Effect of acid challenge and photoactivation distance on microhardness and roughness of flow bulk-fill composite resins

FRANK, Luana; VIEIRA JUNIOR, Waldemir Francisco; BASTING, Roberta Tarkany; TURSSI, Cecília Pedroso; AMARAL, Flávia Lucisano Botelho do; FRANÇA, Fabiana Mantovani Gomes

doi:10.1590/1807-2577.03222

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Revista de Odontologia da UNESP

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Original Article • Rev. Odontol. UNESP 51 • 2022 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-2577.03222 copy

Effect of acid challenge and photoactivation distance on microhardness and roughness of flow bulk-fill composite resins

Efeito do desafio ácido e distância de fotoativação na microdureza e rugosidade de resinas compostas bulk-fill flow

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

Introduction

composite resins are indicated to the reconstruction of proximal walls and the evaluation of properties of flow bulk-fill composite resins exposed to acid challenge is necessary.

Objective

to evaluate the microhardness and roughness at different depths of photoactivation of bulk-fill flow composites (Filtek Bulk Fill Flow; SureFil SDR Flow; Tetric N Ceram Bulk fill) and conventional composite resin (control, Filtek Z350 XT) subjected to acid challenge.

Material and method

forty composites brick shaped specimens (3x3x4 mm) were made using a polyacetal matrix. To simulate pH challenges, the samples were immersed in a demineralizing solution. Each sample had Knoop microhardness (KHN) and roughness (Ra) evaluated at three depths (superficial, medium, and cervical), considering the lateral surface of the sample. Data were submitted to Kruskal-Wallis, Friedman's and Dunn's tests with a significance level of 5%.

Result

comparing the composites among themselves, in superficial (p=0.693), medium (p=0.053) and cervical (p=0.176) regions, there was no difference in the KHN values. There were also no differences in roughness between the composites in superficial (p=0.356), medium (p=0.734) and cervical (p=0.207) regions. Only the Filtek Z350 XT (p=0.027) showed less difference in KHN in the middle region caused by acid challenge. Changes in roughness showed that the greatest difference was at the cervical region for Bulk Fill Flow SDR (p=0.014) and Tetric N-Ceram Bulk Fill (p = 0.003) with an increase after acid challenge.

Conclusion

after acid challenge, bulk-fill flow composites showed alterations similar to those presented by the conventional nanoparticulate resin composite.

Descriptors:
Composite resins; dental restoration; dental caries

Material/Manufacturer	Composition (percentages by weight)	Instructions
SureFill SDR Flow Dentsply Caulk, Milford, DE, USA Lot: 00013282	Matrix: Dimethacrylated urethane (<10%), polymerizable dimethacrylate (<10%), ethoxylated bisphenol A, dimethacrylate, pigments, photoinitiator. Inorganic loading: barium, boron aminofluorsilicate (<50%)	Single increment of 4 mm photoactivation for 40 seconds.
Tetric N Ceram Bulkfill Ivoclar Vivadent AG, Schaan, Liechtenstein Lot: x18772	Organic matrix: Bis GMA (<10%); UDMA (<10%), Bis EMA; Dimethacrylates. Inorganic loading: barium glass, prepolymer, ytterbium trifluoride and mixed oxides (<10%).	4 mm layer insertion, photoactivation for 40 seconds.
Filtek Bulk Fill Flow 3M / ESPE, St Paul, MN, USA Lot: 1817000639	UDMA (10-20%); substituted dimethacrylate; BisGMA; BisGMA; benzotriazole; TEGDMA and ethyl 4-dimethylaminobenzoate. Ytterbium fluoride (1-10%), treated silanized ceramics (50-60%)	Application with the product tip in a single 4 mm layer insertion, photoactivation for 40 seconds.
Filtek Z350 XT 3M ESPE, Saint Paul, MN, USA Lot: 1816300690	Organic Matrix: Bis-GMA, UDMA,Bis-EMA, PEGDMA and TEGDMA, Fluorescent Agents, Pigments, Stabilizers, Initiators.Inorganic matrix (load): Zirconia / Silica: 3μm or less, Zirconia / Silica Agglomerate, Silica with treated surface: 20nm 67.8%	Inserted incrementally, each of these 2 mm increments thick and 20 seconds photoactivation in each layer.

Property	Composite Resin	Before acid challenge			After acid challenge			Alteration (final – initial)#			Alteration (%)^#
Property	Composite Resin	Superficial	Medium	Cervical	Superficial	Medium	Cervical	Superficial	Medium	Cervical	Superficial	Medium	Cervical
Knoop microhardness (Kg/mm²)	Bulk Fill Flow SDR	28.26 (4.64)	26.77 (2.76)	26.80 (4.24)	22.16 (2.89)	22.60 (7.89)	21.12 (6.24)	-6.10*^a (5.62)	-4.18*^a (9.39)	-5.69*^a (7.69)	-19.71 (15.88)	-13.38 (38.25)	-19.57 (26.70)
	Tetric N-Ceram Bulk Fill	34.41 (7.47)	34.46 (6.31)	37.19 (6.13)	25.32 (7.23)	26.96 (8.66)	27.50 (13.07)	-9.10*^a (9.93)	-7.49*^a (11.96)	-9.70*^a (13.33)	-24.03 (25.91)	-17.79 (37.00)	-25.19 (33.28)
	Filtek Bulk Fill Flow	40.37 (15.90)	37.61 (13.40)	39.99 (8.50)	32.62 (10.93)	33.90 (13.77)	23.70 (6.32)	-7.75*^a (14.22)	-3.71*^a (22.21)	-16.29*^a (10.95)	-14.95 (29.46)	0.96 (51.66)	-37.83 (23.34)
	Filtek Z350 XT	97.65 (27.47)	95.91 (33.56)	93.99 (30.64)	75.93 (27.88)	61.79 (22.22)	64.65 (24.24)	-21.72*^a (29.30)	- 34.12*^b (43.55)	-29.33*^ab (42.91)	-20.97 (25.68)	-30.21 (31.28)	-25.02 (34.88)
Surface roughness (µm)	Bulk Fill Flow SDR	0.607(0.146)	0.559 (0.144)	0.586 (0.238)	0.447 (0.113)	0.606 (0.231)	1.045 (0.435)	-0.160*^a (0.151)	0.047*^a (0.208)	0.458*^b (0.420)	-23.41 (21.02)	9.81 (39.11)	94.29 (93.36)
	Tetric N-Ceram Bulk Fill	0.523 (0.141)	0.502 (0.100)	0.485 (0.122)	0.454 (0.130)	0.509 (0.234)	0.647 (0.277)	-0.069*^a (0.136)	0.008*^a (0.179)	0.162*^b (0.239)	-10.23 (23.70)	-0.43 (31.69)	34.17 (49.31)
	Filtek Bulk Fill Flow	0.560 (0.091)	0.551 (0.181)	0.570 (0.155)	0.428 (0.120)	0.486 (0.127)	0.737 (0.307)	-0.132*^a (0.135)	- 0.065*^a (0.230)	0.167*^a (0.411)	-22.22 (23.34)	-1.65 (47.27)	46.14 (92.59)
	Filtek Z350 XT	0.796 (0.260)	0.864 (0.299)	0.821 (0.142)	0.722 (0.109)	0.820 (0.197)	0.928 (0.224)	-0.075*^a (0.195)	- 0.045*^a (0.315)	0.107*^a (0.208)	-4.15 (20.64)	2.40 (37.12)	14.37 (28.13)

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[1] CONFLICTS OF INTERESTS

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.