Implementation of the School Health Program: relationship with aspects of students’ oral health

Collaborators

Moreira RS (0000-0003-0079-2901)^* * Orcid (Open Researcher and Contributor ID). contributed to the study’s design; data analysis and interpretation for the work; critical review of the manuscript; and final approval of the version to be published. Mauricio HA (0000-0002-6645-457X)^* * Orcid (Open Researcher and Contributor ID). contributed to the study’s design; data analysis and interpretation for the work; the writing of the manuscript; and final approval of the version to be published. Jordão LMR (0000-0001-7230-9398)^* * Orcid (Open Researcher and Contributor ID). and Freire MCM (0000-0001-6078-6728)^* * Orcid (Open Researcher and Contributor ID). contributed to the study’s design; data interpretation for the work; the writing of the manuscript; and final approval of the version to be published.

Conflicts of interest: non-existent

Schools characteristics		School implements PSE actions
Schools characteristics		Yes (%)	No (%)	P-value^ Rao-Scott test.
Geographic region	North	11.56	9.23	0.000
	Northeast	38.41^* * The residual analysis revealed a clear discrepancy between the observed and expected frequencies of the variables. Therefore, the null hypothesis was rejected and the hypothesis of dependence of the variables with an association was accepted.	19.22
	Southeast	31.74	50.58^* * The residual analysis revealed a clear discrepancy between the observed and expected frequencies of the variables. Therefore, the null hypothesis was rejected and the hypothesis of dependence of the variables with an association was accepted.
	South	9.37	14.75^* * The residual analysis revealed a clear discrepancy between the observed and expected frequencies of the variables. Therefore, the null hypothesis was rejected and the hypothesis of dependence of the variables with an association was accepted.
	Midwest	8.92^* * The residual analysis revealed a clear discrepancy between the observed and expected frequencies of the variables. Therefore, the null hypothesis was rejected and the hypothesis of dependence of the variables with an association was accepted.	6.22
	Total	100.00	100.00
Municipality type	Capital	77.76^* * The residual analysis revealed a clear discrepancy between the observed and expected frequencies of the variables. Therefore, the null hypothesis was rejected and the hypothesis of dependence of the variables with an association was accepted.	82.44	0.040
	Non capital	22.24	17.56^* * The residual analysis revealed a clear discrepancy between the observed and expected frequencies of the variables. Therefore, the null hypothesis was rejected and the hypothesis of dependence of the variables with an association was accepted.
	Total	100.00	100.00
School location	Rural	12.65^* * The residual analysis revealed a clear discrepancy between the observed and expected frequencies of the variables. Therefore, the null hypothesis was rejected and the hypothesis of dependence of the variables with an association was accepted.	7.47	0.001
	Urban	87.35	92.53^* * The residual analysis revealed a clear discrepancy between the observed and expected frequencies of the variables. Therefore, the null hypothesis was rejected and the hypothesis of dependence of the variables with an association was accepted.
	Total	100.00	100.00
Full-time education	Yes	23.27^* * The residual analysis revealed a clear discrepancy between the observed and expected frequencies of the variables. Therefore, the null hypothesis was rejected and the hypothesis of dependence of the variables with an association was accepted.	21.32	0.031
	No	76.73	78.68^* * The residual analysis revealed a clear discrepancy between the observed and expected frequencies of the variables. Therefore, the null hypothesis was rejected and the hypothesis of dependence of the variables with an association was accepted.
	Total	100.00	100.00
Boarding school	Yes	4.23	4.43	0.527
	No	95.77	95.57
	Total	100.00	100.00

