Relação das condições sociodemográficas com a formação da imagem corporal em adolescentes brasileiros

BATISTA, Leticia Spricido; GONÇALVES, Hélida Ventura Barbosa; BANDONI, Daniel Henrique

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Brasil

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Sumário

ORIGINAL • Rev Nutr 34 • 2021 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-9865202134e210056 copiar

Relação das condições sociodemográficas com a formação da imagem corporal em adolescentes brasileiros

Autoria SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

RESUMO

Objetivo

Investigar as associações das condições sociodemográficas com a imagem corporal dos adolescentes no âmbito populacional.

Métodos

Trata-se de um estudo transversal, o qual utilizou dados da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde do Escolar (PeNSE) realizada em 2015. Para analisar as relações das condições sociodemográficas com a imagem corporal, foram avaliados alunos de escolas públicas e privadas das capitais brasileiras e no Distrito Federal. As análises ocorreram por meio de modelo de regressão de Poisson, gerando razões de prevalências ajustadas e seus respectivos IC95%. Nos modelos múltiplos, foram incluídas as variáveis sociodemográficas que estivessem significativamente associadas às variáveis de imagem corporal (p<0,05) ou que alterassem as razões de prevalência em pelo menos 10%.

Resultados

A pesquisa envolveu 10.926 escolares. As análises mostraram que, quanto mais velhos os adolescentes, maior a insatisfação com o corpo. Quanto à dependência administrativa da escola, os alunos de instituições privadas são mais infelizes com a imagem (meninas: 33% e meninos: 17,6%) e tendem a ter mais atitudes para perder peso (meninas: 42,8% e meninos: 28%). O grau de instrução da mãe favorece as filhas a estarem mais insatisfeitas com o corpo (33,3%) e os filhos a apresentarem mais atitudes para perder peso (26,6%).

Conclusão

Condições sociodemográficas se relacionam à imagem corporal de adolescentes de maneira direta e indireta. Desvios negativos na imagem corporal podem resultar em distúrbios alimentares e sociais, prejudicando o desenvolvimento desses púberes. As consequências dessas ações se tornam um risco para a saúde e para o bem-estar psicológico, o que apoia a necessidade de iniciativas de programas voltados para questões relacionadas à imagem corporal no ambiente escolar.

