Emergent and re-emergent parasites in HIV-infected children: immunological and socio-environmental conditions that are involved in the transmission of Giardia spp. and Cryptosporidium spp.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION:

Emergent and re-emergent waterborne protozoans have become a worldwide public health problem, especially among vulnerable groups.

METHODS:

This cross-sectional study evaluated 17 HIV-infected children and their families.

RESULTS:

A high (76.5%) percentage of parasite-infected children was observed, even among children with CD4⁺ T-cell counts of >200 cells/mm³. Giardia spp., Cryptosporidium spp. and Cyclospora spp. were observed in 41.2% of these children Low income, poor hygiene practices, and co-infection in domestic, peridomestic and scholastic environments were significant sources of these intestinal infections.

CONCLUSIONS:

Early diagnosis, timely treatment, and socio-educational interventions may improve the health conditions of this vulnerable population.

Keywords:
Emerging/re-emerging parasites; Childhood; HIV/AIDS.