GOMES, Fabio da Silva; SILVA, Gulnar Azevedo e; CASTRO, Inês Rugani Ribeiro de

doi:10.1590/1678-98652017000200009

RESUMO

Objetivo:

Analisar o efeito do plantio de sementes e mudas de temperos ou hortaliças sobre a disponibilidade domiciliar de frutas e hortaliças no âmbito de um estudo de intervenção. Este combinou diversas ações de promoção do consumo de frutas e hortaliças em múltiplos cenários, como práticas educativas, visitas domiciliárias, distribuição de sementes e mudas de temperos ou hortaliças.

Métodos:

Foram analisados dados de 70 famílias selecionadas por meio de uma amostra estratificada. Esses dados permitiram inferir sobre o universo de 1.743 famílias que viviam em três comunidades de baixa renda da cidade do Rio de Janeiro. Três grupos definidos a posteriori foram comparados: não receberam sementes e mudas durante a intervenção; receberam mas não plantaram as sementes e mudas; e receberam e plantaram as sementes e mudas.

Resultados:

Dentre as famílias que não cultivavam frutas e hortaliças antes da intervenção, aquelas que receberam e plantaram sementes e mudas atingiram um aumento na disponibilidade domiciliar de frutas e hortaliças (Δ=+5,8 pontos percentuais) até três vezes maior (p<0,05) do que os experimentados pelas famílias que não receberam sementes e mudas (Δ=+1,8 pontos percentuais) ou que receberam mas não plantaram (Δ=+2,3 pontos percentuais). Dentre as famílias que já possuíam frutas e/ou hortaliças plantadas antes da intervenção, ao comparar os diferentes grupos, não foram encontradas diferenças na disponibilidade domiciliar de frutas e hortaliças.

Conclusão:

O plantio de sementes e mudas entregues às famílias que não cultivavam frutas e hortaliças antes da intervenção contribuiu para o efetivo aumento da disponibilidade domiciliar de desse tipo de alimento.

Palavras-chave:
Estudos de Avaliação; Cultivo de Alimentos; Promoção da Saúde; Participação Social; Hortaliças

[1] Correspondência para/Correspondence to: FS GOMES. E-mail: <fabiodasilvagomes@gmail.com>.

Average monthly household per capita income (R$)	Antares	(=781)	Cinco Marias (=788)		Cesário de Melo (=781)		All communities (=1,743)
	119	(89;149)^a	240	(191;289)^b	119	(84;261)^a,b	177	(150;204)
	%	95%CI	%	95%CI	%	95%CI	%	95%CI
Number of household members
4 or less	42.5	(16.5 ; 68.5)	41.0	(27.4 ; 54.6)	36.5	(4.7 ; 68.2)	41.2	(27.7 ; 54.8)
5 or more	57.5	(31.5 ; 83.5)	59.0	(45.4 ; 72.6)	63.5	(31.8 ; 95.3)	58.8	(45.2 ; 72.3)
Respondent's level of education	a		b		c
Illiterate	6.3	(0.0 ; 16.8)	0.0		0.0		2.7	(0.0 ; 7.3)
Literate	4.3	(0.0 ; 12.1)	0.0		0.0		1.9	(0.0 ; 5.3)
Incomplete Elementary and/or Middle School	41.0	(18.9 ; 63.1)	71.2	(59.0 ; 83.3)	36.4	(4.7 ; 68.2)	54.5	(42.8 ; 66.1)
Complete Elementary and/or Middle School	26.4	(9.7 ; 43.2)	13.7	(3.4 ; 24.0)	21.9	(0.0 ; 51.2)	20.1	(10.8 ; 29.3)
Incomplete High School	4.3	(0.0 ; 12.1)	8.5	(1.8 ; 15.2)	21.9	(0.0 ; 51.2)	8.0	(2.5 ; 13.5)
Complete High School	17.7	(0.0 ; 37.7)	4.7	(0.0 ; 9.8)	19.8	(0.0 ; 46.7)	11.9	(2.4 ; 21.4)
College/University or Graduate School	0.0		1.9	(0.0 ; 5.5)	0.0		0.9	(0.0 ; 2.5)
Families that grew fruits before the intervention	4.1	(0.0 ; 11.5)^a	54.5	(38.6 ; 70.4)^b	51.1	(24.2 ; 78.0)^b	31.6	(23.2 ; 40.0)
Families that grew vegetables before the intervention	9.8	(0.0 ; 20.6)	8.4	(0.4 ; 16.4)	14.6	(0.0 ; 40.4)	9.6	(3.1 ; 16.2)
Families that grew fruits and/or vegetables before the intervention	13.9	(0.8 ; 27.0)^a	59.6	(44.0 ; 75.2)^b	51.1	(24.2 ; 78.0)^b	38.3	(28.7 ; 47.8)
Families that received herb or vegetable seeds and seedlings	54.5	(28.5 ; 80.5)	67.4	(52.4 ; 82.3)	48.7	(19.6 ; 77.7)	59.8	(45.9 ; 73.7)
Families that planted seeds and/or seedlings they received	29.4	(2.0 ; 56.8)	41.5	(20.2 ; 62.9)	8.5	(0.0 ; 24.1)	31.1	(15.9 ; 46.2)

