Organização estrutural e ultra-estrutural das células vegetativas e da estrutura plurilocular de <i>Hincksia mitchelliae</i> (Harvey) P. C. Silva (Ectocarpales, Phaeophyceae)

Ouriques, Luciane C.; Bouzon, Zenilda L.

doi:10.1590/2175-7860200859404

RESUMO

O presente estudo tem por objetivo contribuir para o estudo de caracteres sub-celulares que poderão ser utilizados na taxonomia das Phaeophyceae filamentosas, fornecendo dados sobre a estrutura e ultra-estrutura das células vegetativas e do estágio reprodutivo plurilocular de H. mitchelliae. Para tanto, estudos de microscopia de luz e eletrônica de transmissão foram realizados. As células vegetativas e reprodutivas de H. mitchelliae são uninucleadas, revestidas por uma parede celulósica, outros polissacarídeos e proteínas. A presença de um núcleo por célula, a organização dos tilacóides nos cloroplastos, formando bandas com três tilacóides, dispostos longitudinalmente ao eixo maior da organela e ausência de tilacóide no pirenóide foram similares a outras Phaeophyceae. H. mitchelliae também exibiu características ultra-estruturais que estão geralmente associadas a outras espécies, de ordens menos avançadas de Phaeophyceae como a presença de um proeminente pirenóide, dictiossomos perinucleares e plasmodesmos. A morfologia e a organização dos cloroplastos, bem como a presença ou ausência de pirenóide são características importantes dentro das Phaeophyceae. A formação de um novo pirenóide, em estágio de diferenciação, foi observada nos cloroplastos das células vegetativas. Ambas as células apresentaram núcleo com um grande nucléolo, sugerindo uma alta atividade metabólica. Muitos corpos osmiofílicos, os fisóides, foram vistos no citoplasma das células vegetativas e reprodutivas. As células da estrutura plurilocular madura de H. mitchelliae diferiram das células vegetativas por apresentar tamanho reduzido, citoplasma denso e desprovidas de vacúolos.

Palavras-chave:
Hincksia mitchelliae; organização estrutural e ultra-estrutural

ABSTRACT

This study aims to contribute to the suty of sub-cellular characters that may be used in the taxonomy of filamentous Phaeophyceae. Studies of light and electron microscopy transmission provided data on the structure and ultrastructure of the cells in the vegetative stage and plurilocular reproductive structures of H. mitchelliae. Vegetative and reproductive cells of H. mitchelliae are uni-nucleated, coated with a cellulose wall, other polysaccharides and proteins. The presence of a single nucleus, organization of thylakoids in the chloroplasts forming three thylakoids per band, longitudinally arranged at the major axis of the organelles, and absence of thylakoids in the pyrenoid are similar to those of other Phaeophyceae. H mitchelliae also exhibits ultrastructural characteristics that are generally associated with other species from less advanced orders of Phaeophyceae: the presence of a prominent pyrenoid, perinuclear dictyosomes and plasmodesmatas. The morphology and the organization of chloroplasts as well the presence or absence of pyrenoid are important features in the Phaeophyceae. The formation of a new pyrenoid during differentiation periods was observed in chloroplasts of vegetative cells. Both cells presented a nucleus with a large nucleolus, suggesting an intense metabolic activity. Many osmiophilic bodies called physodes were observed in the cytoplasm of the vegetative and reproductive cells. Cells of matured plurilocular structure of H. mitchelliae differed from vegetative cells due to its reduced size, dense cytoplasm, and absence of vacuoles.

