OBJECTIVE: To report patients with ambiguous genitalia assisted at the State Institute of Diabetes and Endocrinology of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, in the last five years. METHODS: Retrospective chart review of all cases of ambiguous genitalia, classified according to Danish criteria (1982), who attended follow-up visits in the last five years. The oldest record is from 1981 and the most recent one, 2006. RESULTS: 62 patients with ambiguous genitalia were found: 26 of them assigned as females and 36 as males. The most frequent diagnosis was congenital adrenal hyperplasia (33.9%), followed by syndromic diseases (14.5%) and gonadal dysgenesis (9.7%). The majority of patients with ambiguous genitalia were detected at birth, however, the mean age at the diagnosis was 7.2 years (zero to 42 years). CONCLUSIONS: Genital ambiguity is not a specific disease, but a set of problems that directs the physician to search specific diagnosis. The frequency of this condition depends on the diagnostic criteria used. Adopting amplified criteria in order to diagnose genital ambiguity will increase the possibility of early detention and adequate handling of these patients.
genitalia; sexual differentiation; etiology
