The FML (Fucose Mannose Ligand) of Leishmania donovani: a new tool in diagnosis, prognosis, transfusional control and vaccination against human kala-azar

ARTIGO

The FML (Fucose Mannose Ligand) of Leishmania donovani. A new tool in diagnosis, prognosis, transfusional control and vaccination against human kala-azar

Claris B. Palatnik de Sousa; Elza M. Gomes; Edilma Paraguai de Souza; Wania R. dos Santos; Sirley R. de Macedo; Linnete V. de Medeiros; Kleber Luz

Instituto de Microbiologia. Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Centro de Hematologia e Hemoterapia-HEMONORTE. Hospital de Doenças Infecciosas GiseldaTrigueiro. Departamento de Infectologia. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte

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SUMMARY

The Fucose-Mannose Ligand (FML) of Leishmania donovani is a complex glycoproteic fraction. Its potential use as a tool for diagnosis of human visceral leishmaniasis was tested with human sera from Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. The FML-ELISA test, showed 100% sensitivity and 96% specificity, identifying patients with overt kala-azar (p < 0.001, when compared to normal sera), and subjects with subclinical infection. More than 20% apparently healthy subjects with positive reaction to FML developed overt kala-azar during the following 10 months. In the screening of human blood donnors, a prevalence of 5% of sororeactive subjects was detected, attaining 17% in a single day. The GP36 glycoprotein of FHL is specifically reconized by human kala-azar sera. The immunoprotective effect of FML on experimental L. donovanii infection was tested in swiss albino mice. The protection scheemes included three weekly doses of FML, supplemented or not with saponin by the subcutaneous or intraperitoneal routes and challenge with 2x 10⁷ amastigotes of Leishmania donovani. An enhancement of 80.0 % in antibody response (p<0.001) and reduction of 85.5 % parasite liver burden (p<0.001) was detected in animals immunized with FML saponin, unrespectivety of the immunization route.

Key-words: Glycoconjugate. Leishmania donovani. Diagnosis. Prognosis. Kala-azar. Visceral leishmaniasis. Blood transfusion. Leishmanial antigens.

RESUMO

O FML (Ligame de Fucose-Manose) de Leishmania donovani é uma fração glicoproteica complexa. O seu potencial no diagnóstico da leishmaniose visceral humana foi testado com soros provenientes de Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil. O teste de FML-ELISA mostrou 100% de sensibilidade e 96% de especificidade, identificando pacientes com calazar declarado (p<0.001, comparados com soros normais) e indivíduos com infecção subclínica. Mais de 20% dos sororreativos assimptomáticos desenvolveram a doença no prazo de 10 meses. Na análise de doadores de sangue, 5% de sororeativos, atingindo até 17% num único dia foram detectados. A glicoproteínaGP36 do FHL é reconhecida especificamente por soros de pacientes com calazar. O potencial imunoprotetor do FML no calazar experimental foi testado no modelo swiss albino em combinação com saponina pelas vias subcutâneas e/ou intraperitoneal seguido de desafio com 2x 10⁷ amastigolas de Leishmania donovani. Um aumento de 80.0% na resposta de anticorpos específicos (p<0.001) e a redução de 85.5 % da carga parasitária no fígado (p<0.001 )foi detectado nos animais vacinados com FML e saponina, independentemente da via de administração.

Palavras-chaves: Glicoconjugado. Leishmania donovani. Calazar. Transfusão de sangue. Diagnóstico.

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Recebido para publicação em 08/01/96.

Address to:

Dra. Clarisa B. Palatnik de Sousa.

Instituto de Microbiologia/CCS/UFRJ.

C. Universitária. I. do Fundão.

CP: 68040, 21941-590 Rio de Janeiro, RJ.

Publication Dates

• Publication in this collection
  09 Apr 2013
• Date of issue
  Apr 1996

History

• Accepted
  08 Jan 1996
• Received
  08 Jan 1996