air-Stable, Carbon-Based All-Inorganic Planar CsPbIBr2 Perovskite Solar Cells to Over 9%", Advanced energy materials, v. 8. n. 30, pp. 1–11, 2018.]
FTO/TiO₂/CsPbI₂Br/PCBM/Ag	500 hours of testing	15.33	1.22	78.8	14.78	[¹³⁴134 YIN, G., ZHAO, H., JIANG, H., YUAN, S., NIU, T., ZHAO, K., LIU, Z., LIU, S.(F)., "Precursor Engineering for All-Inorganic CsPbI2Br Perovskite Solar Cells with 14.78% Efficiency", Advanced functional materials, v. 28, n. 39, pp. 1–10, 2018.]
FTO/c-TiO₂/m-TiO₂/CsPbI₂Br/ Spiro-OMeTAD /Ag	3 hours of testing	15.8	1.27	78.0	15.5	[¹²⁵125 LONG, Y., LIU, K., ZHANG, Y., et al., "Ambient air temperature assisted crystallization for inorganic CsPbI2Br perovskite solar cells", Molecules, v. 26, n. 11, pp.1-13, 2021. ]
ITO/c-TiO₂/CsPbI₂Br/Spiro-OMeTAD /Au	120 hours of testing	16.79	1.23	77.81	16.07	[¹²⁶126 CHEN, W., CHEN, H., XU, G., et al., "Precise control of crytal growth for highly effcient CsPbI2Br perovskite solar cells", Joule, v. 3, pp. 191-204, 2019.]
FTO/c-TiO₂/m-TiO₂/Doped-CsPbI₂Br/ CuSCN/rGO/Au	>1600 hours of testing	15.91	1.28	74.85	15.27	[¹²⁷127 MALI, S.S., PATIL, J.V., Steele, J.A., et al., "Implementing dopant-free hole-transporting layers and metal-incorporated CsPbI2Br for stable all-inorganic perovskite solar cells", ACS Energy letters, v. 6, n. 2, pp. 778-788, 2021. ]
FTO/TiO₂/CsPbI₂Br/Spiro-OMeTAD/Au	30 storage days in air	15.44	1.25	79.00	15.25	[¹²⁸128 YANG, S., ZHAO, H., HAN, Y., et al., "Europium and acetate co-doping strategy for developing stable and efficient CsPbI2Br perovskite solar cells", Nano-micro small, v. 15, n. 46, pp. 1-9, 2019. ]
ITO/SnO₂/CsPbI₂Br/Spiro-OMeTAD/Ag	25 storage days in N₂ atmosphere	16.23	1.21	76.29	15.07	[¹³⁰130 ZHANG, F., MA, Z., HU, T., et al., "Ultra-smooth CsPbI2Br film via programmable crystallization process for high-effciency inorganic perovskite solar cells", Journal of materials science & technology, v. 66, pp. 150-156, 2021. ]
ITO/SnO₂:C₆₀-EDA/CsPbI₂Br/Spiro-OMeTAD/MoO/Ag	65 storage days in dry air	15.41	1.34	80.30	16.58	[¹³¹131 DUAN, CH., LI, J., LIU, Z., et al., "Highly electroluminescent and stable inorganic CsPbI2Br perovskite solar cell enabled by balanced charge transfer", Chemical engineering journal, v. 417, 128053, 2021.]
ITO/ ZnO:Cs₂CO₃/ CsPbI₂Br/PCBM/Ag	200 hours of testing	16.34	1.28	78.42	16.42	[⁹⁷97 SHEN, E.C., CHEN, J.D., TIAN, Y., et al., "Interfacial Energy level tuning for efficient and thermostable CsPbI2Br perovskite solar cells", Advanced Science, v. 7, n. 1, pp. 1–9, 2020.]
FTO/NiO_x/CsPbIBr₂/ZnO@C₆₀/Ag	300 hours of testing	15.2	1.14	77	13.3%	[¹²¹121 LIU, C, LI, W., ZHANG, C., et al., "All-inorganic CsPbI2Br perovskite solar cells with high efficiency exceeding 13%", Journal of the american chemical society, v. 140, n. 11, pp. 3825–3828, 2018.]
ITO/SnO₂-ZnO/ CsPbIBr₂/Spiro-OMeTAD -MoO₃/Ag	360 hours of testing	15	1.23	78.8	14.16	[¹²²122 YAN, L., XUE, Q., LIU, M., et al., "Interface Engineering for All-Inorganic CsPbI2Br Perovskite Solar Cells with Efficiency over 14%", Advanced materials, v. 30, n. 33. pp. 1–7, 2018.]
ITO/SnO_x/ CsPbIBr₂/ Poly (DTSTPD-r-BThTPD)Au	900 hours of intermittent testing	14.25	1.4	77	15.53	[¹³⁵135 GUO, Z., JENA, A.K., TAKEI, I., et al., "Voc over 1.4 V for amorphous tin oxide-based dopant-free CsPbI2Br perovskite solar cells", Journal of the american chemical society, v. 142, n. 21, pp. 9725–9734, 2020.]
FTO/TiO₂/ CsPbIBr₂/ Spiro-OMeTAD/Au	1000 hours of testing	15.32	1.32	83.29	16.79	[⁹³93 HAN, Y., ZHAO, H., DUAN, C., et al., "Controlled n-doping in air-stable CsPbI2Br perovskite solar Cells with a record efficiency of 16.79%", Advanced functional materials, v. 30, n. 12. pp. 1-8, 2020.]
ITO/ZnO/ CsPbIBr₂/ Spiro-OMeTAD/Ag	2.5 hours of testing at 200 °C	14.9	1.22	75.3	13.7	[⁸⁷87 MALI, S.S., PATIL, J.V., HONG, C.K., "Hot-air-assisted fully air-processed barium incorporated CsPbI2Br perovskite thin films for highly efficient and stable all-inorganic perovskite solar cells", Nano letters, v. 19, n. 9. pp. 6213–6220, 2019.]
PDOT:PSS/Al:ZnO/CsPbIBr₂/tBCA/PTAA/MoO₃/Ag	60 storage days	15.87	1.26	75.41	15.08	[¹³⁶136 YANG, X., YANG, H., HU, X., et al., "Low-temperature interfacial engineering for flexible CsPbI2Br perovskite solar cells with high performance beyond 15%", Journal of materials chemistry A, v. 8, n. 10, pp. 5308–5314, 2020.]