Individual variables related to students’ oral health		School implements PSE actions
Individual variables related to students’ oral health		Yes (%)	No (%)	P-value^ Rao-Scott test.
Oral health behaviors
Daily toothbrushing frequency	< twice	6.90	7.15	0.463
	≥ twice	93.10	92.85
	Total	100.00	100.00
Annual visit to the dentist	< once	32.90	31.86	0.173
	≥ once	67.10	68.14
	Total	100.00	100.00
Weekly consumption of candies/goodies	High (≥ 5 days)	40.12	42.73^* * The residual analysis revealed a clear discrepancy between the observed and expected frequencies of the variables. Therefore, the null hypothesis was rejected and the hypothesis of dependence of the variables with an association was accepted.	0.001
	Low (≤ 4 days)	59.88 ^* * The residual analysis revealed a clear discrepancy between the observed and expected frequencies of the variables. Therefore, the null hypothesis was rejected and the hypothesis of dependence of the variables with an association was accepted.	57.27
	Total	100.00	100.00
Weekly consumption of soft drinks	High (≥ 5 days)	24.65	27.92^* * The residual analysis revealed a clear discrepancy between the observed and expected frequencies of the variables. Therefore, the null hypothesis was rejected and the hypothesis of dependence of the variables with an association was accepted.	0.000
	Low (≤ 4 days)	75.35^* * The residual analysis revealed a clear discrepancy between the observed and expected frequencies of the variables. Therefore, the null hypothesis was rejected and the hypothesis of dependence of the variables with an association was accepted.	72.08
	Total	100.00	100.00
Daily consumption of soft drinks	High (≥ 3 times)	29.52	33.50^* * The residual analysis revealed a clear discrepancy between the observed and expected frequencies of the variables. Therefore, the null hypothesis was rejected and the hypothesis of dependence of the variables with an association was accepted.	0.000
	Low (≤ twice)	70.48 ^* * The residual analysis revealed a clear discrepancy between the observed and expected frequencies of the variables. Therefore, the null hypothesis was rejected and the hypothesis of dependence of the variables with an association was accepted.	66.50
	Total	100.00	100.00
Cigarette smoking experience	Yes	17.92	20.47^* * The residual analysis revealed a clear discrepancy between the observed and expected frequencies of the variables. Therefore, the null hypothesis was rejected and the hypothesis of dependence of the variables with an association was accepted.	0.000
	No	82.08^* * The residual analysis revealed a clear discrepancy between the observed and expected frequencies of the variables. Therefore, the null hypothesis was rejected and the hypothesis of dependence of the variables with an association was accepted.	79.53
	Total	100.00	100.00
Alcohol consumption experience	Yes	52.22	54.79^* * The residual analysis revealed a clear discrepancy between the observed and expected frequencies of the variables. Therefore, the null hypothesis was rejected and the hypothesis of dependence of the variables with an association was accepted.	0.005
	No	47.78^* * The residual analysis revealed a clear discrepancy between the observed and expected frequencies of the variables. Therefore, the null hypothesis was rejected and the hypothesis of dependence of the variables with an association was accepted.	45.21
	Total	100.00	100.00
Self-perceived oral health
Dental pain experience	Yes	24.63	24.40	0.705
	No	75.37	75.60
	Total	100.00	100.00

