Determination of the impact resistance of concrete as experimental and numerical

Arıcı, Erdinç

doi:10.1590/1517-7076-RMAT-2022-0094

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Articles • Matéria (Rio J.) 27 (3) • 2022 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1517-7076-RMAT-2022-0094 copy

Determination of the impact resistance of concrete as experimental and numerical

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

This study investigated the change of impact resistance in concrete with respect to their sample size and compressive strength as experimental and theoretical. In the experimental design phase, a three-parameter, four-level L16 (43) Taguchi orthogonal array was used. For the Charpy impact tests, 16 serial samples were prepared with the following characteristics: sample width/sample length (B/L) ratio of 0.20, 0.25, 0.40 and 0.50; a sample width (B) of 100, 150, 200 and 250 mm, and a relative notch length (a/B) of 0.1, 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4. Experimental data were analyzed by two different methods. In the first stage, the optimum values were determined by performing analyses with the Taguchi method, while in the second stage, a mathematical model created by the Response Surface Method (RSM) was used as the objective function in a genetic algorithm to obtain the optimum values. Validation tests were performed based on optimum values and the results were compared. As a result of the study, it was observed that the change in sample size and compressive strength significantly affected the impact resistance of the concrete. A mathematical model was created to determine the impact resistance of the concrete.

Keywords
Concrete; Impact resistance; Charpy impact testing; Taguchi Method; Response Surface Method

SIEVE SIZE (mm)	CUMULATIVE PASSING (%)
16	100
8	73
4	57
2	45
1	37
0.50	24
0.25	19
0.15	9
0.063	4
Pan	0

CHEMICAL PROPERTIES		PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
S (SiO₂)	21.12	Specific gravity (g/cm³)	3.13
A (Al₂O₃)	5.62	Blaine fineness (cm²/g)	3370
F (Fe₂O₃)	3.24	Initial setting time (min)	168
C (CaO)	62.94	Final setting time (min)	258
MgO	2.73	Compressive strength (MPa)
SO₃	2.30	2. day	25.8
Na₂O	–	7. day	41.8
K₂O	–	28. day	50.7
Cl	0.009
Loss of ignition	1.78

CEMENT	WATER	AGGREGATE SIZE (mm)
CEMENT	WATER	0–2	2–4	4–8	8–16
429	193	605	196	232	614

PARAMETERS		LEVELS
PARAMETERS		LEVEL 1	LEVEL 2	LEVEL 3	LEVEL 4
A	Sample width/Sample length, B/L	0.20	0.25	0.40	0.50
B	Sample width, B (mm)	100	150	200	250
C	Relative notch length, a/B	0.1	0.2	0.3	0.4

SERIAL NUMBER	A	B	C	B/L	B	a/B	SAMPLE SIZES (mm)
SERIAL NUMBER	A	B	C	B/L	B	a/B	B	L	a
S1	1	1	1	0.20	100	0.1	100	500	10
S2	1	2	2	0.20	150	0.2	150	750	30
S3	1	3	3	0.20	200	0.3	200	1000	60
S4	1	4	4	0.20	250	0.4	250	1250	100
S5	2	1	2	0.25	100	0.2	100	400	20
S6	2	2	1	0.25	150	0.1	150	600	15
S7	2	3	4	0.25	200	0.4	200	800	80
S8	2	4	3	0.25	250	0.3	250	1000	75
S9	3	1	3	0.40	100	0.3	100	250	30
S10	3	2	4	0.40	150	0.4	150	375	60
S11	3	3	1	0.40	200	0.1	200	500	20
S12	3	4	2	0.40	250	0.2	250	625	50
S13	4	1	4	0.50	100	0.4	100	200	40
S14	4	2	3	0.50	150	0.3	150	300	45
S15	4	3	2	0.50	200	0.2	200	400	40
S16	4	4	1	0.50	250	0.1	250	500	25

SERIAL NUMBER	f_c (MPa)	E_f (N · mm)	I_S (N · mm/mm²)
S1	28.41	14009.42	3.11
S2	28.41	15047.30	2.51
S3	28.41	21295.43	3.04
S4	28.41	32954.95	4.39
S5	32.27	23548.27	5.89
S6	32.27	29738.14	4.41
S7	32.27	36291.85	6.05
S8	32.27	51667.67	5.90
S9	30.15	38228.24	10.92
S10	30.15	47499.04	10.56
S11	30.15	63840.60	7.09
S12	30.15	79005.18	7.90
S13	33.06	42660.34	14.22
S14	33.06	55310.91	10.54
S15	33.06	70792.52	8.85
S16	33.06	88878.24	7.90

SERIAL NUMBER	B/L	B	a/B	q _c	S/N
S1	0.20	100	0.1	0.583	–4.687
S2	0.20	150	0.2	0.471	–6.540
S3	0.20	200	0.3	0.570	–4.882
S4	0.20	250	0.4	0.824	–1.682
S5	0.25	100	0.2	1.037	0.316
S6	0.25	150	0.1	0.776	–2.203
S7	0.25	200	0.4	1.065	0.547
S8	0.25	250	0.3	1.039	0.332
S9	0.40	100	0.3	1.989	5.973
S10	0.40	150	0.4	1.923	5.680
S11	0.40	200	0.1	1.291	2.219
S12	0.40	250	0.2	1.439	3.161
S13	0.50	100	0.4	2.473	7.864
S14	0.50	150	0.3	1.833	5.263
S15	0.50	200	0.2	1.539	3.745
S16	0.50	250	0.1	1.374	2.760

SOURCE	SUM OF SQUARES	DEGREES OF FREEDOM	MEAN SQUARE	F – VALUE	P – VALUE
Model	5.01	8	0.6259	820.56	<0.0001
B/L	3.56	1	3.56	4670.13	<0.0001
B	0.0543	1	0.0543	71.16	<0.0001
a/B	0.1288	1	0.1288	168.85	<0.0001
B/L.B	0.0224	1	0.0224	29.35	0.0010
B · a/B	0.0080	1	0.0080	10.42	0.0145
(B/L)²	0.1920	1	0.1920	251.74	<0.0001
B²	0.1040	1	0.1040	136.36	<0.0001
(a/B)²	0.0096	1	0.0096	12.59	0.0094
Residual	0.0053	7	0.0008
Total	5.01	15

Population Size	100
Number of Generation	500
Cross over Probability	0.90
Mutation Probability	0.01

		TAGUCHI METHOD	GENETIC ALGORITHM	CONFIRMATION TEST
Experimental Parameters	B/L	0.50	0.50	0.50
	B	100	100	100
	a/B	0.40	0.40	0.40
Normalized Impact resistance (q_c)		2.554	2.456	2.473
Impact Resistance (I_s) (N.mm/mm²)		14.68	14.12	14.22
Fracture Energy (E) (N.mm)		44040	42360	42660

CONTROL FACTORS	DEGREES OF FREEDOM	SUM OF SQUARES	VARIANCE	F	CONTRIBUTION OF FACTOR (%)
B/L	3	247.70	81.34	223.48	81.61
B	3	10.54	3.58	8.55	4.35
a/B	3	30.71	10.24	27.49	10.13
Error	6	3.24	1.97		3.91
Total		292.19			100

Laboratório de Hidrogênio, Coppe - Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, em cooperação com a Associação Brasileira do Hidrogênio, ABH2 Av. Moniz Aragão, 207, 21941-594, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil, Tel: +55 (21) 3938-8791 - Rio de Janeiro - RJ - Brazil
E-mail: revmateria@gmail.com

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[1] e-mail: earici1@firat.edu.tr