Key words:
Hincksia mitchelliae; structural organization and ultrastructure

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REFERÊNCIAS BIBLIOGRÁFICAS

Baker J. R. J. & Evans L.V. 1973. The shipfouling alga Ectocarpus II. Ultrastructure of the unilocular reproductive stages. Protoplasma 77: 181-189.
Bold, H. C. & Wynne, M. J. 1985. Introduction to the Algae: structure and reproduction. 2ed. Princeton Hall, New Jersey, 719p.
Bozzola, J. B. & Russell, L. D. 1992. Electron microscopy. Jones and Bartlett Publishers, London, 542p.
Bouck, G. B. 1965. Fine structure and organelle associations in brown algae. Journal of Cell Biology 26: 523-535.
Bouzon, Z. L.; Ouriques, L. C. & Oliveira, E. C. 2005. Ultrastructure of tetraspore germination in the agar-producing seaweed Gelidium floridanum (Gelidiales, Rhodophyta). Phycologia 44: 409-415.
Clayton, M. N. 1984. An electron microscope study of gamete release and settling in the complanate from of Scytosipon (Scytosiphonaceae, Phaeophyta). Journal of Phycology 20: 276-285.
Clayton, M. N. & Beakes, G. W. 1983. Effects of fixatives on the ultrastructure of physodes in vegetative cells of Scytosiphon lomentaria (Scytosiphonales, Pheaophyta). Journal of Phycology 19: 4-16.
Cole, K. 1970. Ultrastructural characteristics in some species in the Scytosiphonales. Phycologia 9: 275-283.
Chung, I. K K.; Ledbetter, M. C. & Brinkhuis, B. H. 1987. Fine structure of Laminaria saccharina (L.) Lamour. The Korean Journal of Phycology 22: 147-171.
Delépine, R.; Asensi A. & Guglielmi G. 1976. Nouveaux types d'ultrastructure plastidiale chez les Phéophycées. Phycologia 15: 425-434.
Evans, L. V. 1960. Distribution of pyrenoids among some brown algae. Journal of Cell Sciences 1: 449-454.
Galatis, B.; Katsaros, C. & Mitrakos, K. 1977. Fine structure of vegetative cells of Sphacelaria tribuloides Menegh. (Phaeophyta, Sphacelariales) with special reference to some unusual proliferations of the plasmalemma. Phycologia 16: 139-151.
Griffiths, D. J. 1979. The pyrenoid. Botanical Review 36: 29-58.
Gunning, B. E. S. & Steer, M. W. 1996. Plant cell biology - structure and function. Jones and Bartlett Publishers, Boston.
Herth, W. & Schnepf, E. 1980. The fluorochrome, calcofluor white, binds oriented to structural polysacchride fibrils. Protoplasma 105: 129-133.
Hori, T. 1972. Further survey of pyrenoid distribuition in Japan brown algae. Botanical Magazine 85: 125-134.
Katsaros, C. & Galatis, B. 1986. Ultrastructural studies on zoosporogenesis of Halopteris filicina (Sphacelariales, Phaeophyta). Phycologia 25: 358-370.
Katsaros, C. & Pentaris, K. 1994. The ultrastructure of tetrasporogenesis in Dictyota dichotoma (Hudson) Lamourou (dictyotales, Phaeophyceae). Japanese Journal of Phycology 42: 281-290.
Kim, G. H. & Fritz, L. 1993. Ultrastucture and cytochemistry of early spermatangial development in Antithamnion nipponicum (Ceramiaceae, Rhodophyta). Journal of Phycology 29: 797-805.
Lee, R. E. 1989. Phycology. 2ed. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 645p.
Magne, F. 1976. Quelques caractères cytologiques particuliers du Bachelotia antillarum (Phéophycées, Ectocarpales). Phycologia 15: 309-319.
Markey, D. R. & Wilce, R. T. 1975. The ultrastructure of reproduction in the brown alga Pylaiella littoralis I. Mitosis and cytokinesis in the plurilocular gametangia. Protoplasma 85: 219-241.
Markey, D. R. & Wilce, R. T. 1976a. The ultrastructure of reproduction in the brown alga Pylaiella littoralis II. Zoosporogenesis in the unilocular sporangia. Protoplasma. 88: 147-173.