Palavras-chave
Imagem corporal; Aparência física; Adolescente; Saúde pública

Variables		Feeling about own body
		Female						Male
		Satisfied			Unsatisfied			Satisfied			Unsatisfied
		Adjusted PR ^ Adjusted for socioeconomic variables associated with body image: region, race/color, age, living with mother, living with father, maternal education, administrative structure. CES: Complete Elementary School; CHE: Complete Higher Education; CHS: Complete High School; CI: Confidence Interval; DNI: Did Not Inform; IES: Incomplete Elementary School; IHE: Incomplete Higher Education; IHS: Incomplete High School; NS: No Study; PR: Prevalence Reason.	95% CI		Adjusted PR ^ Adjusted for socioeconomic variables associated with body image: region, race/color, age, living with mother, living with father, maternal education, administrative structure. CES: Complete Elementary School; CHE: Complete Higher Education; CHS: Complete High School; CI: Confidence Interval; DNI: Did Not Inform; IES: Incomplete Elementary School; IHE: Incomplete Higher Education; IHS: Incomplete High School; NS: No Study; PR: Prevalence Reason.	95% CI		Adjusted PR ^ Adjusted for socioeconomic variables associated with body image: region, race/color, age, living with mother, living with father, maternal education, administrative structure. CES: Complete Elementary School; CHE: Complete Higher Education; CHS: Complete High School; CI: Confidence Interval; DNI: Did Not Inform; IES: Incomplete Elementary School; IHE: Incomplete Higher Education; IHS: Incomplete High School; NS: No Study; PR: Prevalence Reason.	95% CI		Adjusted PR ^ Adjusted for socioeconomic variables associated with body image: region, race/color, age, living with mother, living with father, maternal education, administrative structure. CES: Complete Elementary School; CHE: Complete Higher Education; CHS: Complete High School; CI: Confidence Interval; DNI: Did Not Inform; IES: Incomplete Elementary School; IHE: Incomplete Higher Education; IHS: Incomplete High School; NS: No Study; PR: Prevalence Reason.	95% CI
Region
	North	1	-	-	1	-	-	1	-	-	1	-	-
	Northeast	1.040	0.74	1.46	0.94 ^* * Significant variables (p<0.05) in Poisson regression mode;	0.63	1.39	1.02 ^* * Significant variables (p<0.05) in Poisson regression mode;	0.76	1.37	1.41	0.98	2.01
	Southeast	0.860	0.61	1.21	1.02 ^* * Significant variables (p<0.05) in Poisson regression mode;	0.69	1.50	1.01 ^* * Significant variables (p<0.05) in Poisson regression mode;	0.75	1.37	1.27	0.89	1.83
	South	0.870	0.62	1.22	1.43 ^* * Significant variables (p<0.05) in Poisson regression mode;	0.96	2.11	0.81 ^* * Significant variables (p<0.05) in Poisson regression mode;	0.61	1.07	1.04	0.73	1.49
	Midwest	0.850	0.61	1.19	1.07 ^* * Significant variables (p<0.05) in Poisson regression mode;	0.73	1.57	0.91 ^* * Significant variables (p<0.05) in Poisson regression mode;	0.68	1.23	1.13	0.8	1.59
Race/color
	White	1	-	-	1	-	-	1	-	-	1	-	-
	Black	1.340	0.90	2.01	1.42 ^* * Significant variables (p<0.05) in Poisson regression mode;	0.87	2.30	1.45 ^* * Significant variables (p<0.05) in Poisson regression mode;	1.01	2.10	1.06	0.7	1.60
	Asian	0.640	0.39	1.06	0.96 ^* * Significant variables (p<0.05) in Poisson regression mode;	0.57	1.61	1.16 ^* * Significant variables (p<0.05) in Poisson regression mode;	0.74	1.83	1.11	0.58	2.09
	Mixed race	1.050	0.82	1.33	1.13 ^* * Significant variables (p<0.05) in Poisson regression mode;	0.87	1.47	1.16 ^* * Significant variables (p<0.05) in Poisson regression mode;	0.93	1.44	1.01	0.72	1.40
	Indigenous	0.950	0.50	1.77	0.85 ^* * Significant variables (p<0.05) in Poisson regression mode;	0.42	1.75	1.01 ^* * Significant variables (p<0.05) in Poisson regression mode;	0.55	1.84	1.03	0.52	2.05
Age
	under 13 years old	1	-	-	1	-	-	1	-	-	1	-	-
	13 years	0.970	0.68	1.39	1.27 ^* * Significant variables (p<0.05) in Poisson regression mode;	0.94	1.71	1.01 ^* * Significant variables (p<0.05) in Poisson regression mode;	0.75	1.34	1.01	0.65	1.55
	14 years	0.960	0.71	1.29	1.54 ^* * Significant variables (p<0.05) in Poisson regression mode;	1.08	2.19	0.87 ^* * Significant variables (p<0.05) in Poisson regression mode;	0.64	1.19	0.85	0.59	1.23
	15 years	0.820	0.62	1.09	1.53 ^* * Significant variables (p<0.05) in Poisson regression mode;	1.13	2.06	0.59 ^* * Significant variables (p<0.05) in Poisson regression mode;	0.45	0.79	0.71	0.47	1.07
	Over 16 years old	0.900	0.68	1.19	1.64 ^* * Significant variables (p<0.05) in Poisson regression mode;	1.19	2.26	0.71 ^* * Significant variables (p<0.05) in Poisson regression mode;	0.54	0.95	0.97	0.68	1.39
Living with mother
	No	0.750	0.53	1.07	0.91 ^* * Significant variables (p<0.05) in Poisson regression mode;	0.65	1.28	0.99 ^* * Significant variables (p<0.05) in Poisson regression mode;	0.74	1.31	1.03	0.68	1.57
Living with father
	No	0.940	0.75	1.17	0.94 ^* * Significant variables (p<0.05) in Poisson regression mode;	0.74	1.20	1.07 ^* * Significant variables (p<0.05) in Poisson regression mode;	0.84	1.35	1.1	0.84	1.44
Maternal education
	NS	1	-	-	1	-	-	1	-	-	1	-	-
	IES	1.010	0.61	1.64	1.6 ^ Adjusted for socioeconomic variables associated with body image: region, race/color, age, living with mother, living with father, maternal education, administrative structure. CES: Complete Elementary School; CHE: Complete Higher Education; CHS: Complete High School; CI: Confidence Interval; DNI: Did Not Inform; IES: Incomplete Elementary School; IHE: Incomplete Higher Education; IHS: Incomplete High School; NS: No Study; PR: Prevalence Reason.	0.85	2.98	0.90 ^* * Significant variables (p<0.05) in Poisson regression mode;	0.48	1.67	0.78	0.34	1.82
	CES	1.420	0.80	2.52	1.37 ^* * Significant variables (p<0.05) in Poisson regression mode;	0.60	3.10	0.86 ^* * Significant variables (p<0.05) in Poisson regression mode;	0.41	1.8	0.59	0.23	1.49
	IHS	0.790	0.45	1.41	1.17 ^* * Significant variables (p<0.05) in Poisson regression mode;	0.54	2.50	1.15 ^* * Significant variables (p<0.05) in Poisson regression mode;	0.55	2.39	1.53	0.60	3.9
	CHS	0.830	0.51	1.36	1.68 ^* * Significant variables (p<0.05) in Poisson regression mode;	0.88	3.18	0.96 ^* * Significant variables (p<0.05) in Poisson regression mode;	0.49	1.85	1.22	0.52	2.85
	IHE	1.010	0.55	1.87	2.36 ^* * Significant variables (p<0.05) in Poisson regression mode;	1.04	5.36	0.63 ^* * Significant variables (p<0.05) in Poisson regression mode;	0.31	1.27	0.91	0.33	2.47
	CHE	0.990	0.59	1.69	1.84 ^* * Significant variables (p<0.05) in Poisson regression mode;	0.92	3.67	0.81 ^* * Significant variables (p<0.05) in Poisson regression mode;	0.41	1.6	1.07	0.44	2.58
	DNI	1.280	0.79	2.07	1.52 ^* * Significant variables (p<0.05) in Poisson regression mode;	0.81	2.85	1.29 ^* * Significant variables (p<0.05) in Poisson regression mode;	0.68	2.43	1.52	0.64	3.59
Administrative structure of the school
	Public	1	-	-	1	-	-	1	-	-	1	-	-
	Private	0.76 ^* * Significant variables (p<0.05) in Poisson regression mode;	0.59	0.99	1.32 ^* * Significant variables (p<0.05) in Poisson regression mode;	0.98	1.79	0.71 ^* * Significant variables (p<0.05) in Poisson regression mode;	0.55	0.92	1.08	0.77	1.51

