Overweight in Brazilian industry workers: Prevalence and association with demographic and socioeconomic factors and soft drink intake

Silveira, Pablo Magno da; Silva, Kelly Samara; Silva, Jaqueline Aragoni da; Oliveira, Elusa Santina Antunes de; Barros, Mauro Virgílio Gomes de; Nahas, Markus Vinicius

doi:10.1590/1415-52732014000400005

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Original Articles • Rev. Nutr. 27 (4) • Jul-Aug 2014 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1415-52732014000400005 copy

Overweight in Brazilian industry workers: Prevalence and association with demographic and socioeconomic factors and soft drink intake

Excesso de peso em trabalhadores de indústrias no Brasil: prevalência e associação com fatores demográficos, socioeconômicos e consumo de refrigerantes

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Objective:

To estimate the prevalence of overweight in industry workers and its association with demographic and socioeconomic factors and soft drink intake (including type).

Methods:

This is a nationwide cross-sectional cohort survey of "Lifestyle and leisure habits of industry workers" conducted between 2006 and 2008 in 24 Brazilian federate units. The participants answered a previously tested questionnaire and self-reported their weight and height. Statistical analyses consisted of crude and adjusted Poisson regression.

Results:

Males and females had overweight prevalences of 45.7% (95%CI=45.1; 46.2) and 28.1% (95%CI=27.4; 28.9) respectively. Older and married individuals and those working in medium-sized and large factories were more likely to be overweight. Males with higher education levels and gross family incomes were also more likely to be overweight, but not females. Finally, men (PR=1.24; 95%CI=1.13; 1.36) and women (PR=1.40; 95%CI=1.22; 1.61) who consumed diet/light soft drinks were also more likely to be overweight than those who did not consume soft drinks.

Conclusion:

More than one-third of the workers were overweight according to their self-reported weight and height, and the prevalence of overweight was higher in males. Demographic and socioeconomic variables and diet/light soft drink intake were associated with overweight. These data may be helpful for the development of actions that reduce the risk of overweight in this population.

Adults; Obesity; Overweight; Soft drink; Workers

Variables	N	%	Males			Females
Variables	N	%	N	%	95%CI	N	%	95%CI
			31,956	45.70	45.14; 46.23	13,552	28.12	27.36; 28.88
Age (n=45,344)
Less than 30 years 30-39 years 40 + years	21,005 14,049 10,290	46.33 30.98 22.69	14,495 9,730 7,611	34.46 52.12 58.83	33.69; 35.24 51.13; 53.12 57.73; 59.94	6,510 4,319 2,679	17.88 33.47 44.30	16.94; 18.81 32.07; 34.88 42.42; 46.19
Marital status (n=45,406)
Other* Married	19,908 25,498	43.85 56.15	12,485 19,392	35.46 52.26	34.62; 36.30 51.56; 52.96	7,423 6,106	23.54 33.65	22.58; 24.51 32.46; 34.84
Education level (n=45,422)
Incomplete elementary school Complete elementary school Complete high school Complete higher education	8,359 7,068 23,345 6,650	18.40 15.56 51.40 14.64	6,836 5,426 15,915 3,725	45.04 42.94 44.21 57.04	43.86; 46.22 41.62; 44.25 43.44; 44.98 55.45; 58.63	1,523 1,642 7,430 2,925	40.38 31.42 26.21 24.71	37.91; 42.84 29.17; 33.67 25.21; 27.21 23.15; 26.28
Gross family income (n=45,135)*
Up to 600 reais 601 to 1,500 reais ≥1,501 reais	14,268 18,752 12,115	31.61 41.55 26.84	10,296 13,392 8,006	36.55 46.17 56.38	35.62; 37.48 45.33; 47.02 55.29; 57.46	3,972 5,360 4,109	29.45 27.91 26.96	28.03; 30.87 26.70; 29.11 25.60; 28.32
Industry size (n=43,058)
Small Medium-sized Large	10,598 15,865 16,595	24.61 36.85 38.54	7,524 11,636 11,254	42.75 46.00 47.72	41.63; 43.87 45.09; 46.90 46.80; 48.64	3,074 4,229 5,34	25.86 27.71 30.16	24.31; 27.41 26.36; 29.06 28.93; 31.39
Region (n=45,508)
South Southeast Midwest Northeast North	6,565 5,879 7,762 14,114 11,188	14.43 12.92 17.06 31.01 24.58	3,943 3,996 5,545 10,076 8,396	45.42 43.31 44.47 48.71 44.10	43.86; 46.97 41.78. 44.85 43.16; 45.78 47.74; 49.69 43.04; 45.16	2,622 1,883 2,217 4,038 2,792	26.04 24.58 26.29 32.51 27.54	24.36; 27.72 22.64; 26.53 24.46; 28.13 31.07; 33.96 25.88; 29.20
Consumes soft drinks* (n=45,380)*
Never 1-3 days 4-6 days 7 days	5,713 25,707 9,475 4,485	12.59 56.65 20.88 9.88	3,299 17,967 7,165 3,426	49.46 45.40 44.94 45.30	47.76; 51.17 44.67; 46.13 43.78; 46.09 43.63; 46.96	2,414 7,740 2,310 1,059	30.40 28.43 25.10 27.19	28.56; 32.24 27.43; 29.44 23.33; 26.87 24.51; 29.87
Type of soft drink* (n=42,822)*
Does not consume Regular Diet/Light Any	4,491 29,417 02,488 06,426	10.49 68.70 5.81 15.00	2,691 21,944 1,282 4,342	49.86 43.43 66.45 49.53	47.97; 51.76 42.78; 44.09 63.87. 69.04 48.05; 51.02	1,800 7,473 1,206 2,084	30.94 25.06 39.88 31.28	28.80; 33.08 24.08; 26.04 37.11; 42.65 29.29; 33.27

