Association between fat mass index and fat-free mass index values and cardiovascular risk in adolescents

Oliveira, Patrícia Morais de; Silva, Fabiana Almeida da; Oliveira, Renata Maria Souza; Mendes, Larissa Loures; Pereira Netto, Michele; Cândido, Ana Paula Carlos

doi:10.1016/j.rppede.2015.06.020

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Original Articles • Rev. paul. pediatr. 34 (1) • Jan-Mar 2016 • https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rppede.2015.06.020 copy

Association between fat mass index and fat-free mass index values and cardiovascular risk in adolescents

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

Objective:

To describe the association between fat mass index and fat-free mass index values and factors associated with cardiovascular risk in adolescents in the city of Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais.

Methods:

Cross-sectional study was with 403 adolescents aged 10–14 years, from public and private schools. Anthropometric, clinical, and biochemical measurements were obtained, as well as self-reported time spent performing physical exercises, sedentary activities and sexual maturation stage.

Results:

Regarding the nutritional status, 66.5% of the adolescents had normal weight, 19.9% were overweight and 10.2% were obese. For both genders, the fat mass index was higher in adolescents who had high serum triglycerides, body mass index and waist circumference.

Conclusions:

Adolescents who had anthropometric, clinical and biochemical characteristics considered to be at risk for the development of cardiovascular disease had higher values of fat mass index. Different methodologies for the assessment of body composition make health promotion and disease prevention more effective.

KEYWORDS
Cardiovascular diseases/risk factors; Adolescent/growth and development; Body composition; Body fat

Variable	Girls (n=218)		Boys (n=185)		p- value ^a a Student's t -test.
	n	Mean±SD	n	Mean±SD
Age (years)	218	12.4±1.1	185	12.3±1.1	0.30
Height (cm)	217	155.5±8.5	185	155.8±10.4	0.74
Weight (kg)	217	49.3±13.2	185	48.0±12.8	0.33
BMI (kg/m²)	218	20.2±4.6	185	19.5±3.5	0.16
Bipolar body fat (%)	209	25.3±7.8	175	17.5±7.7	<0.01
Waist circumference (cm)	213	66.9±9.9	183	67.7±9.7	0.39
Sum of 4 folds (mm)	197	60.7±26.1	170	50.1±26.0	<0.01
Sum of triceps and subscapular folds (mm)	197	31.5±13.1	170	26.7±13.1	<0.01
Fat-free mass (kg)	218	33.9±8.3	185	35±12.4	0.30
Fat-free mass index	218	13.9±2.9	185	14.2±4.1	0.42
Fat mass (kg)	218	13.9±8.8	185	10.3±6.4	<0.01
Fat mass index	218	5.7±3.4	185	4.8±2.5	<0.01
Mean systolic blood pressure (mmHg)	218	109.0±9.9	184	110.3±10.8	0.22
Mean diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)	218	68.1±6.5	184	66.5±7.0	<0.05
Physical activity time (min/week)	213	171.4±120.8	181	269.1±165.7	<0.01
Time watching TV, video game, and computer (h/week)	213	8.0±4.5	183	10.6±5.4	<0.01
Total cholesterol (mg/dL)	202	153.1±26.2	176	150.4±25.9	0.32
Glucose (mg/dL)	201	82.2±7.9	173	82.4±9.6	0.88
Triglycerides (mg/dL)	202	69.6±30.7	176	67.2±32.3	0.47
High density lipoprotein cholesterol (mg/dL)	162	48.7±8.9	145	46.7±11.2	0.09
Low density lipoprotein cholesterol (mg/dL)	162	90.9±23.3	145	90.8±20.5	0.95

Variables		n	Fat-free mass Mean±SD	Fat-free mass index Mean±SD	Fat mass Mean±SD	Fat mass index Mean±SD
Body mass index
	<P85	155	32.1±7.3 ^* * p <0.01;.	13.4±2.6 ^* * p <0.01;.	10.0±4.4 ^* * p <0.01;.	4.1±1.6 ^* * p <0.01;.
	>P85	62	38.7±7.7 ^* * p <0.01;.	15.5±2.4 ^* * p <0.01;.	24.0±8.9 ^* * p <0.01;.	9.6±3.3^a^* * p <0.01;.