Markey, D. R. & Wilce, R. T. 1976b. The ultrastructure of reproduction in the brown alga Pylaiella littoralis III. Later stages of gametogenesis in the plurilocular gametangia. Protoplasma 88: 175-186.
McCully, M. 1968. Histological studies on the genus Fucus Protoplasma 62: 20-40.
Motomura, T., Ichimura, T. & Melkonian, M. 1997. Coordicative of fertilization and parthenogenesis in Laminaria angustata (Laminariales, Phaeophyta). Journal of Phycology 33: 266-271.
Müller, D. G. & Parodi, E. 1994. Asteronema rhodochortonoides nov. comb. (Ectocarpales, Phaeophyceae) - a newly recognized taxon with stellate chloroplast arrangement. Phycologia 33: 471-474.
Müller, D. G.; Parodi, E. & Peters, A. F. 1998. Asterocladon lobatum gen. et sp. nov., a new brown alga with stellate chloroplast arrangement, and its systematic position judged from nuclear rDNA sequences. Phycologia 37: 425-432.
Nagasato, C. & Motomura, T. 2002. New pyrenoid formation the brown alga, Scytosiphon lomentaria (Scytosiphonales, Phaeophyceae). Journal of Phycology 38: 800-806.
Ouriques, L. C. & Bouzon, Z. L. 2000. Stellate chloroplast organization in Asteronema breviarticulatum comb. nov. (Ectocarpales, Phaeophyta). Phycologia 39: 267-271.
______ & Bouzon, Z. L. 2005. Spore development in red algae. A case study with Nemalion helminthoides (Nemaliales, Rhodophyta). Algological Studies 116: 115-127.
Ouriques, L. C. & Cordeiro-Marino, M. 2004. Levantamento florístico das ordens Ectocarpales, Chordariales, Scytosiphonales e Sphacelariales (Phaeophyta) do litoral do estado de Santa Catarina, Brasil. Hoehnea 31: 293-312.
Peters, A. F. & Clayton, M. N. 1998. Molecular and morphological investigations of three brown algal genera with stellate plastids: evidence for Scytothamnales ord. nov. (Phaeophyceae). Phycologia 37: 106-113.
Rousseau, F. & Reviers, B. 1999. Circunscription of the order Ectocarpales (Phaeophyta): bibliographical synthesis and molecular evidence. Crytogamie Algologie 20: 5-18.
Ruzin, S. E. 1999. Plant microtechnique and microscopy. Oxford University Press, Oxford, 322p.
Salgado, L. T.; Tomazetto, R.; Cinelli, L. P.; Farina, M. & Amado Filho, G. M. 2007. The influence of brown algae alginates on phenolic compounds capability of ultraviolet radiation absorption in vitro Brazilian Journal of Oceanography 55: 145-154.
Schoenwaelder, M. E. A. 2002. The occurrence and cellular significance of physodes in brown algae. Phycologia 41: 125-139.
Schoenwaelder, M. E. A. & Clayton, M. N. 2000. Physodes formation in embryos of Phyllospora comosa and Hormosira banksii (Phaeophyceae). Phycologia 39: 1-9.
Sengbusch, P. V.; Mix, M.; Wachholz, I. & Manshard, E. 1982. FITC-Labeled lectins and calcofluor white ST as probes for the investigation of the molecular architecture of cell surfaces. Studies on conjugatophycean species. Protoplasma 111: 38-52.
______ & Müller, U. 1983. Distribution of glycoconjugates at algal cell surfaces as monitored by FITC-conjugates lectins. Studies on selected species from Cyanophyta, Pyrrhophyta, Raphidophyta, Euglenophyta, Chromophyta and Chlorophyta Protoplasma 114: 103-113.
Terui, S.; Suzuki, K. & Takahashi, H. 1995. Synchronization of chloroplast division in the ultramicroalga Cyanidioschyzon merolae (Rhodophyta) by tretment with light and aphidicolin. Journal of Phycology 31: 958-961.
Van Den Hoek, C.; Mann, D. G. & Jahns, H. M. 1995. Algae - an introduction to phycology. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 623p.
Wynne, M. J. 2005. A checklist of benthic marine algae of the tropical and subtropical western Atlantic: second revision. Nova Hedwigia 129: 1-152.

