This article aims at summarizing studies on the most commonly used neuropsychological tests in schizophrenia. A systematic literature review was performed on PubMed, MEDLINE (via PubMed) and LILACS, from 1995 through 2006. The keywords were cognition and schizophrenia; evaluation and cognition and schizophrenia; functioning and cognition and schizophrenia. A manual research of references in most frequently cited articles was performed, including meta-analysis studies, theoretical reviews, and the Measurement and Treatment Research to Improve Cognition in Schizophrenia. Inclusion criteria were studies on schizophrenia patients that reported use of neuropsychological tests. A review of the most frequently cited tests was performed to check nomenclature, indications, and which were validated for Brazil. A total of 98 studies were identified: 77 empirical studies, eight meta-analyses, six theoretical reviews and seven from the Measurement and Treatment Research to Improve Cognition in Schizophrenia. There were 102 different names of neuropsychological tests; 10 batteries of tests were cited, most of them composed by previously standardized subtests. Of the 77 empirical studies, 22 (28.57%) were about validation of instruments or batteries of tests. Of the 10 most frequently cited tests, only three had been validated for Brazil (WCST; Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale; Mini-Mental Status Examination). These findings show a wide heterogeneity in the selection criteria of neuropsychological tests, disagreement as to the nomenclature, and a certain trend toward creation of new tests and batteries for evaluating cognitive functions. The relevance and characteristics of cognitive impairments in schizophrenia confirm the urgent necessity of specific and standardized identification of neuropsychological evaluation methods for Brazilian patients.
Neuropsychological evaluation; neuropsychological tests; cognitive deficits; cognitive functioning; schizophrenia
