School feeding in Federal Institutes: characterization and analysis of food acquisitions from family farming

ARAGI, Juliana Cesário; BANDONI, Daniel Henrique

doi:10.1590/1678-9865202235e220066

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ORIGINAL • Rev Nutr 35 • 2022 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-9865202235e220066 copy

School feeding in Federal Institutes: characterization and analysis of food acquisitions from family farming

Alimentação escolar nos Institutos Federais: caracterização e análise das aquisições de alimentos da agricultura familiar

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Objective

The Federal Institutes of Education, Science, and Technology provide Basic Education and, thus, must execute the National School Feeding Program. The study aimed to characterize school feeding in these institutes, focusing on the purchase of food from family farming.

Methods

Cross-sectional study with Brazilian Federal Institutes that offer Basic Education courses. The characteristics of purchases from family farming in 2019 were analyzed, as well as the type of management of the school food service, the presence of a nutritionist in the unit acting as technical manager, and the presence of a canteen. Pearson’s chi-square test was used to analyze the association between the variables, adopting a statistical significance level of 5%.

Results

A total of 171 campuses, distributed in the five Brazilian regions, participated in the study. Among the participants in the survey, 35.1% did not offer any type of food to their students. The percentage of Federal Institutes that carried out acquisitions from family farming was 48%. The presence of a nutritionist was verified in 33.9% of the campuses and associated with food purchases from family farming. The type of food service management was shown to be related to the diversity of the purchases and the main categories of purchased foods.

Conclusion

The results demonstrate the importance of monitoring the school feeding policy at the federal level, being possible to characterize the school feeding in the Federal Institutes, also showing that more than half of the sample did not make purchases from family farming.

Keywords
Family farming; Federal institutes; Food and nutrition programs and policies; School feeding

Variables		North		Northeast		Mid-West		South		Southeast		Total
Variables		n	%	n	%	n	%	n	%	n	%	n	%
Number of campuses		22	12.9	58	33.9	19	11.1	31	18.1	41	24.0	171	100
Nutritionist
	Yes	6	27.3	30	51.7	2	10.5	8	25.8	12	29.3	58	33.9
	No	9	40.9	10	17.2	3	15.8	13	41.9	17	41.4	52	30.4
	Did not respond	7	31.8	18	31.0	14	73.7	10	32.3	12	29.3	61	35.7
Food offer
	Yes	15	68.2	40	69.0	6	31.6	21	67.7	29	70.7	111	64.9
	No	7	31.8	18	31.0	13	68.4	10	32.3	12	29.3	60	35.1
Place where students have their meals
	Cafeteria	12	54.5	28	48.3	3	15.8	11	35.5	20	48.7	74	43.3
	Center of Conviviality	2	9.1	5	8.6	2	10.5	4	12.9	2	4.9	15	8.8
	Patio	1	4.6	2	3.5	1	5.3	2	6.5	4	9.8	10	5.8
	Classroom	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0	1	3.2	2	4.9	3	1.8
	Common areas	0	0.0	2	3.5	0	0.0	1	3.2	0	0.0	3	1.8
	Adapted indoor space	0	0.0	1	1.7	0	0.0	2	6.5	1	2.4	4	2.3
	Did not respond	7	31.8	20	34.5	13	68.4	10	32.2	12	29.3	62	36.2
Professional elaborating the menu
	Nutritionist	13	59.1	38	65.5	6	31.6	19	61.3	24	58.5	100	58.5
	Other	2	9.1	2	3.5	0	0.0	1	3.2	4	9.8	9	5.3
	Did not respond	7	31.8	18	31.0	13	68.4	11	35.5	13	31.7	62	36.0
Canteen
	Yes	12	54.5	38	65.5	13	68.4	19	61.3	30	73.2	112	65.5
	No	10	45.5	20	34.5	6	31.6	12	38.7	11	26.8	59	34.5
Type of management
	Self-managed	3	13.6	5	8.6	2	10.5	10	32.2	9	21.9	29	16.9
	Self-managed with outsourced service	7	31.8	25	43.1	3	15.8	7	22.6	10	24.4	52	30.4
	Outsourced service	5	22.7	10	17.2	1	5.3	4	12.9	10	24.4	30	17.5
	Did not respond	7	31.8	18	31.0	13	68.4	10	32.2	12	29.3	60	35.1
FF Acquisition 2019
	Yes	11	50.0	26	44.8	6	31.6	17	54.8	22	53.7	82	48.0
	No	11	50.0	32	55.2	13	68.4	14	45.2	19	46.3	89	52.0

