Two cases of rhino-entomophthora-mycosis, a new human disease caused by a phycomycete Entomophthora coronata, are presented. The patients, a girl and a man aged 8 an 44 years respectively, showed a localized disease involving the nose and paranasal areas. The parasite was easily isolated from the first patient but every attempt to cultivate the organisms from the second resulted unsuccessful. Histologically, there were granulomatous formations, fibrosis and edema, around nonseptated hyphae, which appeared surrounded by an amorphous eosinophylic material. Antibodies binding specifically to the hyphae were, demonstrated in one patient's serum. The eosinophylic material around the hyphae contained fibrin and a yellowish autofluorescent component, probably hypofuscin, but neither antibodies, nor antigens could be demonstrated in it. The presentation of the cases is followed by n. general review on rhino-entomophtroro-mycosis, since, that disease may be fo importance to doctors working in Brasil, a tropical country.