Physical activity in the older adults related to commuting and leisure, Maceió, Brazil

Mourão, Ana Raquel de Carvalho; Novais, Francini Vilela; Andreoni, Solange; Ramos, Luiz Roberto

doi:10.1590/S0034-8910.2013047004904

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Original Articles • Rev. Saúde Pública 47 (6) • Dec 2013 • https://doi.org/10.1590/S0034-8910.2013047004904 copy

Physical activity in the older adults related to commuting and leisure, Maceió, Brazil

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

OBJECTIVE

: To evaluate the level of physical activity of older adults by commuting and leisure time and associated factors.

METHODS

: This was a cross-sectional study carried out with a population-based sample of 319 older individuals in Maceió, AL, Northeastern Brazil, in 2009. The level of physical activity in leisure and commuting was measured by applying the International Physical Activity Questionnaire, long version. The variables analyzed were: age, schooling, sex, per capita income and perceived health. We used descriptive analysis, Fisher’s exact test and multiple regression analysis of prevalence rates.

RESULTS

: We classified 87.5% as insufficiently active in commuting, being significantly higher among those individuals with older ages, with more education and who feel dissatisfied with their physical health. The prevalence of older people who are insufficiently active in leisure time activity was 76.2%, being more frequent in women, in men with advanced age; older adults with lower per capita income, and dissatisfaction with comparative physical health and self-perceived mental health.

CONCLUSIONS

: The prevalence of insufficiently active was high in commuting and leisure time activities. Factors such as age, gender and income should be considered, especially with regards leisure, in order to ensure fairness in the development of policies to promote health and physical activity in this population.

Aged; Motor Activity; Leisure Activities; Sedentary Lifestyle; Cross-Sectional Studies

Variable	Sex						p
	Male		Female		Total

	n	%	n	%	N	%
Total	97	30.4	222	69.5	319	100.0
Age (years)							0.3834
60 \|- 70	54	55.7	125	56.3	179	56.1
70 \|- 80	28	28.9	74	33.3	102	32.0
80 \|- 90	15	15.5	23	10.4	38	11.9
Schooling (years)							0.0239
< 1	28	28.9	71	32.0	99	31.0
1 to 3	56	57.7	92	41.4	148	46.4
4 to 7	8	8.2	31	14.0	39	12.2
8 and over	5	5.2	28	12.6	33	10.3
Family composition							0,.2178
Living alone	6	6.2	24	10.8	30	9.4
Not living alone	91	93.8	198	89.2	289	90.6
Marital status							< 0.0001
Single	7	7.2	19	8.6	26	8.2
Married/Civil partnership	73	75.3	73	32.9	146	45.8
Divorced/Separated	3	3.1	13	5.9	16	5.0
Widowed	14	14.4	117	52.7	131	41.1
Monthly per capita income (minimum wages)							0.0595
< 1	27	27.8	78	35.1	105	32.9
1 to 3	51	52.6	82	36.9	133	41.7
3 to 4	5	5.2	11	5.0	16	5.0
5 and over	14	14.4	51	23.0	65	20.4