Variables	North		Northeast		Mid-West		South		Southeast		Brazil
Variables	n^a a n=11;	%	n^b b n=26;	%	n^c c n=6;	%	n^d d n=17;	%	n^e e n=22;	%	n^f f n=82.	%
Fruit in natura	11	100.0	21	80.8	3	50.0	16	94.1	17	77.3	68	82.9
Cookies and biscuits	1	9.1	8	30.8	3	50.0	14	82.4	7	31.8	33	40.2
Vegetables in natura	7	63.6	12	46.2	1	16.7	4	23.5	6	27.3	30	36.6
Juice	1	9.1	6	23.1	1	16.7	10	58.8	10	45.5	28	34.1
Bread	2	18.2	4	15.4	3	50.0	7	41.2	4	18.2	20	24.4
Milk and dairy	1	9.1	6	23.1	1	16.7	2	11.8	0	0.0	16	19.5
Fruit pulp	4	36.4	9	34.6	2	33.3	0	0.0	1	4.5	16	19.5
Animal protein	3	27.3	7	26.9	0	0.0	3	17.6	0	0.0	13	15.9
Cakes	1	9.1	8	30.8	0	0.0	2	11.8	1	4.5	12	14.6
Legumes	3	27.3	1	3.8	0	0.0	3	17.6	4	18.2	11	13.4
Flour	3	27.3	1	3.8	0	0.0	3	17.6	1	4.5	8	9.8
Jelly, stewed fruit, or jam	0	0.0	2	7.7	2	33.3	1	5.9	3	13.6	8	9.8
Others	0	0.0	4	15.4	0	0.0	1	5.9	2	9.1	7	8.5
MP fruit	1	9.1	1	3.8	1	16.7	1	5.9	1	4.5	5	6.1
Herbs and spices	0	0.0	2	7.7	0	0.0	0	0.0	2	9.1	4	4.9
Cereal bars	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0	2	11.8	1	4.5	3	3.7
Tapioca	1	9.1	2	7.7	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0	3	3.7
MP vegetables	0	0.0	0	0.0	1	16.7	1	5.9	0	0.0	2	2.4
Rice	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0	2	11.8	0	0.0	2	2.4
Sugar	1	9.1	0	0.0	0	0.0	1	5.9	0	0.0	2	2.4
Roots and tubers	1	9.1	1	3.8	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0	2	2.4
Nuts	0	0.0	1	3.8	1	16.7	0	0.0	0	0.0	2	2.4
Honey	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0	2	9.1	2	2.4

Variables		Present nutritionist		Absent nutritionist		Total		p *^ * Chi-square test, p<0.05.**
Variables		n^a a n=58;	%	n^b b n=52;	%	n^c c n=110.	%	p *^ * Chi-square test, p<0.05.**
Family farming acquisition 2019
	Yes	45	77.6	34.0	65.4	80	72.7	<0.001
	No	13	22.4	18.0	34.6	30	27.3	<0.001
Family Farming-acquired items
	Fruit in natura	35	60.3	31	59.6	66	60.0	<0.001
	Cookies and biscuits	16	27.6	17	32.7	33	30.0	<0.001
	Vegetables in natura	26	44.8	4	7.7	30	27.3	<0.001
	Juice	13	22.4	14	26.9	27	24.5	<0.001
	Bread	9	15.5	10	19.2	19	17.3	0.008
	Fruit pulp	11	19.0	5	9.6	16	14.5	0.002
	Milk and dairy	11	19.0	4	7.7	15	13.6	0.005
	Animal protein	12	20.7	1	1.9	13	11.8	<0.001
	Cakes	6	10.3	6	11.5	12	10.9	0.027

Variables		Presence of a canteen		Absence of canteen		Total		p ^* * Chi-square test, p<0.05.
Variables		n^a a n=112;	%	n^b b n=59;	%	n^c c n=171.	%	p ^* * Chi-square test, p<0.05.
Food provision
	Yes	79	70.5	32	54.2	111	64.9	0.034
	No	33	29.5	27	45.8	60	35.1	0.034
Family Farming Acquisition 2019
	Yes	60	53.6	22	37.3	82	48.0	0.041
	No	52	46.4	37	62.7	89	52.0	0.041
Acquired FF food items
	Fruit in natura	53	47.3	15	25.4	68	39.8	0.005
	Cookies and biscuit	27	24.1	6	10.2	33	19.3	0.028
	Vegetables in natura	23	20.5	7	11.9	30	17.5	0.156
	Juice	21	18.8	7	11.9	28	16.4	0.247
	Bread	16	14.3	4	6.8	20	11.7	0.146
	Fruit pulp	10	8.9	6	10.2	16	9.4	0.791
	Milk and dairy	15	13.4	1	1.7	16	9.4	0.012
	Animal protein	11	9.8	2	3.4	13	7.6	0.131
	Cakes	9	8.0	3	5.1	12	7.0	0.472

Variables		Self-management		Self-management with partially outsourced service		Fully outsourced service		Total		p ^* * Chi-square test ,p<0.05.
Variables		n^a a n=29;	%	n^b b n=52;	%	n^c c n=30;	%	n^d d n=111.	%
Family Farming Acquisition 2019
	Yes	22	75.9	43	82.7	17	56.7	82	73.9	<0.001
	No	7	24.1	9	17.3	13	43.3	29	26.1	<0.001
Family Farming Acquired foods
	Fruit in natura	19	65.5	35	67.3	14	46.7	68	61.3	<0.001
	Cookies and biscuit	13	44.8	13	25.0	7	23.3	33	29.7	<0.001
	Vegetables in natura	4	13.8	26	50.0	0	0.0	30	27	<0.001
	Juice	8	27.6	12	23.1	8	26.7	28	25.2	<0.001
	Bread	7	24.1	9	17.3	4	13.3	20	18	0.003
	Fruit pulp	2	6.9	13	25.0	1	3.3	16	14.4	<0.001
	Milk and dairy	3	10.3	9	17.3	4	13.3	16	14.4	0.014
	Animal protein	1	3.4	12	23.1	0	0.0	13	11.7	<0.001
	Cakes	2	6.9	7	13.5	3	10.0	12	10.8	0.041

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[1] Correspondence to: DH BANDONI. E-mail: danielbandoni@gmail.com.