Results are presented of a nutrition survey including clinical mid anthropometric measurements done from 1965 to 1967 which included 11.283 people from both urban and rural areas of three states in northeastern Brazil (Alagoas, Rio Grande do Norte and Pernambuco), since it was intended to study the nutritional status of people living in endemic areas of schistosomiasis (Schistosomiasis mansoni). A relatively low frequency of clinical signs of the deficiency diseases were noticed even though the low social and economic standards of these population is quite well known. It is therefore sugested that most of these people possibly have nutritional deficiencies at the metabolic level. The most frequent clinical signs noted, were: angular stomatitis (angular lesions), angular scars, filiform papillary atrophy of the tongue. marginal swelling of the gums, nasolabial seborrhea and pellagrous dermatitis. In general, the clinical signs seemed to be most common among people with S. mansoni, although no statistical significance was found. The hemoglobin levels, as determined on just the rural population (State of Pernambuco), showed very low values, particularly among the people showing clinical signs and infected with both S. mansoni and hookworm, as compared to those with only S. mansoni. Weight and height measurements for the age group 1 to 12 year old showed no estatistically significant results among children with and without deficiency diseases, and children with ami withcut schistosomiasis, which is in disagreement with other reported papers. However, the small percentage of severe (hepato-splenic) clinical forms of Schistosomiasis found in the field, in this age group, may account for the difrefence in findings. From the results presented in this preliminary study, no definitive conclusons can be drawn. However, the probable influence of undernutrition on the evolution of Schistosomiasis mansoni indicates the continuation of this line of research in order to obtain a better understanding of the nutritional aspects of the host-parasite relationships in this helminthosis.