Variables		Feeling about own body
		Female			Male
		Unimportant			Unimportant
		Adjusted PR ^ Adjusted for socioeconomic variables associated with body image: region, race/color, age, mother lives, father lives, maternal education, administrative dependence. CES: Complete Elementary School; CHE: Complete Higher Education; CHS: Complete High School; CI: Confidence Interval; DNI: Did Not Inform; IES: Incomplete Elementary School; IHE: Incomplete Higher Education; IHS: Incomplete High School; NS: No Study; PR: Prevalence Reason.	95% CI		Adjusted PR ^ Adjusted for socioeconomic variables associated with body image: region, race/color, age, mother lives, father lives, maternal education, administrative dependence. CES: Complete Elementary School; CHE: Complete Higher Education; CHS: Complete High School; CI: Confidence Interval; DNI: Did Not Inform; IES: Incomplete Elementary School; IHE: Incomplete Higher Education; IHS: Incomplete High School; NS: No Study; PR: Prevalence Reason.	95% CI
Region
	North	1.00 ^* * Significant variables (p<0.05) in Poisson regression model;	-	-	1.00 ^* * Significant variables (p<0.05) in Poisson regression model;	-	-
	Northeast	0.81 ^* * Significant variables (p<0.05) in Poisson regression model;	0.62	1.04	0.99 ^* * Significant variables (p<0.05) in Poisson regression model;	0.79	1.24
	Southeast	0.82 ^* * Significant variables (p<0.05) in Poisson regression model;	0.64	1.04	0.98 ^* * Significant variables (p<0.05) in Poisson regression model;	0.78	1.23
	South	0.91 ^* * Significant variables (p<0.05) in Poisson regression model;	0.70	1.17	1.08 ^* * Significant variables (p<0.05) in Poisson regression model;	0.86	1.36
	Midwest	0.76 ^* * Significant variables (p<0.05) in Poisson regression model;	0.60	0.96	0.99 ^* * Significant variables (p<0.05) in Poisson regression model;	0.79	1.25
Race/color
	White	1.00 ^* * Significant variables (p<0.05) in Poisson regression model;	-	-	1.00 ^* * Significant variables (p<0.05) in Poisson regression model;	-	-
	Black	0.96 ^* * Significant variables (p<0.05) in Poisson regression model;	0.72	1.29	1.03 ^* * Significant variables (p<0.05) in Poisson regression model;	0.82	1.28
	Asian	1.66 ^* * Significant variables (p<0.05) in Poisson regression model;	1.06	2.61	0.99 ^* * Significant variables (p<0.05) in Poisson regression model;	0.65	1.50
	Mixed race	1.10 ^* * Significant variables (p<0.05) in Poisson regression model;	0.90	1.35	0.93 ^* * Significant variables (p<0.05) in Poisson regression model;	0.77	1.11
	Indigenous	1.07 ^* * Significant variables (p<0.05) in Poisson regression model;	0.68	1.69	1.26 ^* * Significant variables (p<0.05) in Poisson regression model;	0.88	1.82
Age
	Under 13 years old	1.00 ^* * Significant variables (p<0.05) in Poisson regression model;	-	-	1.00 ^* * Significant variables (p<0.05) in Poisson regression model;	-	-
	13 years	0.72 ^* * Significant variables (p<0.05) in Poisson regression model;	0.53	0.97	1.02 ^* * Significant variables (p<0.05) in Poisson regression model;	0.81	1.29
	14 years	1.15 ^* * Significant variables (p<0.05) in Poisson regression model;	0.93	1.42	0.97 ^* * Significant variables (p<0.05) in Poisson regression model;	0.78	1.20
	15 years	1.09 ^* * Significant variables (p<0.05) in Poisson regression model;	0.87	1.37	0.81 ^* * Significant variables (p<0.05) in Poisson regression model;	0.64	1.03
	Over 16 years old	0.85 ^* * Significant variables (p<0.05) in Poisson regression model;	0.65	1.11	0.81 ^* * Significant variables (p<0.05) in Poisson regression model;	0.64	1.03
Lives with the mother
	No	1.17 ^* * Significant variables (p<0.05) in Poisson regression model;	0.91	1.50	1.01 ^* * Significant variables (p<0.05) in Poisson regression model;	0.77	1.32
Lives with the father
	No	0.94 ^* * Significant variables (p<0.05) in Poisson regression model;	0.79	1.12	0.91 ^* * Significant variables (p<0.05) in Poisson regression model;	0.75	1.10
Maternal education
	NS	1.00 ^* * Significant variables (p<0.05) in Poisson regression model;	-	-	1.00 ^* * Significant variables (p<0.05) in Poisson regression model;	-	-
	IES	0.99 ^* * Significant variables (p<0.05) in Poisson regression model;	0.61	1.58	1.12 ^* * Significant variables (p<0.05) in Poisson regression model;	0.76	1.65
	CES	1.06 ^* * Significant variables (p<0.05) in Poisson regression model;	0.66	1.68	1.41 ^* * Significant variables (p<0.05) in Poisson regression model;	0.89	2.24
	IHS	1.32 ^* * Significant variables (p<0.05) in Poisson regression model;	0.76	2.28	1.35 ^* * Significant variables (p<0.05) in Poisson regression model;	0.83	2.20
	CHS	1.22 ^* * Significant variables (p<0.05) in Poisson regression model;	0.75	1.96	1.27 ^* * Significant variables (p<0.05) in Poisson regression model;	0.88	1.84
	IHE	1.37 ^* * Significant variables (p<0.05) in Poisson regression model;	0.78	2.38	1.47 ^* * Significant variables (p<0.05) in Poisson regression model;	0.91	2.36
	CHE	1.10 ^* * Significant variables (p<0.05) in Poisson regression model;	0.68	1.78	1.57 ^* * Significant variables (p<0.05) in Poisson regression model;	1.07	2.30
	DNI	1.29 ^* * Significant variables (p<0.05) in Poisson regression model;	0.82	2.02	1.55 ^* * Significant variables (p<0.05) in Poisson regression model;	1.06	2.29
Administrative dependence of the school
	Public	1.00 ^* * Significant variables (p<0.05) in Poisson regression model;	-	-	1.00 ^* * Significant variables (p<0.05) in Poisson regression model;	-	-
	Private	0.92 ^* * Significant variables (p<0.05) in Poisson regression model;	0.77	1.10	0.89 ^* * Significant variables (p<0.05) in Poisson regression model;	0.72	1.09

