Brazilian women living in Portugal: work and quality of life

Nazaré Oliveira, Eliany; Matias, Manuelle Maria Marques; Félix, Tamires Alexandre; Cavalcante, Maria Michele Bispo; Lopes, Roberlândia Evangelista; Neto, Félix

doi:10.1590/S0104-12902019170122

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Articles • Saude soc. 28 (1) • Jan-Mar 2019 • https://doi.org/10.1590/S0104-12902019170122 copy

Brazilian women living in Portugal: work and quality of life

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

This article is organized around the axes migratory process, work, and quality of life. Two objectives were outlined: characterizing the socio-demographic aspects of Brazilian immigrant women in Portugal; and analyzing their situation and characteristics of work and quality of life. The study started from two working hypotheses: the first on the relation between unemployment and low quality of life; and the second on the relation between high workload and low quality of life of immigrant women. Cross-sectional study conducted from July to September 2016, in Portugal, with 682 Brazilian immigrant women over 18 years of age who lived in the country for more than 3 months. The instruments used were a socio-demographic questionnaire and the questionnaire ‘Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey’ (SF-36). The results showed a predominance of women in the age group from 18 to 38 years; married or living in a marriage-like relationship; with formal education mostly at the graduate level; with child(ren); and living in a family unit. The first study hypothesis was confirmed and the second study hypothesis was refuted.

Keywords:
Emigration and Immigration; Women; Quality of Life; Labor Market

Sociodemographic characteristics	Frequency
Age (years)	(N)	(%)
18-27	106	15.5
28-37	257	37.7
38-47	183	26.8
48-57	101	14.9
58-67	28	4.1
68-76	2	0.3
Did not answer	5	0.7
Marital status	(N)	(%)
Married	325	47.6
Single	183	26.8
Stable union	85	12.5
Separated or divorced	74	10.8
Widow	13	1.9
Did not answer	2	0.4
Education level	(N)	(%)
Some elementary school	31	4.5
Elementary school	34	5
Some high school	52	7.6
High school	172	25.2
Some higher education	105	15.4
Higher education degree	103	15.1
Postgraduate studies	181	26.5
Did not answer	4	0.7
Living with	(N)	(%)
Their own family	468	68.6
Alone	99	14.5
Portuguese family	65	9.5
Brazilian friends	42	6.1
Did not answer	8	1.3
Children	(N)	(%)
Have child(ren)	395	57.9
Do not have child(ren)	281	41.2
Did not answer	6	0.9

Region	State	Number
North	Pará	20
	Rondônia	13
	Acre	2
	Amazonas	8
	Roraima	3
	Tocantins	4
	Amapá	1
Total		51
Northeast	Alagoas	3
	Bahia	38
	Ceará	35
	Paraíba	27
	Maranhão	10
	Pernambuco	27
	Piauí	5
	Rio Grande do Norte	10
	Sergipe	5
Total		160
Midwest	Goiás	38
	Mato Grosso	48
	Mato Grosso do Sul	4
	Federal District	10
Total		100
Southeast	Espírito Santo	27
	Minas Gerais	55
	São Paulo	117
	Rio de Janeiro	94
Total		293
South	Paraná	46
	Rio Grande do Sul	22
	Santa Catarina	10
Total		78
Grand total		682

