Intrafamilial and extrafamilial sexual assault and its association with alcohol consumption

Valle, Rubén; Bernabé-Ortiz, Antonio; Gálvez-Buccollini, Juan Antonio; Gutiérrez, César; Martins, Silvia S

doi:10.11606/S1518-8787.2018052000539

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Original Article • Rev. Saúde Pública 52 • 2018 • https://doi.org/10.11606/S1518-8787.2018052000539 copy

Intrafamilial and extrafamilial sexual assault and its association with alcohol consumption

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE

Analyze the prevalence of intrafamilial and extrafamilial sexual assault in adolescents of Peru and its association with alcohol consumption.

METHODS

We used a two-step and stratified probabilistic sampling to select male and female students in secondary education from all over Peru. The study included data from 54,756 students with information on demographics, alcohol and drug use, and sexual assault. The statistical analysis considered the complex sampling and we conducted two independent analyses by type of sexual assault (intrafamilial and extrafamilial), stratified by the sex of the victim.

RESULTS

The prevalence of life of intrafamilial sexual assaults (5.4%, 95%CI 5.0–5.8) was similar to that of extrafamilial sexual assaults (6.1%, 95%CI 5.6–6.6). Alcohol consumption in the past year was associated with intrafamilial and extrafamilial sexual assaults that occurred in the same period after adjusting for confounders. Alcohol consumption in the past year was associated with non-physical and physical forms of intrafamilial and extrafamilial sexual assaults in the disaggregated analysis by type of assault. Alcohol consumption in the past year was associated with extrafamilial rape only among females (ORa = 2.8; 95%CI 1.3–5.9).

CONCLUSIONS

Sexual assault against adolescent males and females by family members is a frequent form of victimization that is associated with alcohol consumption in Peru. It is important to examine this form of victimization among adolescents, especially those who consume alcohol.

Adolescent; Exposure to Violence; Child Abuse, Sexual; Domestic Violence; Risk Factors; Socioeconomic Factors; Alcohol Drinking; Health Vulnerability

Variable	Intrafamilial		Extrafamilial

	Female (%)	Male (%)	Female (%)	Male (%)
Age (years)
11–13	4.6	4.8	5.5	6.5
14–17	6.6	4.8	6.7	5.6
School
Private	5.8	3.8	5.0	3.6
Public	5.9	5.2	6.7	6.8
Grade
First	4.9	5.5	6.2	8.2
Second	5.0	4.6	6.2	5.7
Third	6.5	4.5	6.2	5.1
Fourth	6.3	5.3	6.4	5.6
Fifth	7.6	3.9	6.6	3.9
Age-appropriate grade
Appropriate	5.8	4.6	6.0	5.5
Older	7.8	7.1	9.2	9.6
Use of illicit drugs
No	5.1	3.2	5.4	4.3
Yes	19.7	19.5	21.3	19.9
Type of school by sex
Female	5.7	NA	5.0	NA
Male	NA	4.9	NA	6.4
Mixed	6.0	4.8	6.5	5.8
Family composition
Both parents	5.2	4.4	5.5	5.5
Father	6.7	6.8	9.0	5.9
Mother	5.9	4.6	6.7	5.9
Father and partner	8.9	6.6	4.4	8.1
Mother and partner	10.8	4.7	10.1	7.7
No parent	7.9	7.5	8.5	7.5
Partner and with parents or in-laws	16.6	10.1	20.2	9.3
Partner	18.3	14.9	22.3	15.0
Relative with criminal record
No	5.0	4.1	5.1	5.1
Yes	8.5	6.7	9.5	7.9

Variable	Intrafamilial		Extrafamilial

	Female (%)	Male (%)	Female (%)	Male (%)
Type of sexual assaults*
They have shown you the genitals	9.1	9.2	10.3	12.7
You have been watched while bathing	8.0	11.1	8.7	10.7
You have been subject to touching on your body	20.8	13.9	15.9	9.4
They have kissed you or wanted to kiss you by force	11.3	8.9	17.1	9.7
They have kissed you or touched your breasts or genitals	7.4	5.0	5.9	6.6
They have forced you to have sex	6.3	4.8	6.7	3.9
You have been drugged for having sex	1.7	2.9	1.5	4.1
Other	9.6	12.1	39.4	47.2
No answer	33.4	32.9	0	0
Frequency (in the last year)
Some times	81.1	75.1	80.8	67.2
Frequently	18.9	24.9	19.2	32.9
Number of different assaulters
One	72.6	76.9	76.7	75.5
More than one	2.9	1.1	1.9	0.9
No answer	24.5	22.0	21.4	23.6
Intrafamilial assaulters
Parents	16.9	25.0	NA	NA
Stepparents	11.6	18.4	NA	NA
Sibling	6.5	9.9	NA	NA
Grandparents	4.0	4.3	NA	NA
Uncle/aunt	16.9	2.8	NA	NA
Other	22.5	18.8	NA	NA
No answer	24.5	22.0	NA	NA
Extrafamilial assaulters
Neighbor	NA	NA	10.3	10.8
Schoolmate/friend	NA	NA	24.9	30.2
Internet friend	NA	NA	3.6	8.5
Lover	NA	NA	8.6	8.7
Teacher	NA	NA	1.6	2.9
Stranger	NA	NA	15.0	3.9
Other	NA	NA	16.9	12.9
No answer	NA	NA	21.4	23.6

