Data from both animal and human research indicate that psychological stress is associated with altered menstrual function. A number of studies have examined the relationship between more common stressors (job strain, financial worries, daily hassles) and menstrual cycle characteristics, such as cycle length and quality of bleeding, as well as amenorrhea. Numerous investigators have suggested that functional reproductive deficits result primarily from direct actions of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical, probably modulated by a CRH-stimulated increase in the opioid beta-endorphin. The characterization of the psychic envolvement in these conditions represents basic element for the adequate therapeutical approach.
Menstruation; amenorrhea; dysfunctional bleeding; emotional aspects; stress