		Attitude towards own weight
		Female
		Lose weight			Gain weight			Keep weight
		Adjusted PR ^** Adjusted for socioeconomic variables associated with body image: region, race/color, age, lives with the mother, lives with the father, maternal education, school administrative structure. CES: Complete Elementary School; CHE: Complete Higher Education; CHS: Complete High School; CI: Confidence Interval; DNI: Did Not Inform; IES: Incomplete Elementary School; IHE: Incomplete Higher Education; IHS: Incomplete High School; NS: No Study; PR: Prevalence Reason.	95% CI		Adjusted PR ^** Adjusted for socioeconomic variables associated with body image: region, race/color, age, lives with the mother, lives with the father, maternal education, school administrative structure. CES: Complete Elementary School; CHE: Complete Higher Education; CHS: Complete High School; CI: Confidence Interval; DNI: Did Not Inform; IES: Incomplete Elementary School; IHE: Incomplete Higher Education; IHS: Incomplete High School; NS: No Study; PR: Prevalence Reason.	95% CI		Adjusted PR ^** Adjusted for socioeconomic variables associated with body image: region, race/color, age, lives with the mother, lives with the father, maternal education, school administrative structure. CES: Complete Elementary School; CHE: Complete Higher Education; CHS: Complete High School; CI: Confidence Interval; DNI: Did Not Inform; IES: Incomplete Elementary School; IHE: Incomplete Higher Education; IHS: Incomplete High School; NS: No Study; PR: Prevalence Reason.	95% CI
Region
	North	1.00 ^* * Significant variables (p<0.05) in Poisson regression model;	-	-	1.00 ^* * Significant variables (p<0.05) in Poisson regression model;	-	-	1.00 ^* * Significant variables (p<0.05) in Poisson regression model;	-	-
	Northeast	0.76 ^* * Significant variables (p<0.05) in Poisson regression model;	0.58	1.01	1.13 ^* * Significant variables (p<0.05) in Poisson regression model;	0.86	1.47	1.30 ^* * Significant variables (p<0.05) in Poisson regression model;	0.92	1.83
	Southeast	1.06 ^* * Significant variables (p<0.05) in Poisson regression model;	0.81	1.38	0.79 ^* * Significant variables (p<0.05) in Poisson regression model;	0.60	1.05	1.01 ^* * Significant variables (p<0.05) in Poisson regression model;	0.72	1.40
	South	1.32 ^* * Significant variables (p<0.05) in Poisson regression model;	1.00	1.75	0.71 ^* * Significant variables (p<0.05) in Poisson regression model;	0.52	0.97	1.35 ^* * Significant variables (p<0.05) in Poisson regression model;	0.95	1.93
	Midwest	1.12 ^* * Significant variables (p<0.05) in Poisson regression model;	0.87	1.46	0.97 ^* * Significant variables (p<0.05) in Poisson regression model;	0.73	1.29	1.25 ^* * Significant variables (p<0.05) in Poisson regression model;	0.89	1.73
Race/color
	White	1.00 ^* * Significant variables (p<0.05) in Poisson regression model;	-	-	1.00 ^* * Significant variables (p<0.05) in Poisson regression model;	-	-	1.00 ^* * Significant variables (p<0.05) in Poisson regression model;	-	-
	Black	1.05 ^* * Significant variables (p<0.05) in Poisson regression model;	0.81	1.36	0.93 ^* * Significant variables (p<0.05) in Poisson regression model;	0.65	1.34	1.01 ^* * Significant variables (p<0.05) in Poisson regression model;	0.73	1.38
	Asian	1.20 ^* * Significant variables (p<0.05) in Poisson regression model;	0.83	1.74	1.04 ^* * Significant variables (p<0.05) in Poisson regression model;	0.66	1.64	1.02 ^* * Significant variables (p<0.05) in Poisson regression model;	0.70	1.48
	Mixed race	1.02 ^* * Significant variables (p<0.05) in Poisson regression model;	0.87	1.19	1.00 ^* * Significant variables (p<0.05) in Poisson regression model;	0.81	1.24	1.01 ^* * Significant variables (p<0.05) in Poisson regression model;	0.82	1.24
	Indigenous	1.43 ^* * Significant variables (p<0.05) in Poisson regression model;	0.97	2.10	0.98 ^* * Significant variables (p<0.05) in Poisson regression model;	0.58	1.67	0.99 ^* * Significant variables (p<0.05) in Poisson regression model;	0.54	1.82
Age