Variable	N	n	%	Unadjusted PR	95%CI	χ²_w	p
Total	319	279	87.5
Sex
Male	97	84	86.6	1
Female	222	195	87.8	1.01	0.92;1.11	0.09	0.7628
Age (years)
60\|- 70	179	142	79.3	1
70\|- 90s	140	137	97.9	1.23	1.14;1.33	27.33	< 0.0001
70\|- 80	102	99	97.1
80\|- 90	38	38	100.0
Schooling (years)						17.04	0.0002
< 1	99	83	83.8	1
1 to 3	148	126	85.1	1.02	0.91;1.13	0.08	0.7837
4 and over	72	70	97.2	1.16	1.05;1.28	9.36	0.0022
4 to 7	39	39	100.0
8 and over	33	31	93.9
Monthly per capita income (minimum wages)						14.67	0.0021
< 1	105	87	82.9	1
1\|- 3	133	115	86.5	1.04	0.93;1.16	0.58	0.4473
3\|- 5	16	14	87.5	1.06	0.86;1.30	0.27	0.6015
≥ 5	65	63	96.9	1.17	1.06;1.29	10.00	0.0016
Marital status						3.06	0.3818
Single	26	22	84.6	1.13	0.81;1.56	0.52	0.4696
Married/Civil partnership	146	126	86.3	1.15	0.86;1.54	0.90	0.3431
Divorced/Separated	16	12	75.0	1
Widowed	131	119	90.8	1.21	0.91;1.62	1.70	0.1924
Family composition
Living alone	30	26	86.7	1
Not living alone	289	253	87.5	1.01	0.87;1.17	0.02	0.8932
Number of diseases						9.86	0.0072
None	12	10	83.3	1
1	114	90	78.9	0.95	0.72;1.24	0.15	0.6949
2 or more	193	179	92.7	1.11	0.86;1.44	0.67	0.4128
2	162	148	91.4
3 or more	31	31	100.0
Physical health						6.18	0.0454
Satisfactory	186	159	85.5	1
Regular	82	77	93.9	1.10	1.01;1.19	5.17	0.0229
Unsatisfactory	51	43	84.3	0.99	0.86;1.13	0.04	0.8383
Comparable physical health						14.52	0.0007
Satisfactory	225	192	85.3	1
Regular	65	63	96.9	1.14	1.06;1.22	12.95	0.0003
Unsatisfactory	29	24	82.8	0.97	0.81;1.15	0.12	0.7311
Mental health						6.04	0.0488
Satisfactory	177	149	84.2	1
Regular	103	93	90.3	1.07	0.98;1.17	2.33	0.1267
Unsatisfactory	39	37	94.9	1.13	1.02;1.24	5.84	0.0157
Comparable mental health						3.77	0.1515
Satisfactory	207	176	85.0	1
Regular	87	80	92.0	1.08	0.99;1.18	3.31	0.0690
Unsatisfactory	25	23	92.0	1.08	0.95;1.23	1.44	0.2307

Variable	Final Model 1 (demographic)				Model 2 (demographic, perceived health)
Variable	PR adjusted	95%CI	χ²_w	p	PR adjusted	95%CI	χ²_w	p
Age (years)
60 \|- 70	1				1
70 \|- 90	1.22	1.13;1.32	26.87	< 0.0001	1.22	1.13;1.31	26.40	< 0.0001
Schooling (years)
Illiterate or 1 to 3	1				1
4 or more	1.13	1.06;1.21	14.26	0.0002	1.14	1.07;1.22	15.52	0.0001
Comparable physical health
Satisfactory/Unsatisfactory	–				1
Regular	–				1.14	1.06;1.22	13.55	0.0002
Reference %	77.3	71.3;83.9			75.3	68.9; 82.2
Fit of model			5.11^a	0.8838			13.81^b	0.7947