Architecture	Testing or storage time	J_sc (mA*cm²)	V_oc (V)	FF %	PCE %	Reference
FTO/TiO₂/Al₂O₃/ CsSnI₃/NiO/Carbon	100 hours of storage	18.24	0.36	46	3.0	[¹³⁷137 ZHANG, T., LI, H., BAN, H., et al., "Efficient CsSnI3-based inorganic perovskite solar cells based on a mesoscopic metal oxide framework via incorporating a donor element", Journal of materials chemistry A, v. 8, n. 12, pp. 4118–4124, 2020.]
FTO/TiO_2/CsSnIBr₂/Al₂O₃/CsSnI₃/Carbon	9 hours of testing	17.4	0.31	57	3.2	[¹⁴³143 LI, W., LI, J., LI, J., et al., "Addictive-assisted construction of all-inorganic CsSnIBr2 mesoscopic perovskite solar cells with superior thermal stability up to 473 K", Journal of materials chemistry A, v. 4, n. 43, pp. 17104-17110, 2016.]
ITO/PEDOT:PSS/CsSnI₃/PCBM/Ag	30 days of storage under N₂	23.792	0.42	No reported	4.13	[¹⁴⁰140 WANG, Y., TU, J., LI, T., et al., "Convenient preparation of CsSnI3 quantum dots, excellent stability, and the highest performance of lead-free inorganic perovskite solar cells so far", Journal of materials chemistry A, v. 7, n. 13, pp. 7683–7690, 2019.]
ITO/ TiO₂/ CsSnI₃/ Spiro-OMeTAD:TBP/Au	No reported	27.67	0.201	29	1.66	[¹⁴⁴144 SABBA, D., MULMUDI, H.K., PRABHAKAR, R.R., et al., "Impact of anionic Br- substitution on open circuit voltage in lead free perovskite (CsSnI3-xBrx) solar cells", The journal of physical chemistry C., v. 119, n. 4., pp. 1763–1767, 2015.]
ITO/ TiO₂/ CsSnI₂Br/Spiro-OMeTAD:TBP/Au	No reported	15.06	0.289	38	1.67	[¹⁴⁴144 SABBA, D., MULMUDI, H.K., PRABHAKAR, R.R., et al., "Impact of anionic Br- substitution on open circuit voltage in lead free perovskite (CsSnI3-xBrx) solar cells", The journal of physical chemistry C., v. 119, n. 4., pp. 1763–1767, 2015.]
ITO/ TiO₂/ CsSnIBr₂/ Spiro-OMeTAD:TBP/Au	No reported	11.57	0.311	43	1.56	[¹⁴⁴144 SABBA, D., MULMUDI, H.K., PRABHAKAR, R.R., et al., "Impact of anionic Br- substitution on open circuit voltage in lead free perovskite (CsSnI3-xBrx) solar cells", The journal of physical chemistry C., v. 119, n. 4., pp. 1763–1767, 2015.]
ITO/ TiO₂/ CsSnI₃/ Spiro-OMeTAD: TBP/Au	No reported	3.99	0.410	58	0.95	[¹⁴⁴144 SABBA, D., MULMUDI, H.K., PRABHAKAR, R.R., et al., "Impact of anionic Br- substitution on open circuit voltage in lead free perovskite (CsSnI3-xBrx) solar cells", The journal of physical chemistry C., v. 119, n. 4., pp. 1763–1767, 2015.]

