OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to describe the food insecurity profile and its relationship with the nutritional status of adolescents and adults of two cities in Northeast Brazil: (Gameleira (PE), located in the sugarcane area of Pernambuco and São João do Tigre (PB), located in the semiarid area of Paraíba), both characterized by a low human development index. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study with 501 families from Gameleira (PE) and 458 families from São João do Tigre (PB), totaling 1 528 adolescents and 1 163 adults. Food insecurity was determined by Cornell's questionnaire (United States of America), localized for Brazil (Brazilian Food Insecurity Scale) while the nutritional status was determined by calculating the body mass index. RESULTS: Almost 90% of the families of both cities were on food insecurity. Moderate food insecurity was more common in São João do Tigre (PB) (40.2%) and severe food insecurity in Gameleira (PE) (36.9%). In the two cities, food insecurity prevailed in families with adolescents. There was a low prevalence of low weight-forheight (proxy for malnutrition) in all age groups, and a high prevalence (58.6%) of overweight and obesity in adults 40 years or older in São João do Tigre. There was no statistical association between moderate and severe food insecurity and malnutrition. CONCLUSION: The Brazilian scale to assess food insecurity is more of a psychosocial indicator of vulnerability. Under the anthropometric standpoint, the malnutrition rates found by this study among adolescents and adults were not consistent with their food insecurity statuses, even though poverty in these populations was widespread.
Adults; Nutritional status; Cross-sectional studies; Adolescent health; Food security