School environment related to oral health		School implements PSE actions
School environment related to oral health		Yes (%)	No (%)	P-value^ Rao-Scott test.
Offers snack/lunch	Yes	98.89^* * The residual analysis revealed a clear discrepancy between the observed and expected frequencies of the variables. Therefore, the null hypothesis was rejected and the hypothesis of dependence of the variables with an association was accepted.	97.05	0.097
	No	1.11	2.95^* * The residual analysis revealed a clear discrepancy between the observed and expected frequencies of the variables. Therefore, the null hypothesis was rejected and the hypothesis of dependence of the variables with an association was accepted.
	Total	100.00	100.00
Has canteen	Yes	24.98	39.04^* * The residual analysis revealed a clear discrepancy between the observed and expected frequencies of the variables. Therefore, the null hypothesis was rejected and the hypothesis of dependence of the variables with an association was accepted.	0.000
	No	75.02^* * The residual analysis revealed a clear discrepancy between the observed and expected frequencies of the variables. Therefore, the null hypothesis was rejected and the hypothesis of dependence of the variables with an association was accepted.	60.96
	Total	100.00	100.00
Sells soft drinks in the canteen	Yes	8.81	14.86^* * The residual analysis revealed a clear discrepancy between the observed and expected frequencies of the variables. Therefore, the null hypothesis was rejected and the hypothesis of dependence of the variables with an association was accepted.	0.035
	No	91.19^* * The residual analysis revealed a clear discrepancy between the observed and expected frequencies of the variables. Therefore, the null hypothesis was rejected and the hypothesis of dependence of the variables with an association was accepted.	85.14
	Total	100.00	100.00
Sells juice in the canteen	Yes	67.14	74.39	0.344
	No	32.86	25.61
	Total	100.00	100.00
Sells sugary drinks in the canteen	Yes	4.98	11.79^* * The residual analysis revealed a clear discrepancy between the observed and expected frequencies of the variables. Therefore, the null hypothesis was rejected and the hypothesis of dependence of the variables with an association was accepted.	0.017
	No	95.02^* * The residual analysis revealed a clear discrepancy between the observed and expected frequencies of the variables. Therefore, the null hypothesis was rejected and the hypothesis of dependence of the variables with an association was accepted.	88.21
	Total	100.00	100.00
Sells cookies/biscuits in the canteen	Yes	6.33	13.51^* * The residual analysis revealed a clear discrepancy between the observed and expected frequencies of the variables. Therefore, the null hypothesis was rejected and the hypothesis of dependence of the variables with an association was accepted.	0.001
	No	93.67^* * The residual analysis revealed a clear discrepancy between the observed and expected frequencies of the variables. Therefore, the null hypothesis was rejected and the hypothesis of dependence of the variables with an association was accepted.	86.49
	Total	100.00	100.00
Sells candies/goodies in the canteen	Yes	8.12	10.92	0.270
	No	91.88	89.08
	Total	100.00	100.00
Sells fresh fruit/fruit salad in the canteen	Yes	15.34^* * The residual analysis revealed a clear discrepancy between the observed and expected frequencies of the variables. Therefore, the null hypothesis was rejected and the hypothesis of dependence of the variables with an association was accepted.	5.48	0.013
	No	84.66	94.52^* * The residual analysis revealed a clear discrepancy between the observed and expected frequencies of the variables. Therefore, the null hypothesis was rejected and the hypothesis of dependence of the variables with an association was accepted.
	Total	100.00	100.00
Has alternative sales outlets^* ***** Alternative outlets are food outlets inside or at the entrance to the school, besides the canteen (e.g., street vendor/cart).	Yes	36.64^* * The residual analysis revealed a clear discrepancy between the observed and expected frequencies of the variables. Therefore, the null hypothesis was rejected and the hypothesis of dependence of the variables with an association was accepted.	25.64	0.001
	No	63.36	74.36^* * The residual analysis revealed a clear discrepancy between the observed and expected frequencies of the variables. Therefore, the null hypothesis was rejected and the hypothesis of dependence of the variables with an association was accepted.
	Total	100.00	100.00
Sells soft drinks at alternative outlets^* ***** Alternative outlets are food outlets inside or at the entrance to the school, besides the canteen (e.g., street vendor/cart).	Yes	22.21	19.13	0.276
	No	77.79	80.87
	Total	100.00	100.00
Sells juice at alternative outlets^* ***** Alternative outlets are food outlets inside or at the entrance to the school, besides the canteen (e.g., street vendor/cart).	Yes	44.45	43.76	0.910
	No	55.55	56.24
	Total	100.00	100.00
Sells sugary drinks at alternative outlets^* ***** Alternative outlets are food outlets inside or at the entrance to the school, besides the canteen (e.g., street vendor/cart).	Yes	11.44	12.89	0.527
	No	88.56	87.11
	Total	100.00	100.00
Sells cookies/biscuits at alternative outlets^* ***** Alternative outlets are food outlets inside or at the entrance to the school, besides the canteen (e.g., street vendor/cart).	Yes	12.31	10.91	0.520
	No	87.69	89.09
	Total	100.00	100.0
Sells candies/goodies at alternative outlets ^* ***** Alternative outlets are food outlets inside or at the entrance to the school, besides the canteen (e.g., street vendor/cart).	Yes	20.68	15.58	0.049
	No	79.32	84.42
	Total	100.00	100.00
Sells fresh fruit/fruit salad at alternative outlets^* ***** Alternative outlets are food outlets inside or at the entrance to the school, besides the canteen (e.g., street vendor/cart).	Yes	9.12	4.88	0.133
	No	90.88	95.12
	Total	100.00	100.00
Has a vegetable garden	Yes	29.11	26.18	0.399
	No	70.89	73.82
	Total	100.00	100.00
Has a bathroom in good condition	Yes	97.11	96.31	0. 376
	No	2.89	3.69
	Total	100.00	100.00
Has a sink in good condition	Yes	95.44	95.54	0.919
	No	4.56	4.46
	Total	100.00	100.00
Has records on the health of schoolchildren	Yes	61.32	55.89	0.146
	No	38.68	44.11
	Total	100.00	100.00
Have first aid materials/medicines	Yes	46.35	47.70	0.725
	No	53.65	52.30
	Total	100.00	100.00
Prohibits tobacco consumption	Yes	86.46	89.90	0.119
	No	13.54	10.10
	Total	100.00	100.00
Prohibits consumption of alcoholic beverages	Yes	88.04	92.34^* * The residual analysis revealed a clear discrepancy between the observed and expected frequencies of the variables. Therefore, the null hypothesis was rejected and the hypothesis of dependence of the variables with an association was accepted.	0.017
	No	11.96^* * The residual analysis revealed a clear discrepancy between the observed and expected frequencies of the variables. Therefore, the null hypothesis was rejected and the hypothesis of dependence of the variables with an association was accepted.	7.66
	Total	100.00	100.00