Variable	N	n	%	Unadjusted PR	95%CI	χ²_w	p
Total	319	243	76.2
Male	97	64	66.0	1
Female	222	179	80.6	1.22	1.04;1.43	6.29	0.0122
Age (years)						19.50	0.0001
60\|- 70	179	122	68.2	1
70\|- 80	102	86	84.3	1.24	1.09;1.41	10.21	0.0014
80\|- 90	38	35	92.1	1.35	1.18;1.55	18.64	< 0.0001
Schooling (years)						7.73	0.0520
Illiterate	99	77	77.8	1.60	1.11;2.32	6.37	0.0116
1 to 3	148	118	79.7	1.64	1.15;2.36	7.29	0.0069
4 to 7	39	32	82.1	1.69	1.16;2.48	7.32	0.0068
8 or more	33	16	48.5	1
Monthly per capita income (minimum wages)						21.69	0.0001
< 1	105	92	87.6	1.84	1.41;2.39	20.31	< 0.0001
1\|- 3	133	109	82.0	1.72	1.32;2.24	15.82	0.0001
3\|- 5	16	11	68.8	1.44	0.95;2.19	2.95	0.0857
≥ 5	65	31	47.7	1
Marital status						3.98	0.2633
Single	26	19	73.1	1.30	0.80;2.12	1.09	0.2963
Married/Civil partnership	146	109	74.7	1.33	0.85;2.07	1.57	0.2097
Divorced/Separated	16	9	56.3	1
Widowed	131	106	80.9	1.44	0.93;2.23	2.62	0.1054
Family composition
Living alone	30	17	56.7	1
Not living alone	289	226	78.2	1.38	1.00;1.90	3.92	0.0477
Number of diseases						18.34	0.0004
None	12	9	75.0	1
1	114	76	66.7	0.89	0.63;1.26	0.43	0.5113
2	162	129	79.6	1.06	0.76;1.49	0.12	0.7266
3 or more	31	29	93.5	1.25	0.89;1.25	1.63	0.2020
Physical health						12.12	0.0023
Satisfactory	186	138	74.2	1
Regular	82	59	72.0	0.97	0.83;1.14	0.14	0.7061
Unsatisfactory	51	46	90.2	1.22	1.07;1.38	9.53	0.0020
Comparable physical health						29.22	< 0.0001
Satisfactory	225	163	72.4	1
Regular	65	52	80.0	1.10	0.95;1.28	1.78	0.1824
Unsatisfactory	29	28	96.6	1.30	1.20;1.48	28.24	< 0.0001
Mental health						5.32	0.0698
Satisfactory	177	135	76.3	1
Regular	103	74	71.8	0.94	0.81;1.09	0.64	0.4228
Unsatisfactory	39	34	87.2	1.14	0.99;1.32	3.23	0.0722
Comparable mental health						3.79	0.1503
Satisfactory	207	156	75.4	1
Regular	87	65	74.7	0.99	0.86;1.15	0.01	0.9068
Unsatisfactory	25	22	88.0	1.17	0.99;1.38	3.42	0.0645

Variable	Final Model 1 (demographic)				Model 2 (demographic, perceived health)
Variable	Adjusted PR	95%CI	χ²_w	p	Adjusted PR	95%CI	χ²_w	p
Sex in 60\|- 70 year old age group
Male	1				1
Female	1.37	1.16;1.63	13.03	0.0003	1.37	1.15;1.62	13.17	0.0003
Sex in 70\|- 80 year old age group
Male	1				1
Female	1.37	1.16;1.63	13.03	0.0003	1.37	1.15;1.62	13.17	0.0003
Sex in 80\|- 90 year old age group
Male	1				1
Female	0.94	0.78;1.14	0.42	0.5158	0.94	0.77;1.15	0.33	0.5671
Male age (years)
60\|- 70	1				1
70\|- 80	1.33	1.18;1.49	23.13	< 0.0001	1.33	1.18;1.49	23.50	< 0.0001
80\|- 90	1.91	1.52;2.41	30.35	< 0.0001	1.93	1.53;2.43	30.45	< 0.0001
Female age
60\|-70 years	1				1
70\|-80 years	1.33	1.18;1.49	23.13	< 0.0001	1.33	1.18;1.49	23.50	< 0.0001
80\|- 90 years	1.31	1.13;1.51	13.54	0.0002	1.33	1.14;1.55	13.48	0.0002
Monthly per capita income (minimum wage)
≥ 5.	1				1
< 5.	1.94	1.52;2.48	28.45	< 0.0001	1.94	1.53;2.48	28.96	< 0.0001
Comparable physical health	–
Satisfactory/Regular	–				1
Unsatisfactory	–				1.19	1.07;1.32	10.75	0.0010
Mental health	–
Satisfactory/Regular	–				1
Unsatisfactory	–				1.15	1.00;1.32	4.23	0.0397
Reference %	30.0	22.3;40.3			28.9	21.5;38.9
Fit of model			8.87^a	0.5448			18.98^b	0.4578

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[1] Correspondence
: Ana Raquel de Carvalho Mourão. R. Jorge de Lima, 113 3° andar Trapiche da Barra. 57010-300 Maceió, AL, Brasil. E-mail: raquelcmourao@uol.com.br