Away-from-home meals: Prevalence and characteristics in a metropolis

Gorgulho, Bartira Mendes; Fisberg, Regina Mara; Marchioni, Dirce Maria Lobo

doi:10.1590/1415-52732014000600005

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Original Articles • Rev. Nutr. 27 (6) • Nov-Dec 2014 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1415-52732014000600005 linkcopy

Away-from-home meals: Prevalence and characteristics in a metropolis

Alimentação fora do lar: prevalência e características em uma metrópole

SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstracts

Objective: This study aimed to characterize away-from-home meals.

Methods: This population-based, cross-sectional study measured dietary intake by administering 24-hour recalls by telephone. Away-from-home breakfast, lunch, and dinner were described and characterized according to the foods that contribute most to the intake of energy, fat, sodium, and added sugar per meal.

Results: f the 834 respondents, 24% had had at least one meal away from home. The average energy intake per away-from-home meal was 628 kcal (±101 kcal), about 35% of the average daily intake for this population. Meals contained both healthy foods, such as rice, beans, and fish, and unhealthy foods, such as soft drinks, snacks, sandwiches, and pizza.

Conclusion: Individuals who ate away from home had worse diets. However, the presence of healthy foods indicates a possibility of improvement if purposeful programmatic actions are taken.

Eating; Feeding behavior; Food habits

Variables	n	%	Crude model	p
Variables	n	%	PR (95%CI)	p
Gender				0,548^a
Male	84	43	1
Female	112	57	1.11 (0.77-1.61)
Age				0,758^b
12-19 years	50	26	1
20-59 years	71	36	1.01 (0.76-1.33)
60 years or more	75	38	1.05 (0.81-1.38)
Family income per member				0,211^b
Up to two minimum salaries	149	76	1
3-6 minimum salaries	20	10	1.54 (0.98-2.40)
6 or more minimum salaries	27	14	0.79 (0.18-3.41)
Smoking status				0,015^b*
Never	143	73	1
Ex-smoker	24	12	0.51 (0.30-0.84)
Smoker	29	15	1.03 (0.70-1.52)
Alcohol intake				0,62^a
No	115	59	1
Yes	81	51	0.92 (0.66-1.27)
Nutritional status				0,106^a
Not overweight	78	41	1
Overweight	118	59	1.26 (0.95-1.67)

Adolescent					Adult					Older adult
Group	Away from home		At home		Group	Away from home		At home		Group	Away from home		At home
	n	%	n	%		n	%	n	%		n	%	n	%
Breakfast
Bread, zwieback, and cookies	2	87	14	5	Butter and margarine	1	75	17	24	Bread, zwieback, and cookies	2	42	18	38
Whole milk Added sugar	1 1	8 5	9 13	10 5	Bread, zwieback, and cookies	3	25	18	25	Snacks, sandwiches, and pizzas Soda	1 1	31 27	2 0	3 0
Lunch
Rice	6	32	17	39	Rice	5	43	27	33	Sweets	2	23	2	4
Poultry	2	18	12	16	Sweets	3	13	2	2	Rice	3	19	14	33
Snacks, sandwiches, and pizzas	1	17	0	0	Beans	4	9	22	9	Snacks, sandwiches, and pizzas	2	18	0	0
Beef	2	16	6	11	Beef	1	7	9	6	Poultry	2	12	6	11
Bread, zwieback, and cookies	1	7	0	0	Alcohol	1	6	1	1	Beef	1	7	5	10
Processed meat	1	4	0	0	Soda	1	5	6	4	Bread, zwieback, and cookies	1	5	1	2
Fruit juice	1	1	1	1	Fruit juice	2	4	13	1	Soda	1	3	1	2
Legumes	1	1	0	0	Processed meat	1	3	3	4	Yellow cheese	1	3	1	1
					Vegetables	7	3	17	7	Beans	2	2	18	12
					Added sugar	1	2	2	1	Pasta	1	1	1	2
Dinner
Rice	1	52	7	28	Beef	1	66	9	8	Snacks, sandwiches, and pizzas	1	38	1	4
Seafood	1	21	0	0	Fruit juice	1	10	6	1	Alcohol	1	21	0	0
Sweets	1	10	2	9	Soda	1	8	2	1	Seafood	3	18	0	0
Beans	1	9	9	14	Bread, zwieback, and	1	8	4	4	Sweets	1	12	1	2
					cookies					Eggs	1	8	0	0
Pasta	2	7	2	9	Poultry	1	5	6	7	White cheese	1	2	0	0