Architecture	Testing or storage time	J_sc (mA*cm²)	V_oc (V)	FF %	PCE %	Referen- ce
FTO/ TiO₂/ CsPbI₃/Spiro-OMeTAD/Au	500 hours of testing	20.03	1.11	82	18.4	[²⁴24 WANG, Y., DAR, M., ONO, L.K., et al., "Thermodynamically stabilized b-CsPbI3–based perovskite solar cells with efficiencies >18%", Science, v. 365, n. 6453, pp. 591–595, 2019.]
FTO/ TiO₂/ CsPbI₃/PTAA/Au	Not reported	20.34	1.09	77	17.04	[⁸8 KOJIMA, A., TESHIMA, K., SHIRAI, Y., et al., "Organometal halide perovskites as visible-light sensitizers for photovoltaic cells", Journal of the american chemical society, v. 131, n. 17, pp. 6050–6051, 2009.]
FTO/TiO₂/ CsPbIBr₂/ Spiro-OMeTAD/Au	1000 hours of testing	15.32	1.32	83.29	16.79	[⁹³93 HAN, Y., ZHAO, H., DUAN, C., et al., "Controlled n-doping in air-stable CsPbI2Br perovskite solar Cells with a record efficiency of 16.79%", Advanced functional materials, v. 30, n. 12. pp. 1-8, 2020.]
ITO/SnO₂:C₆₀-EDA/CsPbI₂Br/Spiro-OMeTAD/MoO/Ag	65 storage days in dry air	15.41	1.34	80.30	16.58	[¹³¹131 DUAN, CH., LI, J., LIU, Z., et al., "Highly electroluminescent and stable inorganic CsPbI2Br perovskite solar cell enabled by balanced charge transfer", Chemical engineering journal, v. 417, 128053, 2021.]
ITO/ ZnO:Cs₂CO₃/ CsPbI₂Br/PCBM/Ag	200 hours of testing	16.34	1.28	78.42	16.42	[⁹⁷97 SHEN, E.C., CHEN, J.D., TIAN, Y., et al., "Interfacial Energy level tuning for efficient and thermostable CsPbI2Br perovskite solar cells", Advanced Science, v. 7, n. 1, pp. 1–9, 2020.]
ITO/c-TiO₂/CsPbI₂Br/ Spiro-OMeTAD /Au	120 hours of testing	16.79	1.23	77.81	16.07	[¹²⁶126 CHEN, W., CHEN, H., XU, G., et al., "Precise control of crytal growth for highly effcient CsPbI2Br perovskite solar cells", Joule, v. 3, pp. 191-204, 2019.]
ITO/SnO₂/ CsPbI₃/ Spiro-OMeTAD/Au	1000 hours of testing	20.1	1.06	75.3	16.04	[⁷⁵75 ZHANG, T., WANG, F., CHEN, H., et al., "Mediator–antisolvent strategy to stabilize all-Inorganic CsPbI3 for perovskite solar cells with efficiency exceeding 16%", ACS energy letters, v. 5, n. 5, pp. 1619–1627 2020.]
FTO/c-TiO₂/m-TiO₂/Doped-CsPbI₂Br/ CuSCN/rGO/Au	> 1600 hours of testing	15.91	1.28	74.85	15.27	[¹²⁷127 MALI, S.S., PATIL, J.V., Steele, J.A., et al., "Implementing dopant-free hole-transporting layers and metal-incorporated CsPbI2Br for stable all-inorganic perovskite solar cells", ACS Energy letters, v. 6, n. 2, pp. 778-788, 2021. ]

[1] Corresponding author: Antonia Martínez-Luévanos

Brasil

Brasil

Perovkitas ABX₃ de haluros inorgánicos para celdas solares: estabilidad química y estructural

RESUMEN

Brasil

Brasil

Perovkitas ABX3 de haluros inorgánicos para celdas solares: estabilidad química y estructural

RESUMEN

Perovkitas ABX₃ de haluros inorgánicos para celdas solares: estabilidad química y estructural