ASSOCIATED FACTORS WITH THE ISOLATED AND SIMULTANEOUS PRESENCE OF OVERWEIGHT AND ABDOMINAL OBESITY IN ADOLESCENTS

Lima, Tiago Rodrigues de; Moraes, Mikael Seabra; Andrade, Joaquim Huaina Cintra; Farias, Joni Márcio de; Silva, Diego Augusto Santos

doi:10.1590/1984-0462/2020/38/2018332

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Brasil

Revista Paulista de Pediatria

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Sumário

ORIGINAL ARTICLE • Rev. paul. pediatr. 38 • 2020 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1984-0462/2020/38/2018332 copy

ASSOCIATED FACTORS WITH THE ISOLATED AND SIMULTANEOUS PRESENCE OF OVERWEIGHT AND ABDOMINAL OBESITY IN ADOLESCENTS

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Objective:

To analyze the sociodemographic and lifestyle factors associated with excessive weight (EW), abdominal obesity (AO) and the simultaneous presence of EW and AO in adolescents from Southern Brazil.

Methods:

Cross-sectional study with 583 adolescents (11 to 17 years old) of Criciúma, Santa Catarina, Brazil. EW was assessed by body mass index (BMI) and AO by waist circumference (WC). The independent variables analyzed were gender, age, maternal schooling, balanced diet, physical activity, cigarette use, excessive alcohol use and screen time. Binary logistic regression was used to estimate Odds Ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI).

Results:

Boys had 58% higher likelihood of having EW (OR 1.58; 95%CI 1.08-2.29; p<0.05). Younger age group (11 to 14 years) was directly associated with higher likelihood of EW (OR 6.07; 95%CI 4.05-9.11; p<0.05). Adolescents whose mothers had higher education had 75% more likelihood of having AO (OR 1.75; 95%CI 1.01-3.00; p<0.05). Higher likelihood for EW and AO (OR 1.84; 95%CI 1.01-3.34; p<0.05) was identified in younger adolescents (11 to 14 years).

Conclusions:

Boys and younger age (11 to 14 years) were associated with a higher likelihood of EW. Adolescents whose mothers studied nine years or more were more likely to have AO. The younger age group (11 to 14 years) was associated with greater chances for the simultaneous presence of EW and AO.

Keywords:
Epidemiology; Adolescent health; Risk factors; Public health; Cross-sectional studies

Variables	n (%)	Excess weight^b			Abdominal obesity^b			Excess weight and abdominal obesity^b
Variables	n (%)	n	%(95%CI)	p-value	n	%(95%CI)	p-value	n	%(95%CI)	p-value
Total	583 (100.0)	196	33.6 (29.9-37.5)		68	11.7 (9.3-14.6)		59	10.3 (7.9-12.8)
Gender
Male	283 (48.5)	109	55.6 (48.5-62.5)	0.01^a	27	39.7 (28.6-52.0)	<0.12	59	27	45.8 (33.2-58.8)	0.64
Female	300 (51.5)	87	44.4 (37.5-51.5)	0.01^a	41	60.3 (48.0-71.4)	<0.12	32	54.2 (41.1-66.8)		0.64
Age group (years)
11 to 14	308 (52.8)	156	79.6 (73.3-84.7)	0.01^a	36	52.9 (40.8-64.7)	0.98	36	61.0 (57.7-72.8)	0.01
15 to 17	275 (47.2)	49	20.4 (15.3-26.7)	0.01^a	32	47.1 (35.3-59.2)	0.98	23	39.0 (27.1-47.3)	0.01
Maternal schooling
≤8 years	258 (44.2)	100	51.0 (43.9-58.0)	0.02^a	22	32.3 (22.1-44.6)	0.03^a	21	35.6 (24.2-48.9)	0.15
9 or more years	325 (55.8)	96	49.0 (42.0-56.0)	0.02^a	46	67.7 (55.4-77.9)	0.03^a	38	64.4 (51.1-75.8)	0.15
Balanced diet
Often	279 (47.8)	94	47.9 (40.9-55.1)	0.97	29	42.6 (31.2-54.9)	0.35	24	40.7 (28.6-53.9)	0.24
Sporadically	304 (52.2)	102	52.0 (45.0-59.0)	0.97	39	57.4 (45.1-68.8)	0.35	35	59.3 (46.0-71.3)	0.24
Physical activity
Active	26 (4.5)	12	6.1 (3.5-10.5)	0.17	02	3.0 (0.7-11.3)	0.51	02	3.3 (0.8-13.0)	0.67
Little active	557 (95.5)	184	93.9 (89.4-96.5)	0.17	66	97.0 (88.6-99.3)	0.51	57	96.7 (86.7-99.2)	0.67
Cigarette smoking
No	533 (91.4)	177	90.3 (85.2-93.7)	0.49	65	95.6 (86.8-98.6)	0.19	56	94.9 (84.9-98.4)	0.31
Yes	50 (8.6)	19	9.7 (6.2-14.7)	0.49	03	4.4 (1.4-13.1)	0.19	03	5.1 (1.6-15.0)	0.31
Excessive alcohol consumption
No	459 (78.7)	162	82.6 (76.6-87.4)	0.10	50	73.5 (61.5-82.8)	0.28	45	76.3 (63.4-85.6)	0.63
Yes	124 (21.3)	34	17.4 (12.6-23.3)	0.10	18	26.5 (17.1-38.5)	0.28	14	23.7 (14.4-36.6)	0.63
Screen time
<4 hours/day	211 (36.2)	70	35.7 (29.2-42.7)	0.86	30	44.1 (32.6-56.3)	0.15	27	45.8 (33.2-58.8)	0.11
≥4 hours/day	372 (63.8)	126	64.3 (57.3-70.7)	0.86	38	55.9 (43.6-67.4)	0.15	32	54.2 (41.1-66.8)	0.11