School management health-related practices		School implements PSE actions
School management health-related practices		Yes (%)	No (%)	P-value^ Rao-Scott test.
Has a health group/committee	Yes	56,26^* * The residual analysis revealed a clear discrepancy between the observed and expected frequencies of the variables. Therefore, the null hypothesis was rejected and the hypothesis of dependence of the variables with an association was accepted.	20,27	0,000
	No	43,74	79,73^* * The residual analysis revealed a clear discrepancy between the observed and expected frequencies of the variables. Therefore, the null hypothesis was rejected and the hypothesis of dependence of the variables with an association was accepted.
	Total	100,00	100,00
Performs Mais Educação (More Education) Program actions	Yes	77,43^* * The residual analysis revealed a clear discrepancy between the observed and expected frequencies of the variables. Therefore, the null hypothesis was rejected and the hypothesis of dependence of the variables with an association was accepted.	63,26	0,000
	No	22,57	36,74^* * The residual analysis revealed a clear discrepancy between the observed and expected frequencies of the variables. Therefore, the null hypothesis was rejected and the hypothesis of dependence of the variables with an association was accepted.
	Total	100,00	100,00
Performs actions jointly with the PHC Unit	Yes	91,37^* * The residual analysis revealed a clear discrepancy between the observed and expected frequencies of the variables. Therefore, the null hypothesis was rejected and the hypothesis of dependence of the variables with an association was accepted.	61,96	0,000
	No	8,63	38,04^* * The residual analysis revealed a clear discrepancy between the observed and expected frequencies of the variables. Therefore, the null hypothesis was rejected and the hypothesis of dependence of the variables with an association was accepted.
	Total	100,00	100,00

[1] *
Orcid (Open Researcher and Contributor ID).

Brasil

Brasil

Implementation of the School Health Program: relationship with aspects of students’ oral health

ABSTRACT