Bipolar fat
	<30%	154	32.2±7.3 ^* * p <0.01;.	13.4±2.6 ^* * p <0.01;.	10.2±4.4 ^* * p <0.01;.	4.2±1.7 ^* * p <0.01;.
	>30%	54	39.2±8.0 ^* * p <0.01;.	15.6±2.6 ^* * p <0.01;.	25.0±9.0 ^* * p <0.01;.	9.9±3.4 ^* * p <0.01;.

Waist circumference
	<P 85	165	32.3±7.2 ^* * p <0.01;.	13.5±2.5 ^* * p <0.01;.	10.6±4.8 ^* * p <0.01;.	4.4±1.9 ^* * p <0.01;.
	>P 85	48	39.3±8.2 ^* * p <0.01;.	15.5±2.8 ^* * p <0.01;.	25.3±9.6 ^* * p <0.01;.	10.0±3.6 ^* * p <0.01;.

Systolic blood pressure
	<P90	198	33.7±7.6	13.9±2.5	13.2±7.7 ^* * p <0.01;.	5.4±2.99 ^* * p <0.01;.
	>P90	19	35.7±13.9	13.9±5.2	21.8±13.9 ^* * p <0.01;.	8.5±5.4 ^* * p <0.01;.

Diastolic blood pressure
	<P90	202	34.1±7.8	14.0±2.6	13.9±8.2	5.6±3.1
	>P90	15	31.1±13.3	12.9±5.3	15.1±14.4	6.2±5.7

Physical activity
	>300min/week	21	35.0±6.3	14.8±1.6	15.2±9.4	6.3±3.6
	<300min/weeka	192	33.7±8.5	13.8±3.0	13.8±8.7	5.6±3.3

Sexual maturation
	Prepubertal	54	28.6±8.1*^a	13.0±3.3*^a	9.5±6.5*^a	4.2±2.7*^a
	Pubertal	150	35.4±6.7*^b	14.2±2.4*^b	14.8±7.6*^b	5.9±3.0*^b
	Postpubertal	7	43.9±7.4*^c	16.2±1.9*^b	31.7±17.2*^c	11.8±6.7*^c

Total cholesterol
	<150mg/dL	94	34.8±8.9	13.9±3.2	14.0±8.1	5.6±3.1
	>150mg/dL	108	33.5±8.0	13.9±2.7	14.4±9.4	5.8±3.6

Glucose
	<100mg/dL	198	34.0±8.5	13.9±3.0	14.1±8.8	5.7±3.4
	>100mg/dL	3	34.1±4.5	13.7±0.8	14.8±10.1	5.8±3.9

Triglycerides
	<100mg/dL	171	33.7±8.6	13.8±3.1	13.5±8.0 ^ p <0.05.	5.4±3.0 ^ p <0.05.
	>100mg/dL	31	36.2±7.2	14.8±1.8	17.7±12.1 ^ p <0.05.	7.2±4.7 ^ p <0.05.

High density lipoprotein cholesterol
	>45mg/dL	111	32.7±8.4 ^* * p <0.01;.	13.4±3.1 ^* * p <0.01;.	12.9±8.1 ^* * p <0.01;.	5.2±3.1 ^* * p <0.01;.
	<45mg/dL	51	37.0±8.3 ^* * p <0.01;.	14.8±2.8 ^* * p <0.01;.	18.1±10.0 ^* * p <0.01;.	7.2±3.9 ^* * p <0.01;.