	Under 13 years old	1.00 ^* * Significant variables (p<0.05) in Poisson regression model;	-	-	1.00 ^* * Significant variables (p<0.05) in Poisson regression model;	-	-	1.00 ^* * Significant variables (p<0.05) in Poisson regression model;	-	-
	13 years old	0.79 ^* * Significant variables (p<0.05) in Poisson regression model;	0.63	0.98	0.95 ^* * Significant variables (p<0.05) in Poisson regression model;	0.71	1.26	0.87 ^* * Significant variables (p<0.05) in Poisson regression model;	0.69	1.10
	14 years old	1.03 ^* * Significant variables (p<0.05) in Poisson regression model;	0.85	1.24	1.25 ^* * Significant variables (p<0.05) in Poisson regression model;	0.93	1.69	0.89 ^* * Significant variables (p<0.05) in Poisson regression model;	0.67	1.19
	15 years old	1.15 ^* * Significant variables (p<0.05) in Poisson regression model;	0.93	1.44	1.45 ^* * Significant variables (p<0.05) in Poisson regression model;	1.05	2.00	1.08 ^* * Significant variables (p<0.05) in Poisson regression model;	0.83	1.40
	Over 16 years old	1.04 ^* * Significant variables (p<0.05) in Poisson regression model;	0.83	1.29	1.40 ^* * Significant variables (p<0.05) in Poisson regression model;	1.09	1.80	0.91 ^* * Significant variables (p<0.05) in Poisson regression model;	0.69	1.19
Lives with the mother
	No	1.13 ^* * Significant variables (p<0.05) in Poisson regression model;	0.89	1.43	0.95 ^* * Significant variables (p<0.05) in Poisson regression model;	0.68	1.34	1.01 ^* * Significant variables (p<0.05) in Poisson regression model;	0.69	1.48
Lives with the father
	No	0.94 ^* * Significant variables (p<0.05) in Poisson regression model;	0.81	1.08	1.06 ^* * Significant variables (p<0.05) in Poisson regression model;	0.85	1.31	0.95 ^* * Significant variables (p<0.05) in Poisson regression model;	0.81	1.11
Maternal education
	NS	1.00 ^* * Significant variables (p<0.05) in Poisson regression model;	-	-	1.00 ^* * Significant variables (p<0.05) in Poisson regression model;	-	-	1.00 ^* * Significant variables (p<0.05) in Poisson regression model;	-	-
	IES	1.35 ^* * Significant variables (p<0.05) in Poisson regression model;	0.90	2.02	1.16 ^* * Significant variables (p<0.05) in Poisson regression model;	0.73	1.83	1.42 ^* * Significant variables (p<0.05) in Poisson regression model;	0.98	2.05
	CES	1.20 ^* * Significant variables (p<0.05) in Poisson regression model;	0.74	1.95	0.97 ^* * Significant variables (p<0.05) in Poisson regression model;	0.55	1.69	1.45 ^* * Significant variables (p<0.05) in Poisson regression model;	0.89	2.36
	IHS	1.57 ^* * Significant variables (p<0.05) in Poisson regression model;	0.98	2.51	1.23 ^* * Significant variables (p<0.05) in Poisson regression model;	0.73	2.05	1.58 ^* * Significant variables (p<0.05) in Poisson regression model;	0.97	2.58
	CHS	1.62 ^* * Significant variables (p<0.05) in Poisson regression model;	1.09	2.43	1.28 ^* * Significant variables (p<0.05) in Poisson regression model;	0.76	2.17	1.24 ^* * Significant variables (p<0.05) in Poisson regression model;	0.86	1.80
	IHE	1.75 ^* * Significant variables (p<0.05) in Poisson regression model;	1.09	2.80	1.02 ^* * Significant variables (p<0.05) in Poisson regression model;	0.54	1.94	1.25 ^* * Significant variables (p<0.05) in Poisson regression model;	0.72	2.19
	CHE	1.88 ^* * Significant variables (p<0.05) in Poisson regression model;	1.26	2.79	0.95 ^* * Significant variables (p<0.05) in Poisson regression model;	0.56	1.60	1.78 ^* * Significant variables (p<0.05) in Poisson regression model;	1.18	2.66
	DNI	1.02 ^* * Significant variables (p<0.05) in Poisson regression model;	0.71	1.47	0.90 ^* * Significant variables (p<0.05) in Poisson regression model;	0.53	1.51	0.96 ^* * Significant variables (p<0.05) in Poisson regression model;	0.66	1.38
Administrative structure of the school
	Public	1.00 ^* * Significant variables (p<0.05) in Poisson regression model;	-	-	1.00 ^* * Significant variables (p<0.05) in Poisson regression model;	-	-	1.00 ^* * Significant variables (p<0.05) in Poisson regression model;	-	-
	Private	1.67*	1.40	2.00	1.07 ^* * Significant variables (p<0.05) in Poisson regression model;	0.81	1.43	1.30 ^* * Significant variables (p<0.05) in Poisson regression model;	1.01	1.68