Average monthly household per capita income (R$)	Did not receive herb or vegetable SSds (=660)		Received SSds but did not plant them (=567)		Received and planted SSds (=307)
	161	(106 ; 215)	149	(105 ; 193)		155	(131 ; 180)
	%	95%CI	%	95%CI	%	95%CI
Number of household members	a		a		b
4 or less	41.6	(21.2 ; 62.1)	30.3	(11.0 ; 49.6)		75.4	(52.1 ; 92.7)
5 or more	58.4	(37.9 ; 78.8)	69.7	(50.4 ; 89.0)		24.6	(1.3 ; 47.9)
Respondent's level of education	a		a			b
Illiterate	0.0		8.3	(0.0 ; 21.1)		0.0
Literate	0.0		5.6	(4.3 ; 15.6)		0.0
Incomplete elementary and/or middle school	43.6	(25.0 ; 62.2)	45.4	(25.6 ; 65.3)		78.8	(58.4 ; 99.1)
Complete elementary and/or middle school	24.4	(8.4 ; 40.3)	24.8	(6.5 ; 43.3)		16.4	(0.0 ; 34.7)
Incomplete high school	15.2	(1.9 ; 28.5)	5.3	(0.0 ; 12.0)		0.0
Complete high school	16.8	(0.0 ; 35.4)	10.5	(0.0 ; 24.2)		0.0
College/University or graduate school	0.0		0.0			4.8	(0.0 ; 14.1)
Families that grew F before the intervention	44.6	(26.7 ; 62.5)	23.6	(9.7 ; 37.5)		16.4	(0.0 ; 34.7)
Families that grew V before the intervention	11.3	(0.0 ; 23.7)	12.0	(0.0 ; 25.6)		8.2	(0.0 ; 22.9)
Families that grew F and/or V before the intervention	50.4	(31.7 ; 69.1)	33.0	(15.3 ; 50.6)		24.6	(1.3 ; 47.9)
Families with children attending schools that participated in the intervention	48.0	(28.8 ; 67.1)	72.0	(54.3 ; 89.8)		72.8	(47.3 ; 98.3)
Exposure of the families to the actions for the promotion of FV consumption carried out by the CHWs	a		b			b
Families visited <1 per month; the CHW rarely/never mentioned FV	53.7	(34.4 ; 72.9)	32.7	(12.8 ; 52.6)		31.3	(6.4 ; 56.1)
Families visited <1 per month; the CHW sometimes mentioned FV	0.0		0.0			0.0
Families visited <1 per month; the CHW always mentioned FV	3.8	(0.0 ; 10.7)	24.1	(4.0; 44.2)		30.2	(0.0 ; 62.6)
Families visited 1-3 times per month; the CHW rarely/never mentioned FV	14.8	(2.88 ; 26.7)	14.8	(2.7 ; 27.0)		29.5	(3.4 ; 55.7)
Families visited 1-3 times per month; the CHW sometimes mentioned FV	18.9	(0.2 ; 37.7)	0.0			0.0
Families visited 1-3 times per month; the CHW always mentioned FV	4.8	(0.0 ; 13.5)	11.3	(0.0 ; 23.7)		4.1	(0.0 ; 11.9)
Families visited once per month; the CHW rarely/never mentioned FV	0.0		10.2	(0.0 ; 21.3)		0.0
Families visited once per month; the CHW sometimes mentioned FV	0.0		0.0			4.8	(0.0 ; 14.1)
Families visited once per month; the CHW always mentioned FV	3.8	(0.0 ; 10.7)	6.8	(0.0 ; 15.8)		0.0

Families that grew fruits and/or vegetables before the intervention
Availability*	Did not receive herb or vegetable seeds and seedlings		Received but did not plant the seeds and seedlings		Received and planted the seeds and seedlings
Availability*	Mean	(95%CI)	Mean	(95%CI)	Mean	(95%CI)
Before^†	2.8	(1.6 ; 5.0)	1.6	(0.7 ; 3.6)	3.6	(1.8 ; 7.2)
After^†	5.1	(3.3 ; 8.0)	4.7	(1.9 ; 12.0)	4.7	(3.1 ; 7.1)
Variation¹	2.3	(1.1 ; 3.6)	2.2	(0.4 ; 4.1)	1.6	(-0.3 ; 3.6)
Variation²	2.8	(1.3 ; 4.4)	2.4	(0.5 ; 4.4)	1.6	(-0.4 ; 3.8)
Variation³	3.0	(1.2 ; 4.9)	2.1	(0.3 ; 3.9)	2.5	(0.4 ; 4.8)
Variation⁴	4.9	(2.0 ; 7.9)	3.9	(0.8 ; 7.1)	4.3	(0.8 ; 8.1)
Families that did not grow fruits and/or vegetables before the intervention				(0.8 ; 7.1)	4.3	(0.8 ; 8.1)
Availability*	Did not receive herb or vegetable seeds and seedlings		Received but did not plant the seeds and seedlings		Received and planted the seeds and seedlings
Availability*	Mean	(95%CI)	Mean	(95%CI)	Mean	(95%CI)
Before^†	3.4	(1.6 ; 7.1)^a	3.4	(2.0 ; 5.7)^a	2.6	(1.3 ; 5.3)^a
After^†	4.5	(2.9 ; 7.0)^a	4.8	(3.0 ; 7.7)^a	8.4	(6.9 ; 10.2)^b
Variation¹	1.8	(0.0 ; 3.7)^a	2.3	(1.0 ; 3.6)^a	5.8	(4.4 ; 7.3)^b
Variation²	2.3	(0.1 ; 4.5)^a	2.9	(1.2 ; 4.7)^a	6.0	(4.5 ; 7.5)^b
Variation³	3.3	(0.1 ; 6.7)^a	3.5	(0.7 ; 6.6)^a	6.1	(3.6 ; 8.7)^b
Variation⁴	5.1	(0.5 ; 10.2)^a	5.4	(1.6 ; 9.5)^a	8.0	(4.4 ; 11.9)^b