Consumption of alcohol in the past year	Intrafamilial				Extrafamilial

	Female		Male		Female		Male

	%	95%CI	%	95%CI	%	95%CI	%	95%CI
Alcohol consumption
No	1.2	1.0–1.4	1.2	1.0–1.5	1.5	1.3–1.7	1.6	1.3–1.9
Yes	3.9	3.2–4.8	4.4	3.6–5.3	4.5	3.8–5.3	4.5	3.7–5.5
Frequency of consumption
No	1.2	1.0–1.4	1.2	1.0–1.5	1.5	1.3–1.7	1.6	1.3–1.9
Once a year	3.4	2.6–4.5	4.2	3.2–5.5	4.1	3.2–5.2	4.2	3.3–5.3
≥ 2 times a year	4.3	3.3–5.7	4.5	3.6–5.7	4.8	3.9–5.9	4.7	3.6–6.1

Sexual assaults	Consumption of alcohol in the past year				Frequency of consumption				Frequency of consumption

					(once a year)				(≥ 2 times a year)

	Female		Male		Female		Male		Female		Male

	ORa	95%CI	ORa	95%CI	ORa	95%CI	ORa	95%CI	ORa	95%CI	ORa	95%CI
Sexual assault (global)
No	1	Ref	1	Ref	1	Ref	1	Ref	1	Ref	1	Ref
Yes	2.3	1.7–3.2	2.4	1.9–3.2	2.4	1.7–3.3	2.7	1.9–3.7	2.3	1.5–3.5	2.3	1.7–3.2
Non-physical
No	1	Ref	1	Ref	1	Ref	1	Ref	1	Ref	1	Ref
Yes	2.6	1.6–4.4	2.9	1.9–4.6	3.1	1.7–5.6	3.2	1.9–5.4	2.1	1.1–4.2	2.7	1.7–4.5
Physical
No	1	Ref	1	Ref	1	Ref	1	Ref	1	Ref	1	Ref
Yes	2.1	1.3–3.3	2.8	1.9–4.2	1.8	1.1–3.2	2.5	1.3–4.6	2.1	1.1–3.8	3.1	1.9–4.9
Rape
No	1	Ref	1	Ref	1	Ref	1	Ref	1	Ref	1	Ref
Yes	1.6	0.6–4.3	1.8	0.5–5.7	0.7	0.2–2.2	1.7	0.3–10.2	2.3	0.7–7.5	1.4	0.4–4.5

Sexual assaults	Consumption of alcohol in the past year				Frequency of consumption				Frequency of consumption

					(Once a year)				(≥ 2 times a year)

	Female		Male		Female		Male		Female		Male

	ORa	95%CI	ORa	95%CI	ORa	95%CI	ORa	95%CI	ORa	95%CI	ORa	95%CI
Sexual assault (global)
No	1	Ref	1	Ref	1	Ref	1	Ref	1	Ref	1	Ref
Yes	2.3	1.8–3.1	2.3	1.7–2.9	2.4	1.7–3.3	2.2	1.7–3.0	2.3	1.7–3.1	2.3	1.6–3.2
Non-physical
No	1	Ref	1	Ref	1	Ref	1	Ref	1	Ref	1	Ref
Yes	2.1	1.3–3.4	2.0	1.4–2.9	2.1	1.2–3.8	2.3	1.4–3.6	2.1	1.2–3.7	1.7	1.1–2.5
Physical
No	1	Ref	1	Ref	1	Ref	1	Ref	1	Ref	1	Ref
Yes	2.4	1.6–3.5	3.3	2.2–4.9	2.3	1.5–3.6	2.9	1.7–4.9	2.4	1.5–3.8	3.6	2.2–5.9
Rape
No	1	Ref	1	Ref	1	Ref	1	Ref	1	Ref	1	Ref
Yes	2.8	1.3–5.9	1.2	0.5–2.6	3.0	1.2–7.7	0.3	0.1–1.1	2.6	1.1–6.8	1.8	0.7–4.2

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[1] Correspondence: Rubén Valle, MD, MSc Universidad de San Martín de Porres Facultad de Medicina Av. Alameda del Corregidor, 1531 La Molina Lima 15024, Perú E-mail: ruben_vr12@hotmail.com