Datas de Publicação

Publicação nesta coleção
Oct-Dec 2008

Histórico

Recebido
Out 2007
Aceito
Jun 2008

Este é um artigo publicado em acesso aberto (Open Access) sob a licença Creative Commons Attribution, que permite uso, distribuição e reprodução em qualquer meio, sem restrições desde que o trabalho original seja corretamente citado.

[1] Baker J. R. J. & Evans L.V. 1973. The shipfouling alga Ectocarpus II. Ultrastructure of the unilocular reproductive stages. Protoplasma 77: 181-189.

[2] Bold, H. C. & Wynne, M. J. 1985. Introduction to the Algae: structure and reproduction. 2ed. Princeton Hall, New Jersey, 719p.

[3] Bozzola, J. B. & Russell, L. D. 1992. Electron microscopy. Jones and Bartlett Publishers, London, 542p.

[4] Bouck, G. B. 1965. Fine structure and organelle associations in brown algae. Journal of Cell Biology 26: 523-535.

[5] Bouzon, Z. L.; Ouriques, L. C. & Oliveira, E. C. 2005. Ultrastructure of tetraspore germination in the agar-producing seaweed Gelidium floridanum (Gelidiales, Rhodophyta). Phycologia 44: 409-415.

[6] Clayton, M. N. 1984. An electron microscope study of gamete release and settling in the complanate from of Scytosipon (Scytosiphonaceae, Phaeophyta). Journal of Phycology 20: 276-285.

[7] Clayton, M. N. & Beakes, G. W. 1983. Effects of fixatives on the ultrastructure of physodes in vegetative cells of Scytosiphon lomentaria (Scytosiphonales, Pheaophyta). Journal of Phycology 19: 4-16.

[8] Cole, K. 1970. Ultrastructural characteristics in some species in the Scytosiphonales. Phycologia 9: 275-283.

[9] Chung, I. K K.; Ledbetter, M. C. & Brinkhuis, B. H. 1987. Fine structure of Laminaria saccharina (L.) Lamour. The Korean Journal of Phycology 22: 147-171.

[10] Delépine, R.; Asensi A. & Guglielmi G. 1976. Nouveaux types d'ultrastructure plastidiale chez les Phéophycées. Phycologia 15: 425-434.

[11] Evans, L. V. 1960. Distribution of pyrenoids among some brown algae. Journal of Cell Sciences 1: 449-454.

[12] Galatis, B.; Katsaros, C. & Mitrakos, K. 1977. Fine structure of vegetative cells of Sphacelaria tribuloides Menegh. (Phaeophyta, Sphacelariales) with special reference to some unusual proliferations of the plasmalemma. Phycologia 16: 139-151.

[13] Griffiths, D. J. 1979. The pyrenoid. Botanical Review 36: 29-58.

[14] Gunning, B. E. S. & Steer, M. W. 1996. Plant cell biology - structure and function. Jones and Bartlett Publishers, Boston.

[15] Herth, W. & Schnepf, E. 1980. The fluorochrome, calcofluor white, binds oriented to structural polysacchride fibrils. Protoplasma 105: 129-133.

[16] Hori, T. 1972. Further survey of pyrenoid distribuition in Japan brown algae. Botanical Magazine 85: 125-134.

[17] Katsaros, C. & Galatis, B. 1986. Ultrastructural studies on zoosporogenesis of Halopteris filicina (Sphacelariales, Phaeophyta). Phycologia 25: 358-370.

[18] Katsaros, C. & Pentaris, K. 1994. The ultrastructure of tetrasporogenesis in Dictyota dichotoma (Hudson) Lamourou (dictyotales, Phaeophyceae). Japanese Journal of Phycology 42: 281-290.

[19] Kim, G. H. & Fritz, L. 1993. Ultrastucture and cytochemistry of early spermatangial development in Antithamnion nipponicum (Ceramiaceae, Rhodophyta). Journal of Phycology 29: 797-805.

[20] Lee, R. E. 1989. Phycology. 2ed. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 645p.

[21] Magne, F. 1976. Quelques caractères cytologiques particuliers du Bachelotia antillarum (Phéophycées, Ectocarpales). Phycologia 15: 309-319.

[22] Markey, D. R. & Wilce, R. T. 1975. The ultrastructure of reproduction in the brown alga Pylaiella littoralis I. Mitosis and cytokinesis in the plurilocular gametangia. Protoplasma 85: 219-241.

[23] Markey, D. R. & Wilce, R. T. 1976a. The ultrastructure of reproduction in the brown alga Pylaiella littoralis II. Zoosporogenesis in the unilocular sporangia. Protoplasma. 88: 147-173.

[24] Markey, D. R. & Wilce, R. T. 1976b. The ultrastructure of reproduction in the brown alga Pylaiella littoralis III. Later stages of gametogenesis in the plurilocular gametangia. Protoplasma 88: 175-186.