Variables	Excess weight				Abdominal obesity
	Crude analysis		Adjusted analysis^b		Crude analysis		Adjusted analysis^b
	OR	(95%CI)	OR	(95%CI)	OR	(95%CI)	OR	(95%CI)
Gender
Female	1	(1.08-2.17)	1	(1.08-2.29)	1	(0.39-1.11)	1	(0.41-1.18)
Male	1.53	(1.08-2.17)	1.58^a	(1.08-2.29)	0.66	(0.39-1.11)	0.70	(0.41-1.18)
Age group (years)
15 to 17	1	(4.03-9.02)	1	(4.05-9.11)	1	(0.60-1.66)	1	(0.75-2.27)
11 to 14	6.03	(4.03-9.02)	6.07^a	(4.05-9.11)	0.99	(0.60-1.66)	1.31	(0.75-2.27)
Maternal schooling
≤8 years	1	(0.46-0.93)	1	(0.58-1.24)	1	(1.03-3.03)	1	(1.01-3.00)
9 or more years	0.66	(0.46-0.93)	0.85	(0.58-1.24)	1.77^a	(1.03-3.03)	1.75	(1.01-3.00)
Balanced diet
Often	1	(0.70-1.40)	1	(0.77-1.64)	1	(0.57-3.85)	1	(0.73-2.06)
Sporadically	0.99	(0.70-1.40)	1.12	(0.77-1.64)	1.48	(0.57-3.85)	1.23	(0.73-2.06)
Physical activity
Active	1	(0.26-1.27)	1	(0.25-1.42)	1	(0.37-7.02)	1	(0.30-5.91)
Little active	0.57	(0.26-1.27)	0.59	(0.25-1.42)	1.62	(0.37-7.02)	1.33	(0.30-5.91)
Cigarette smoking
No	1	(0.68-2.24)	1	(0.47-1.83)	1	(0.13-1.50)	1	(0.82-2.74)
Yes	1.23	(0.68-2.24)	0.93	(0.47-1.83)	0.45	(0.13-1.50)	1.50	(0.82-2.74)
Excessive alcohol consumption
No	1	(0.44-1.07)	1	(0.71-1.95)	1	(0.77-2.46)	1	(0.82-2.74)
Yes	0.69	(0.44-1.07)	1.18	(0.71-1.95)	1.38	(0.77-2.46)	1.50	(0.82-2.74)
Screen time
<4 hours/day	1	(0.72-1.47)	1	(0.59-1.30)	1	(0.41-1.14)	1	(0.40-1.15)
≥4 hours/day	1.03	(0.72-1.47)	0.87	(0.59-1.30)	0.68	(0.41-1.14)	0.68	(0.40-1.15)

Variables	OR	Crude analysis	p	OR	Adjusted analysis^b
Variables	OR	(95%CI)	p	OR	(95%CI)	p
Gender
Female	1	(0.51-1.51)	0.64	1	(0.53-1.60)	0.77
Male	0.88	(0.51-1.51)	0.64	0.92	(0.53-1.60)	0.77
Age group (years)
15 to 17	1	(0.83-2.52)	0.05	1	(1.01-3.34)	0.04
11 to 14	1.45	(0.83-2.52)	0.05	1.84^a	(1.01-3.34)	0.04
Maternal schooling
≤8 years	1	(0.85-2.62)	0.16	1	(0.92-2.89)	0.09
9 or more years	1.49	(0.85-2.62)	0.16	1.63	(0.92-2.89)	0.09
Balanced diet
Often	1	(0.80-2.40)	0.24	1	(0.79-2.40)	0.26
Sporadically	1.39	(0.80-2.40)	0.24	1.37	(0.79-2.40)	0.26
Physical activity
Active	1	(0.31-5.95)	0.67	1	(0.27-5.28)	0.82
Little active	1.37	(0.31-5.95)	0.67	1.19	(0.27-5.28)	0.82
Cigarette smoking
No	1	(0.16-1.80)	0.24	1	(0.12-1.49)	0.18
Yes	0.54	(0.16-1.80)	0.24	0.43	(0.12-1.49)	0.18
Excessive alcohol consumption
No	1	(0.61-2.20)	0.63	1	(0.79-3.20)	0.19
Yes	1.16	(0.61-2.20)	0.63	1.59	(0.79-3.20)	0.19
Screen time
<4 hours/day	1	(0.37-1.10)	0.82	1	(0.34-1.03)	0.07
≥4 hours/day	0.64	(0.37-1.10)	0.82	0.59	(0.34-1.03)	0.07

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[1] *Corresponding author. E-mail: tiagopersonaltrainer@gmail.com (T.R. Lima).