Variables		Attitude towards own weight
		Male
		Lose weight			Gain weight			Keep weight
		Adjusted PR ^ Adjusted for socioeconomic variables associated with body image: region, race/color, age, lives with the mother, lives with the father, maternal education, school administrative structure. CES: Complete Elementary School; CHE: Complete Higher Education; CHS: Complete High School; CI: Confidence Interval; DNI: Did Not Inform; IES: Incomplete Elementary School; IHE: Incomplete Higher Education; IHS: Incomplete High School; NS: No Study; PR: Prevalence Reason.	95% CI		Adjusted PR ^ Adjusted for socioeconomic variables associated with body image: region, race/color, age, lives with the mother, lives with the father, maternal education, school administrative structure. CES: Complete Elementary School; CHE: Complete Higher Education; CHS: Complete High School; CI: Confidence Interval; DNI: Did Not Inform; IES: Incomplete Elementary School; IHE: Incomplete Higher Education; IHS: Incomplete High School; NS: No Study; PR: Prevalence Reason.	95% CI		Adjusted PR ^ Adjusted for socioeconomic variables associated with body image: region, race/color, age, lives with the mother, lives with the father, maternal education, school administrative structure. CES: Complete Elementary School; CHE: Complete Higher Education; CHS: Complete High School; CI: Confidence Interval; DNI: Did Not Inform; IES: Incomplete Elementary School; IHE: Incomplete Higher Education; IHS: Incomplete High School; NS: No Study; PR: Prevalence Reason.	95% CI
Region
	North	1.00 ^* * Significant variables (p<0.05) in Poisson regression model.	-	-	1.00 ^* * Significant variables (p<0.05) in Poisson regression model.	-	-	1.00	-	-
	Northeast	0.98 ^* * Significant variables (p<0.05) in Poisson regression model.	0.73	1.32	0.96 ^* * Significant variables (p<0.05) in Poisson regression model.	0.74	1.25	Male	0.61	1.18
	Southeast	0.99 ^* * Significant variables (p<0.05) in Poisson regression model.	0.75	1.30	0.73 ^* * Significant variables (p<0.05) in Poisson regression model.	0.56	0.95	0.93	0.70	1.23
	South	1.14 ^* * Significant variables (p<0.05) in Poisson regression model.	0.88	1.48	0.77 ^* * Significant variables (p<0.05) in Poisson regression model.	0.59	1.01	0.95	0.71	1.27
	Midwest	1.14 ^* * Significant variables (p<0.05) in Poisson regression model.	0.87	1.51	0.78 ^* * Significant variables (p<0.05) in Poisson regression model.	0.59	1.02	1.01	0.76	1.36
Race/color
	White	1.00 ^* * Significant variables (p<0.05) in Poisson regression model.	-	-	1.00 ^* * Significant variables (p<0.05) in Poisson regression model.	-	-	1.00	-	-
	Black	0.71 ^* * Significant variables (p<0.05) in Poisson regression model.	0.55	0.92	1.14 ^* * Significant variables (p<0.05) in Poisson regression model.	0.86	1.50	1.02	0.78	1.33
	Asian	1.11 ^* * Significant variables (p<0.05) in Poisson regression model.	0.74	1.65	1.22 ^* * Significant variables (p<0.05) in Poisson regression model.	0.79	1.88	1.36	0.85	2.17
	Mixed race	1.01 ^* * Significant variables (p<0.05) in Poisson regression model.	0.83	1.23	1.14 ^* * Significant variables (p<0.05) in Poisson regression model.	0.90	1.45	0.97	0.79	1.19
	Indigenous	1.45 ^* * Significant variables (p<0.05) in Poisson regression model.	0.95	2.22	2.08 ^* * Significant variables (p<0.05) in Poisson regression model.	1.17	3.72	0.99	0.63	1.57
Age
	Under 13 years old	1.00 ^* * Significant variables (p<0.05) in Poisson regression model.	-	-	1.00 ^* * Significant variables (p<0.05) in Poisson regression model.	-	-	1.00	-	-
	13 years old	0.78 ^* * Significant variables (p<0.05) in Poisson regression model.	0.58	1.05	1.21 ^* * Significant variables (p<0.05) in Poisson regression model.	0.90	1.62	0.82	0.62	1.07
	14 years old	0.74 ^* * Significant variables (p<0.05) in Poisson regression model.	0.60	0.91	1.44 ^* * Significant variables (p<0.05) in Poisson regression model.	1.11	1.87	1.15	0.93	1.42
	15 years old	0.58 ^* * Significant variables (p<0.05) in Poisson regression model.	0.46	0.74	1.39 ^* * Significant variables (p<0.05) in Poisson regression model.	1.05	1.82	0.86	0.66	1.11
	Over 16 years old	0.71 ^* * Significant variables (p<0.05) in Poisson regression model.	0.58	0.87	1.61 ^* * Significant variables (p<0.05) in Poisson regression model.	1.28	2.03	0.84	0.64	1.11
Lives with the mother
	No	0.64 ^* * Significant variables (p<0.05) in Poisson regression model.	0.49	0.84	0.97 ^* * Significant variables (p<0.05) in Poisson regression model.	0.73	1.29	0.82	0.60	1.11
Lives with the father
	No	0.93 ^* * Significant variables (p<0.05) in Poisson regression model.	0.78	1.11	0.93 ^* * Significant variables (p<0.05) in Poisson regression model.	0.77	1.14	0.91	0.77	1.08
Maternal education
	NS	1.00 ^* * Significant variables (p<0.05) in Poisson regression model.	-	-	1.00 ^* * Significant variables (p<0.05) in Poisson regression model.	-	-	1.00	-	-
	IES	1.65 ^* * Significant variables (p<0.05) in Poisson regression model.	1.11	2.45	1.48 ^* * Significant variables (p<0.05) in Poisson regression model.	0.96	2.29	1.44	0.93	2.22
	CES	1.93 ^* * Significant variables (p<0.05) in Poisson regression model.	1.21	3.07	1.95 ^* * Significant variables (p<0.05) in Poisson regression model.	1.16	3.28	1.48	0.86	2.56
	IHS	1.75 ^* * Significant variables (p<0.05) in Poisson regression model.	1.09	2.80	2.08 ^* * Significant variables (p<0.05) in Poisson regression model.	1.30	3.33	1.47	0.89	2.42
	CHS	1.65 ^* * Significant variables (p<0.05) in Poisson regression model.	1.09	2.51	1.75 ^* * Significant variables (p<0.05) in Poisson regression model.	1.14	2.68	1.53	0.99	2.35
	IHE	2.69 ^* * Significant variables (p<0.05) in Poisson regression model.	1.65	4.40	2.95 ^* * Significant variables (p<0.05) in Poisson regression model.	1.68	5.17	1.76	1.00	3.10
	CHE	1.92 ^* * Significant variables (p<0.05) in Poisson regression model.	1.30	2.84	1.78 ^* * Significant variables (p<0.05) in Poisson regression model.	1.19	2.68	1.68*	1.02	2.77
	DNI	1.31 ^* * Significant variables (p<0.05) in Poisson regression model.	0.89	1.92	1.30	0.87	1.96	1.35	0.87	2.09
Administrative structure of the school
	Public	1	-	-	1	-	-	1	-	-
	Private	1.37 ^* * Significant variables (p<0.05) in Poisson regression model.	1.13	1.66	1.25 ^* * Significant variables (p<0.05) in Poisson regression model.	1.02	1.54	0.97	0.78	1.21