[25] McCully, M. 1968. Histological studies on the genus Fucus Protoplasma 62: 20-40.

[26] Motomura, T., Ichimura, T. & Melkonian, M. 1997. Coordicative of fertilization and parthenogenesis in Laminaria angustata (Laminariales, Phaeophyta). Journal of Phycology 33: 266-271.

[27] Müller, D. G. & Parodi, E. 1994. Asteronema rhodochortonoides nov. comb. (Ectocarpales, Phaeophyceae) - a newly recognized taxon with stellate chloroplast arrangement. Phycologia 33: 471-474.

[28] Müller, D. G.; Parodi, E. & Peters, A. F. 1998. Asterocladon lobatum gen. et sp. nov., a new brown alga with stellate chloroplast arrangement, and its systematic position judged from nuclear rDNA sequences. Phycologia 37: 425-432.

[29] Nagasato, C. & Motomura, T. 2002. New pyrenoid formation the brown alga, Scytosiphon lomentaria (Scytosiphonales, Phaeophyceae). Journal of Phycology 38: 800-806.

[30] Ouriques, L. C. & Bouzon, Z. L. 2000. Stellate chloroplast organization in Asteronema breviarticulatum comb. nov. (Ectocarpales, Phaeophyta). Phycologia 39: 267-271.

[31] ______ & Bouzon, Z. L. 2005. Spore development in red algae. A case study with Nemalion helminthoides (Nemaliales, Rhodophyta). Algological Studies 116: 115-127.

[32] Ouriques, L. C. & Cordeiro-Marino, M. 2004. Levantamento florístico das ordens Ectocarpales, Chordariales, Scytosiphonales e Sphacelariales (Phaeophyta) do litoral do estado de Santa Catarina, Brasil. Hoehnea 31: 293-312.

[33] Peters, A. F. & Clayton, M. N. 1998. Molecular and morphological investigations of three brown algal genera with stellate plastids: evidence for Scytothamnales ord. nov. (Phaeophyceae). Phycologia 37: 106-113.

[34] Rousseau, F. & Reviers, B. 1999. Circunscription of the order Ectocarpales (Phaeophyta): bibliographical synthesis and molecular evidence. Crytogamie Algologie 20: 5-18.

[35] Ruzin, S. E. 1999. Plant microtechnique and microscopy. Oxford University Press, Oxford, 322p.

[36] Salgado, L. T.; Tomazetto, R.; Cinelli, L. P.; Farina, M. & Amado Filho, G. M. 2007. The influence of brown algae alginates on phenolic compounds capability of ultraviolet radiation absorption in vitro Brazilian Journal of Oceanography 55: 145-154.

[37] Schoenwaelder, M. E. A. 2002. The occurrence and cellular significance of physodes in brown algae. Phycologia 41: 125-139.

[38] Schoenwaelder, M. E. A. & Clayton, M. N. 2000. Physodes formation in embryos of Phyllospora comosa and Hormosira banksii (Phaeophyceae). Phycologia 39: 1-9.

[39] Sengbusch, P. V.; Mix, M.; Wachholz, I. & Manshard, E. 1982. FITC-Labeled lectins and calcofluor white ST as probes for the investigation of the molecular architecture of cell surfaces. Studies on conjugatophycean species. Protoplasma 111: 38-52.

[40] ______ & Müller, U. 1983. Distribution of glycoconjugates at algal cell surfaces as monitored by FITC-conjugates lectins. Studies on selected species from Cyanophyta, Pyrrhophyta, Raphidophyta, Euglenophyta, Chromophyta and Chlorophyta Protoplasma 114: 103-113.

[41] Terui, S.; Suzuki, K. & Takahashi, H. 1995. Synchronization of chloroplast division in the ultramicroalga Cyanidioschyzon merolae (Rhodophyta) by tretment with light and aphidicolin. Journal of Phycology 31: 958-961.

[42] Van Den Hoek, C.; Mann, D. G. & Jahns, H. M. 1995. Algae - an introduction to phycology. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 623p.

[43] Wynne, M. J. 2005. A checklist of benthic marine algae of the tropical and subtropical western Atlantic: second revision. Nova Hedwigia 129: 1-152.

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