Variables	Crude PR	95%CI	Adjusted PR	95%CI
Age
Less than 30 years	1.00		1.00
30-39 years	1.51	1.45; 1.57	1.40	1.34; 1.46
40 +	1.71	1.64; 1.78	1.55	1.49; 1.62
Marital status
Other	1.00		1.00
Married	1.47	1.42; 1.53	1.28	1.23; 1.33
Education level
Incomplete elementary school	1.00		1.00
Complete elementary school	0.95	0.90; 1.01	1.04	0.98; 1.10
Complete high school	0.98	0.94; 1.02	1.11	1.06; 1.16
Complete higher education	1.26	1.20; 1.34	1.33	1.26; 1.40
Gross family income*
Up to 600 reais	1.00		1.00
601 to 1,500 reais	1.26	1.21; 1.32	1.19	1.14; 1.24
≥1,501 reais	1.54	1.48; 1.61	1.36	1.29; 1.43
Industry size
Small	1.00		1.00
Medium-sized	1.08	1.03; 1.12	1.06	1.02; 1.11
Large	1.12	1.07; 1.17	1.07	1.02; 1.12
Region
South	1.00		1.00
Southeast	0.95	0.89; 1.02	1.03	0.99; 1.08
Midwest	0.98	0.92; 1.04	0.97	0.92; 1.02
Northeast	1.07	1.02; 1.13	0.90	0.85; 0.95
North	0.97	0.92; 1.03	0.99	0.92; 1.06
Consumes soft drinks**
Never	1.00		1.00
1-3 days	0.92	0.87; 0.97	0.99	0.94; 1.05
4-6 days	0.91	0.86; 0.96	1.00	0.94; 1.07
7 days	0.92	0.85; 0.98	1.02	0.95; 1.10
Type of soft drink**
Does not consume	1.00		1.00
Regular	0.87	0.82; 0.92	0.94	0.88; 1.00
Diet/Light	1.33	1.22; 1.45	1.24	1.13; 1.36
Any	0.99	0.93; 1.06	1.06	0.98; 1.15

Variables	Crude PR	95%CI	Adjusted PR	95%CI
Age
Less than 30 years	1.00		1.00
30-39 years	1.87	1.73; 2.02	1.78	1.64; 1.93
40 +	2.48	2.29; 2.69	2.38	2.19; 2.58
Marital status
Other	1.00		1.00
Married	1.43	1.34; 1.52	1.26	1.18; 1.34
Education level
Incomplete elementary school	1.00		1.00
Complete elementary school	0.78	0.69; 0.87	0.90	0.80; 1.01
Complete high school	0.65	0.59; 0.71	0.84	0.76; 0.92
Complete higher education	0.61	0.55; 0.68	0.73	0.65; 0.81
Gross family income*
Up to 600 reais	1.00		1.00
601 to 1,500 reais	0.95	0.88; 1.02	0.95	0.88; 1.03
≥1,501 reais	0.92	0.84; 0.99	0.90	0.82; 0.99
Industry size
Small	1.00		1.00
Medium-sized	1.07	0.98; 1.17	1.11	1.01; 1.21
Large	1.17	1.07; 1.27	1.16	1.07; 1.27
Region
South	1.00		1.00
Southeast	0.94	0.84; 1.06	1.06	0.97; 1.16
Midwest	1.01	0.90; 1.13	0.91	0.81; 1.01
Northeast	1.25	1.14; 1.37	0.87	0.78; 0.98
North	1.06	0.96; 1.17	0.92	0.82; 1.04
Consumes soft drinks**
Never	1.00		1.00
1-3 days	0.94	0.86; 1.02	1.02	0.94; 1.12
4-6 days	0.83	0.74; 0.92	0.99	0.88; 1.11
7 days	0.89	0.78; 1.02	1.07	0.93; 1.24
Type of soft drink**
Does not consume	1.00		1.00
Regular	0.81	0.74; 0.89	0.89	0.79; 1.00
Diet/Light	1.29	1.14; 1.46	1.40	1.22; 1.61
Any	1.01	0.90; 1.13	1.12	0.98; 1.28

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[1] CONTRIBUTORS PM SILVEIRA and JA SILVA helped to conceive the study, review the literature, interpret the data, write and review the article, and approve the final version. KS SILVA helped to conceive the study, analyze and interpret the data, write and review the article, and approve the final version. ESA OLIVEIRA, MVG BARROS, and MV NAHAS created and coordinated the project, managed data collection, helped to outline the manuscript, and reviewed and approved the final article.