		Self-perception of body image
		Female						Male
		Skinny			Fat			Skinny			Fat
		Adjusted PR ^ Adjusted for socioeconomic variables associated with body image: region, race/color, age, lives with the mother, lives with the father, maternal education, school administrative structure. CES: Complete Elementary School; CHE: Complete Higher Education; CHS: Complete High School; CI: Confidence Interval; DNI: Did Not Inform; IES: Incomplete Elementary School; IHE: Incomplete Higher Education; IHS: Incomplete High School; NS: No Study; PR: Prevalence Reason.	95% CI		Adjusted PR ^ Adjusted for socioeconomic variables associated with body image: region, race/color, age, lives with the mother, lives with the father, maternal education, school administrative structure. CES: Complete Elementary School; CHE: Complete Higher Education; CHS: Complete High School; CI: Confidence Interval; DNI: Did Not Inform; IES: Incomplete Elementary School; IHE: Incomplete Higher Education; IHS: Incomplete High School; NS: No Study; PR: Prevalence Reason.	95% CI		Adjusted PR ^ Adjusted for socioeconomic variables associated with body image: region, race/color, age, lives with the mother, lives with the father, maternal education, school administrative structure. CES: Complete Elementary School; CHE: Complete Higher Education; CHS: Complete High School; CI: Confidence Interval; DNI: Did Not Inform; IES: Incomplete Elementary School; IHE: Incomplete Higher Education; IHS: Incomplete High School; NS: No Study; PR: Prevalence Reason.	95% CI		Adjusted PR ^ Adjusted for socioeconomic variables associated with body image: region, race/color, age, lives with the mother, lives with the father, maternal education, school administrative structure. CES: Complete Elementary School; CHE: Complete Higher Education; CHS: Complete High School; CI: Confidence Interval; DNI: Did Not Inform; IES: Incomplete Elementary School; IHE: Incomplete Higher Education; IHS: Incomplete High School; NS: No Study; PR: Prevalence Reason.	95% CI
Region
	North	1.00 ^* * Significant variables (p < 0.05) in Poisson regression model.	-	-	1.00 ^* * Significant variables (p < 0.05) in Poisson regression model.	-	-	1.00 ^* * Significant variables (p < 0.05) in Poisson regression model.	-	-	1.00 ^* * Significant variables (p < 0.05) in Poisson regression model.	-	-
	Northeast	1.04 ^* * Significant variables (p < 0.05) in Poisson regression model.	0.84	1.28	0.90 ^* * Significant variables (p < 0.05) in Poisson regression model.	0.69	1.17	1.34 ^* * Significant variables (p < 0.05) in Poisson regression model.	1.06	1.69	1.24 ^* * Significant variables (p < 0.05) in Poisson regression model.	0.94	1.64
	Southeast	1.28 ^* * Significant variables (p < 0.05) in Poisson regression model.	1.04	1.58	1.35 ^* * Significant variables (p < 0.05) in Poisson regression model.	1.04	1.74	1.23 ^* * Significant variables (p < 0.05) in Poisson regression model.	1.03	1.47	1.40 ^* * Significant variables (p < 0.05) in Poisson regression model.	1.08	1.81
	South	0.88 ^* * Significant variables (p < 0.05) in Poisson regression model.	0.69	1.12	1.61 ^* * Significant variables (p < 0.05) in Poisson regression model.	1.24	2.10	1.10 ^* * Significant variables (p < 0.05) in Poisson regression model.	0.88	1.38	1.39 ^* * Significant variables (p < 0.05) in Poisson regression model.	1.08	1.79
	Midwest	1.12 ^* * Significant variables (p < 0.05) in Poisson regression model.	0.89	1.39	1.33 ^* * Significant variables (p < 0.05) in Poisson regression model.	1.03	1.71	0.98 ^* * Significant variables (p < 0.05) in Poisson regression model.	0.77	1.24	1.25 ^* * Significant variables (p < 0.05) in Poisson regression model.	0.98	1.61
Race/color
	White	1.00 ^* * Significant variables (p < 0.05) in Poisson regression model.	-	-	1.00 ^* * Significant variables (p < 0.05) in Poisson regression model.	-	-	1.00 ^* * Significant variables (p < 0.05) in Poisson regression model.	-	-	1.00 ^* * Significant variables (p < 0.05) in Poisson regression model.	-	-
	Black	0.95 ^* * Significant variables (p < 0.05) in Poisson regression model.	0.74	1.24	1.24 ^* * Significant variables (p < 0.05) in Poisson regression model.	0.95	1.61	0.98 ^* * Significant variables (p < 0.05) in Poisson regression model.	0.79	1.22	0.68 ^* * Significant variables (p < 0.05) in Poisson regression model.	0.51	0.90
	Asian	1.45 ^* * Significant variables (p < 0.05) in Poisson regression model.	1.04	2.03	1.62*	1.15	2.30	0.95 ^* * Significant variables (p < 0.05) in Poisson regression model.	0.62	1.46	0.75 ^* * Significant variables (p < 0.05) in Poisson regression model.	0.43	1.28
	Mixed race	0.99 ^* * Significant variables (p < 0.05) in Poisson regression model.	0.82	1.20	1.13 ^* * Significant variables (p < 0.05) in Poisson regression model.	0.91	1.40	0.86 ^* * Significant variables (p < 0.05) in Poisson regression model.	0.73	1.01	0.88 ^* * Significant variables (p < 0.05) in Poisson regression model.	0.73	1.06
	Indigenous	0.76 ^* * Significant variables (p < 0.05) in Poisson regression model.	0.48	1.19	1.17 ^* * Significant variables (p < 0.05) in Poisson regression model.	0.74	1.85	1.01 ^* * Significant variables (p < 0.05) in Poisson regression model.	0.66	1.53	0.96 ^* * Significant variables (p < 0.05) in Poisson regression model.	0.64	1.45
Age
	Under 13 years old	1.00 ^* * Significant variables (p < 0.05) in Poisson regression model.	-	-	1.00 ^* * Significant variables (p < 0.05) in Poisson regression model.	-	-	1.00 ^* * Significant variables (p < 0.05) in Poisson regression model.	-	-	1.00 ^* * Significant variables (p < 0.05) in Poisson regression model.	-	-
