Acute citrulline oral supplementation induces greater post-exercise hypotension response in hypertensive than normotensive individuals

GRANDOLFI, Kamila; CAVALARI, João Vagner; GÓES, Renata Cristina; POLITO, Marcos Doederlein; CASONATTO, Juliano

doi:10.1590/1678-98652018000600001

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ORIGINAL ARTICLES • Rev Nutr 31 (6) • Nov-Dec 2018 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-98652018000600001 copy

Acute citrulline oral supplementation induces greater post-exercise hypotension response in hypertensive than normotensive individuals

Suplementação oral aguda de citrulina induz maior resposta hipotensiva pós-exercício em indivíduos hipertensos do que normotensos

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Objective

To investigate whether acute citrulline supplementation might influence post-exercise hypotension in normotensive and hypertensive individuals.

Methods

Following a randomized double-blind design, twenty normotensive (28±7 years, 74±17kg, 1.7±0.09m) and 20 hypertensive individuals (55±12 years, 76±15kg, 1.59±0.09m) were randomly assigned to one of the four experimental groups (Normotensive-Placebo; Normotensive-Citrulline; Hypertensive-Placebo; Hypertensive-Citrulline). The placebo groups ingested 6g of corn starch and the citrulline groups ingested 6g of citrulline dissolved in water. The participants performed 40 minutes of walking/running on a treadmill at 60-70% heart rate reserve. Blood pressure was measured immediately after a 60-min exercise session using an oscillometric device and 24-h ambulatory monitoring.

Results

The post-exercise hypotension was more pronounced in hypertensives and the Hypertensive-Citrulline group showed a consistent systolic blood pressure reduction during the laboratorial phase, which can be seen by looking at the mean of 60 minutes (-15.01mmHg vs -3.14mmHg [P=0.005]; -4.16mmHg [P=0.009]; -6.30mmHg [P=0.033] in comparison with the Normotensive-Placebo, Normotensive-Citrulline, and Hypertensive-Placebo groups, respectively). During ambulatory blood pressure monitoring, the Hypertensive-Citrulline group showed a significant reduction in systolic blood pressure (-21.05mmHg) in the awake period compared with the Normotensive-Citrulline group (-3.17mmHg [P=0.010]).

Conclusion

Acute citrulline oral supplementation can induce greater post-exercise hypotension response in hypertensive than normotensive individuals.

Keywords
Blood pressure; Citrulline; Dietary supplements; Exercise; Hypertension

Genereal characteristics	NP (n=10) [M4-F6]		NC (n=10) [M6-F4]		HP (n=10) [M4-F6]		HC (n=10) [M2-F8]
Genereal characteristics	Mean	SE	Mean	SE	Mean	SE	Mean	SE	P
Age (years)	027.70	2.40	029.90	2.50	052.00	4.8^* * P<0.05 vs NP; ^† † P<0.05 vs NC.	058.60	2.7^* * P<0.05 vs NP; ^† † P<0.05 vs NC. 0	<0.001
Weight (kg)	070.90	6.20	076.40	4.60	079.60	5.5^* * P<0.05 vs NP; ^† † P<0.05 vs NC.	072.50	4.1^* * P<0.05 vs NP; ^† † P<0.05 vs NC. 0	<0.629
Height (m)	001.69	0.03	001.71	0.03	001.61	0.03^† † P<0.05 vs NC.	001.58	0.03^* * P<0.05 vs NP; ^† † P<0.05 vs NC.	<0.008
BMI (kg/m²)	024.40	1.50	025.90	1.10	030.80	2.1^* * P<0.05 vs NP; ^† † P<0.05 vs NC.	029.20	1.8^* * P<0.05 vs NP; ^† † P<0.05 vs NC. 0	<0.038
WC (cm)	079.30	4.30	084.40	3.50	098.50	4.7^* * P<0.05 vs NP; ^† † P<0.05 vs NC.	099.10	3.5^* * P<0.05 vs NP; ^† † P<0.05 vs NC. 0	<0.002
SBP (mmHg)	116.00	5.00	120.00	4.00	137.00	4.0^* * P<0.05 vs NP; ^† † P<0.05 vs NC.	142.00	6.0^* * P<0.05 vs NP; ^† † P<0.05 vs NC. 0	<0.001
DBP (mmHg)	071.00	3.00	074.00	2.00	086.00	3.0^* * P<0.05 vs NP; ^† † P<0.05 vs NC.	086.00	3.0^* * P<0.05 vs NP; ^† † P<0.05 vs NC. 0	<0.002
Antihypertensive drugs					n		n
Beta-blocker					5		3
Angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor					4		6
Diuretic					-		1
All drugs					1		-

A
Blood pressure monitoring	NP		NC		HP		HC
Blood pressure monitoring	mean	SE	mean	SE	mean	SE	mean	SE
Systolic BP
Pre	116	5	120	4	137	4	142	6
10 min	117	4	123	3	129	3	127	3^* * P<0.05 vs Pre.
20 min	114	4	116	4	129	3	125	4^* * P<0.05 vs Pre.
30 min	113	4	115	3	130	3	127	6^* * P<0.05 vs Pre.
40 min	112	4	113	4^* * P<0.05 vs Pre.	133	6	129	6^* * P<0.05 vs Pre.
50 min	114	5	113	3^* * P<0.05 vs Pre.	131	4	126	6^* * P<0.05 vs Pre.
60 min	111	5	113	4^* * P<0.05 vs Pre.	130	4	128	6^* * P<0.05 vs Pre.
Mean 60 min	113	4	116	3^* * P<0.05 vs Pre.	131	3	127	5^* * P<0.05 vs Pre.
Mean 24h	110	2	113	3^* * P<0.05 vs Pre.	127	3	125	4^* * P<0.05 vs Pre.
ANOVA (P)	0.303		0.028		0.490		0.019
Diastolic BP
Pre	72	3	74	3	86	3	86	3
10 min	75	3	83	4	84	3	86	3
20 min	76	2	76	3	86	3	83	4
30 min	72	3	75	3	86	3	88	4
40 min	72	2	75	2	93	7	89	5
50 min	73	3	75	3	86	5	84	3
60 min	69	3	77	2	85	3	86	3
Mean 60 min	73	2	77	3	87	3	86	3
Mean 24h	65	2	69	3	78	2	71	3^* * P<0.05 vs Pre.
ANOVA (P)	0.047		0.050		0.101		0.007
B
Blood pressure monitoring	NP		NC		HP		HC
Blood pressure monitoring	ES	P	ES	P	ES	P	ES	P
Systolic BP
Mean 60 min	-0.31	0.356	-0.81	<0.031	0.53	0.127	-1.81	<0.001
Mean awake	-0.18	0.578	-0.30	<0.361	0.54	0.120	-1.25	<0.003
Mean asleep	-1.00	0.011	-1.27	<0.003	0.48	0.161	-1.24	<0.004
Mean 24h	-0.42	0.220	-0.69	<0.057	0.58	0.102	-0.89	<0.020
Diastolic BP
Mean 60 min	-0.28	0.403	-0.38	<0.256	0.12	0.707	-0.01	<0.968
Mean awake	-0.51	0.139	-0.06	<0.846	0.81	0.030	-2.06	<0.001
Mean asleep	-0.89	0.020	-1.77	<0.001	0.90	0.019	-2.16	<0.001
Mean 24h	-0.70	0.054	-0.48	<0.161	0.88	0.021	-2.28	<0.001

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[1] Correspondência para/Correspondence to: J CASONATTO. E-mail: <juliano2608@hotmail.com>.