Low density lipoprotein cholesterol
	<100mg/dL	104	34.4±9.2	13.8±3.4	14.2±8.0	5.6±3.0
	>100mg/dL	58	33.4±7.3	14.1±2.4	15.3±10.7	6.3±4.1

Variables		n	Fat-free mass Mean±SD	Fat-free mass index Mean±SD	Fat mass Mean±SD	Fat mass index Mean±SD
Body mass index
	<P 85	124	32.5±11.3 ^* * p <0.01;	13.4±3.9 ^* * p <0.01;	7.1±3.2 ^* * p <0.01;	3.6±1.7 ^* * p <0.01;
	>P 85	59	40.7±11.9 ^* * p <0.01;	16.1±3.4 ^* * p <0.01;	17.3±5.9 ^* * p <0.01;	7.2±1.8 ^* * p <0.01;

Bipolar fat
	<25%	148	33.8±12.6 ^ p <0.05.	13.7±4.2 ^ p <0.05.	8.3±4.4 ^* * p <0.01;	4.0±1.9 ^* * p <0.01;
	>25%	31	38.9±10.2 ^ p <0.05.	16.1±3.2 ^ p <0.05.	19.6±6.0 ^* * p <0.01;	8.4±1.5 ^* * p <0.01;

Waist circumference
	<P 85	138	32.1±12.0 ^* * p <0.01;	13.3±4.3 ^* * p <0.01;	7.4±3.7 ^* * p <0.01;	3.9±1.9 ^* * p <0.01;
	>P 85	45	44.0±8.8 ^* * p <0.01;	16.9±1.4 ^* * p <0.01;	19.1±4.8 ^* * p <0.01;	7.5±1.9 ^* * p <0.01;

Systolic blood pressure
	<P 90	161	34.1±12.4 ^ p <0.05.	14.0±4.2	9.8±6.2 ^ p <0.05.	4.7±2.4
	>P 90	21	41.2±11.1 ^ p <0.05.	15.8±2.0	13.8±7.4 ^ p <0.05.	5.3±2.7

Diastolic blood pressure
	<P 90	172	34.7±12.5	14.1±4.2	10.2±6.4	4.7±2.4
	>P 90	11	39.1±9.2	15.5±1.6	12.0±5.6	4.9±2.8

Physical activity
	>300min/week	47	35.0±14.0	14.1±4.7	9.6±6.0	4.7±2.4
	<300min/week	134	34.9±11.9	14.2±3.9	10.5±6.6	4.8±2.5

Sexual maturation
	Prepubertal	68	29.0±11.0*^a	12.9±4.6 ^ p <0.05. ^a	9.2±5.9^a	5.0±2.6^a
	Pubertal	105	38.9±11.5*^b	15.0±3.4 ^ p <0.05. ^b	11.0±6.5^a	4.6±2.4^a
	Postpubertal	4	35.1±24.3*^a	12.2±8.3 ^ p <0.05. ^a	11.7±11.5^a	6.2±3.1^a

Total cholesterol
	<150mg/dL	84	38.0±13.0 ^ p <0.05.	14.7±4.1	11.2±6.5	4.9±2.4
	>150mg/dL	92	33.5±10.0 ^ p <0.05.	14.2±3.4	9.9±6.1	4.6±2.4

Glucose
	<100mg/dL	167	35.5±11.9	14.4±3.8	10.4±6.1 ^ p <0.05.	4.7±2.4
	>100mg/dL	6	40.5±9.3	16.0±2.1	17.0±9.8 ^ p <0.05.	6.5±3.5

Triglycerides
	<100mg/dL	149	35.2±12.4	14.3±3.9	9.8±6.0 ^* * p <0.01;	4.5±2.3 ^ p <0.05.
	>100mg/dL	27	38.0±7.0	15.4±1.8	14.6±7.1 ^* * p <0.01;	5.9±2.9 ^ p <0.05.

High density lipoprotein cholesterol
	>45mg/dL	76	31.9±12.4 ^* * p <0.01;	13.3±4.4 ^* * p <0.01;	8.5±5.1 ^* * p <0.01;	4.4±2.2
	<45mg/dL	69	39.1±10.4 ^* * p <0.01;	15.4±2.6 ^* * p <0.01;	12.5±6.8 ^* * p <0.01;	5.1±2.6

Low density lipoprotein cholesterol
	<100mg/dL	99	36.0±13.2	14.2±4.2	10.2±6.1	4.6±2.3
	>100mg/dL	46	33.9±8.9	14.7±2.7	10.9±6.6	4.9±2.6

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[1] * Corresponding author. E-mail:anapaula.candido@ufjf.edu.br (A.P.C. Cândido).