		N	Mean	Standard deviation	F	p
SF-36	Unemployed	132	68.1	19,0	1.957	0.099
	Employed	271	72.8	16,4
	Student	106	70.5	17,6
	Student and worker	29	72.0	13.8
	Domestic worker/housewife	76	69.0	17.1
1. Functional capacity	Unemployed	142	81.7	19.4	5.970	** 0.000
	Employed	294	83.5	19.0
	Student	111	88.4	12.8
	Student and worker	30	93.0	8.2
	Domestic worker/housewife	85	78.4	22.8
2. Physical aspects	Unemployed	143	75.9	36.6	1.715	0.145
	Employed	293	83.7	29.9
	Student	114	78.7	32.6
	Student and worker	30	85.0	25.1
	Domestic worker/housewife	83	79.5	32.9
3. Pain	Unemployed	143	72.5	24.0	0.848	0.495
	Employed	296	72.7	24.3
	Student	114	75.7	21.1
	Student and worker	29	78.2	18.9
	Domestic worker/housewife	83	71.4	24.1
4. General health conditions	Unemployed	138	69.9	21.6	1.857	0.116
	Employed	291	72.9	20.5
	Student	113	70.5	22.0
	Student and worker	30	73.3	17.9
	Domestic worker/housewife	86	66.4	21.1
5. Vitality	Unemployed	144	57.3	23.5	2.084	0.081
	Employed	296	62.6	21.2
	Student	112	59.5	24.8
	Student and worker	30	54.3	23.8
	Domestic worker/housewife	86	62.5	23.3
6. Social aspects	Unemployed	144	71.3	28.0	1.292	0.272
	Employed	294	76.7	24.2
	Student	114	72.8	26.8
	Student and worker	30	71.3	25.7
	Domestic worker/housewife	86	74.0	27.8
7. Emotional aspects	Unemployed	143	63.2	42.4	6.577	** 0.000
	Employed	291	76.4	36.5
	Student	114	60.5	41.5
	Student and worker	30	48.9	44.4
	Domestic worker/housewife	85	69.4	39.9
8. Mental health	Unemployed	143	61.7	23.3	2.939	** 0.020
	Employed	292	68.7	20.3
	Student	110	64.1	24.0
	Student and worker	30	65.1	18.2
	Domestic worker/housewife	84	67.5	20.8
9. Health change over time	Unemployed	143	53.7	23.9	2.657	** 0.032
	Employed	298	55.9	22.0
	Student	114	58.8	23.7
	Student and worker	30	65.8	21.3
	Domestic worker/housewife	86	52.9	20.4

		N	Mean	Standard deviation	F	p
SF-36	Less than 20 hours	19	71.6	15.6	1.645	0.179
	20 to 39 hours	42	77.1	14.2
	40 hours	172	72.7	15.9
	More than 40 hours	66	70.0	17.9
1. Functional capacity	Less than 20 hours	20	86.8	16.4	0.778	0.507
	20 to 39 hours	45	87.8	17.7
	40 hours	187	84.0	17.7
	More than 40 hours	70	83.0	21.0
2. Physical aspects	Less than 20 hours	21	82.1	28.7	0.076	0.973
	20 to 39 hours	44	84.1	28.6
	40 hours	186	83.3	30.6
	More than 40 hours	70	85.0	28.0
3. Pain	Less than 20 hours	22	73.2	22.4	0.134	0.940
	20 to 39 hours	46	74.9	23.8
	40 hours	185	73.5	24.0
	More than 40 hours	70	72.1	23.9
4. General health conditions	Less than 20 hours	22	70.2	21.6	1.603	0.189
	20 to 39 hours	46	78.7	18.6
	40 hours	184	72.6	20.5
	More than 40 hours	68	71.0	20.3
5. Vitality	Less than 20 hours	22	54.3	19.3	2.111	0.099
	20 to 39 hours	46	65.7	20.1
	40 hours	187	63.0	21.4
	More than 40 hours	69	58.6	23.1
6. Social aspects	Less than 20 hours	22	74.4	25.1	0.471	0.702
	20 to 39 hours	46	78.8	24.8
	40 hours	186	76.7	23.8
	More than 40 hours	68	73.7	25.7
7. Emotional aspects	Less than 20 hours	21	69.8	39.3	0.357	0.784
	20 to 39 hours	43	72.1	41.1
	40 hours	186	73.5	38.0
	More than 40 hours	69	77.8	36.0
8. Mental health	Less than 20 hours	21	66.1	19.5	0.827	0.480
	20 to 39 hours	45	71.9	19.1
	40 hours	185	68.6	19.8
	More than 40 hours	69	66.2	21.9
9. Health change over time	Less than 20 hours	22	54.5	21.3	2.457	0.063
	20 to 39 hours	46	60.9	22.8
	40 hours	188	58.2	22.4
	More than 40 hours	70	51.1	20.6

Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo. Associação Paulista de Saúde Pública. Av. dr. Arnaldo, 715, Prédio da Biblioteca, 2º andar sala 2, 01246-904 São Paulo - SP - Brasil, Tel./Fax: +55 11 3061-7880 - São Paulo - SP - Brazil
E-mail: saudesoc@usp.br

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[1] Correspondence Eliany Oliveira Avenida da Universidade, 850, Alto da Brasília. Sobral, CE, Brasil. CEP 62040-370.