	13 years old	1.51 ^* * Significant variables (p < 0.05) in Poisson regression model.	1.22	1.87	1.04 ^* * Significant variables (p < 0.05) in Poisson regression model.	0.81	1.33	1.24 ^* * Significant variables (p < 0.05) in Poisson regression model.	0.99	1.57	0.81 ^* * Significant variables (p < 0.05) in Poisson regression model.	0.60	1.08
	14 years old	1.47 ^* * Significant variables (p < 0.05) in Poisson regression model.	1.18	1.82	1.27 ^* * Significant variables (p < 0.05) in Poisson regression model.	1.02	1.59	1.28 ^* * Significant variables (p < 0.05) in Poisson regression model.	1.04	1.58	0.87 ^* * Significant variables (p < 0.05) in Poisson regression model.	0.66	1.14
	15 years old	1.28 ^* * Significant variables (p < 0.05) in Poisson regression model.	1.04	1.58	1.43 ^* * Significant variables (p < 0.05) in Poisson regression model.	1.18	1.72	1.38 ^* * Significant variables (p < 0.05) in Poisson regression model.	1.13	1.67	0.78 ^* * Significant variables (p < 0.05) in Poisson regression model.	0.59	1.04
	Over 16 years old	1.23 ^* * Significant variables (p < 0.05) in Poisson regression model.	1.02	1.48	1.50 ^* * Significant variables (p < 0.05) in Poisson regression model.	1.20	1.88	1.70 ^* * Significant variables (p < 0.05) in Poisson regression model.	1.35	2.13	0.90 ^* * Significant variables (p < 0.05) in Poisson regression model.	0.69	1.16
Living with mother
	No	1.00 ^* * Significant variables (p < 0.05) in Poisson regression model.	0.78	1.27	1.07 ^* * Significant variables (p < 0.05) in Poisson regression model.	0.85	1.35	0.88 ^* * Significant variables (p < 0.05) in Poisson regression model.	0.68	1.14	0.82 ^* * Significant variables (p < 0.05) in Poisson regression model.	0.62	1.08
Living with father
	No	1.05 ^* * Significant variables (p < 0.05) in Poisson regression model.	0.91	1.22	1.04 ^* * Significant variables (p < 0.05) in Poisson regression model.	0.90	1.20	1.00 ^* * Significant variables (p < 0.05) in Poisson regression model.	0.87	1.13	0.98 ^* * Significant variables (p < 0.05) in Poisson regression model.	0.82	1.18
Maternal education
	NS	1.00 ^* * Significant variables (p < 0.05) in Poisson regression model.	-	-	1.00 ^* * Significant variables (p < 0.05) in Poisson regression model.	-	-	1.00 ^* * Significant variables (p < 0.05) in Poisson regression model.	-	-	1.00 ^* * Significant variables (p < 0.05) in Poisson regression model.	-	-
	IES	1.20 ^* * Significant variables (p < 0.05) in Poisson regression model.	0.77	1.86	1.13 ^* * Significant variables (p < 0.05) in Poisson regression model.	0.73	1.75	0.75 ^* * Significant variables (p < 0.05) in Poisson regression model.	0.48	1.17	1.09 ^* * Significant variables (p < 0.05) in Poisson regression model.	0.69	1.72
	CES	1.00 ^* * Significant variables (p < 0.05) in Poisson regression model.	0.61	1.66	0.92 ^* * Significant variables (p < 0.05) in Poisson regression model.	0.54	1.59	0.87 ^* * Significant variables (p < 0.05) in Poisson regression model.	0.52	1.45	0.98 ^* * Significant variables (p < 0.05) in Poisson regression model.	0.59	1.62
	HIS	1.16 ^* * Significant variables (p < 0.05) in Poisson regression model.	0.74	1.82	1.19 ^* * Significant variables (p < 0.05) in Poisson regression model.	0.71	2.00	0.85 ^* * Significant variables (p < 0.05) in Poisson regression model.	0.52	1.39	1.11 ^* * Significant variables (p < 0.05) in Poisson regression model.	0.69	1.77
	CHS	1.20 ^* * Significant variables (p < 0.05) in Poisson regression model.	0.78	1.84	1.22 ^* * Significant variables (p < 0.05) in Poisson regression model.	0.80	1.86	0.71 ^* * Significant variables (p < 0.05) in Poisson regression model.	0.44	1.12	0.96 ^* * Significant variables (p < 0.05) in Poisson regression model.	0.60	1.55
	IHE	1.16 ^* * Significant variables (p < 0.05) in Poisson regression model.	0.72	1.85	1.43 ^* * Significant variables (p < 0.05) in Poisson regression model.	0.82	2.48	1.04 ^* * Significant variables (p < 0.05) in Poisson regression model.	0.65	1.68	1.13 ^* * Significant variables (p < 0.05) in Poisson regression model.	0.65	1.96
	CHE	1.15 ^* * Significant variables (p < 0.05) in Poisson regression model.	0.73	1.82	1.48 ^* * Significant variables (p < 0.05) in Poisson regression model.	0.94	2.32	0.83 ^* * Significant variables (p < 0.05) in Poisson regression model.	0.50	1.37	1.52 ^* * Significant variables (p < 0.05) in Poisson regression model.	0.94	2.44
	DNI	1.09 ^* * Significant variables (p < 0.05) in Poisson regression model.	0.71	1.68	1.10 ^* * Significant variables (p < 0.05) in Poisson regression model.	0.74	1.65	0.79 ^* * Significant variables (p < 0.05) in Poisson regression model.	0.51	1.20	0.91 ^* * Significant variables (p < 0.05) in Poisson regression model.	0.59	1.41
Administrative structure of the school
	Public	1.00 ^* * Significant variables (p < 0.05) in Poisson regression model.	-	-	1.00 ^* * Significant variables (p < 0.05) in Poisson regression model.	-	-	1.00 ^* * Significant variables (p < 0.05) in Poisson regression model.	-	-	1.00 ^* * Significant variables (p < 0.05) in Poisson regression model.	-	-
	Private	1.10 ^* * Significant variables (p < 0.05) in Poisson regression model.	0.90	1.34	1.23 ^* * Significant variables (p < 0.05) in Poisson regression model.	1.01	1.49	1.18 ^* * Significant variables (p < 0.05) in Poisson regression model.	0.98	1.42	1.33 ^* * Significant variables (p < 0.05) in Poisson regression model.	1.03	1.72

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[1] Correspondence to: Email: bandoni@unifesp.br.