Adolescent						Adult						Older adult
Group	Away from home			At home		Group	Away from home			At home		Group	Away from home		At home
	n	%		n	%		n	%		n	%		n	%	n	%
Breakfast
Bread, zwieback, and cookies	2	57		14	18	Butter and margarine	1	98		17	59	Snacks, sandwiches, and pizzas	1	42	2	1
Whole milk	1	43		9	18	Bread, zwieback, andcookies	1	2		18	5	Bread, zwieback, andcookies	2	31	18	8
Lunch
Beef	2	27		6	14	Rice	5	36		27	20	Snacks, sandwiches, and pizzas	2	31	0	0
Snacks, sandwiches, and pizzas	1	23		0	0	Beef	1	20		9	6	Sweets	2	28	2	4
Rice	6	17	17	27	Sweets	3	19		2	4		Poultry	2	11	6	#
Poultry	2	15		12	27	Beans	4	7		22	5	Rice	3	6	14	#
Processed meat	1	7		0	0	Processed meat	1	6		3	8	Yellow cheese	1	6	1	1
Bread, zwieback, andcookies	1	1		0	0	Vegetables	7	2		17	8	Beef	1	5	5	#
Dinner
Rice	1	47		7	17	Beef	1	87		9	9	Snacks, sandwiches, and pizzas	1	51	1	7
Sweets	1	25		2	7	Poultry	1	5		6	6	Eggs	1	25	0	0
Pasta	2	17		2	7	Bread, zwieback, and cookies	1	2		4	1	Seafood	3	9	0	0
						Bread, zwieback, and cookies
Beans	1	8		9	12							White cheese	1	7	0	0
Seafood	1	3		0	0							Sweets	1	7	1	2

Adolescent					Adult					Older adult
Group	Away from home		At home		Group	Away from home		At home		Group	Away from home		At home
	n	%	n	%		n	%	n	%		n	%	n	%
Breakfast
Bread, zwieback, and cookies	2	97	14	63	Bread, zwieback, and cookies	3	65	18	42	Bread, zwieback, and cookies	2	68	18	54
Whole milk	1	3	9	4	Butter and margarine	1	35	17	19	Snacks, sandwiches,and pizzas	1	29	2	1
										Soda	1	2	0	0
Lunch
Rice	6	37	17	43	Salad dressing	4	37	19	2	Snacks, sandwiches, and pizzas	2	31	0	0
Poultry	2	18	12	14	Rice	5	34	27	38	Rice	3	29	14	37
Snacks, sandwiches, and pizzas	1	14	0	0	Beans	4	10	22	14	Poultry	2	12	6	10
Beef	2	12	6	9	Vegetables	7	6	17	9	Bread, zwieback, and cookies	1	6	1	1
Processed meat	1	6	0	0	Sweets	3	4	2	1	Beef	1	6	5	8
Salad dressing	1	2	12	7	Beef	1	4	9	5	Sweets	2	5	2	1
					Processed meat	1	2	3	5	Yellow cheese	1	4	1	1
										Beans	2	3	18	18
										Seafood	1	1	0	0
Dinner
Rice	1	66	7	31	Beef	1	77	9	7	Seafood	3	63	0	0
Seafood	1	16	0	0	Bread, zwieback, and cookies	1	14	4	4	Snacks, sandwiches, and pizzas	1	25	1	5
Beans	1	15	9	22	Poultry	1	8	6	7	Canned vegetables	1	5	0	0
Sweets	1	2	2	1						Eggs	1	4	0	0
										White cheese	1	1	0	0

Adolescent					Adult					Older adult
Group	Away from home		At home		Group	Away from home		At home		Group	Away from home		At home
	n	%	n	%		n	%	n	%		n	%	n	%
Breakfast
Added sugar	1	100	13	35						Soda Snacks, sandwiches, and pizzas	1 1	97 2	0 2	0 3
Lunch
Fruit juice	1	64	1	1	Soda	1	42	6	69	Sweets	2	64	2	33
Snacks, sandwiches, and pizzas	1	33	0	0	Sweets	3	36	2	9	Soda	1	26	1	48
										Snacks, sandwiches, and pizzas	2	9	0	0
Processed meat	1	3	0	0	Added sugar Fruit juice	1 2	17 4	2 13	5 14
					Added sugar Fruit juice	1 2	17 4	2 13	5 14
Dinner
Sweets	1	59	2	69	Fruit juice	1	51	6	12	Sweets	1	66	1	27
Sauce	1	41	0	0	Soda	1	46	2	33	Sauce	3	18	0	0
					Bread, zwieback, and cookies	1	3	4	13	Snacks, sandwiches, and pizzas	1	16	1	1

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[t01TFN01] Note: aChi-square test; bWald's test;

[t01TFN02] ^*
p<0.05. PR: Prevalence Ratio; 95%CI: 95% Confidence Interval.