BACKGROUND: Five decades after use and dissemination of use of drugs for the treatment of schizophrenia, with different pharmacologic profiles, it has been evidenced that these drugs display a large profile of adverse events other than endocrinological and neurological, including weight gain, metabolic disorders, increased frequency of cardiovascular disorders and premature death associated to common disorders. These evidences, aggravated by the lack of synthetic and clear description of guidelines for the clinical practitioner, points to the need of comprehensive studies about weight gain and metabolic disturbances followed by clear and simple guidelines orienting drug selection and measures for prevention and treatment of weight and metabolic disturbances. OBJECTIVE: Identification of frequency and type of weight and metabolic disturbances in people diagnosed with schizophrenia, before and after the use of different antipsychotics. METHODS: A PubMed and Scielo review of the last 5 years using descriptors such as weight, metabolic syndrome AND schizophrenia, and after that, the authors selected articles with clinical data. RESULT: Increased weight, dislipidemia and metabolic syndrome in subjects with schizophrenia, before, was evidenced during and after drug use, especially new-generation drugs, with overall rates around 2 times the general population, resulting in a 20% reduction of life expectancy in these patients. CONCLUSION: The evidence of elevated risk for overweight and metabolic syndrome and the lack of defined criteria for risk assessment for weight gain before drug use (despite of increased pre-drug use risk with clozapine and olanzapine) it is recommended active follow-up of patients under antipsychotic drug use, with drug change when observed 5% or more weight gain, with maintenance of active care of nutritional, lifestyle and activity level. There is also a need of systematic reviews for controlling selection biases associated to the type of methodology of the present review.
Schizophrenia; metabolic disturbances; weight gain
