This paper has as objective to present a state of the art review on the shielding gases used in the electric arc welding processes, with emphasis on GMAW welding of steel. There are shown the main concepts of arc physics and properties related to shielding gases. The model of slightly oxidizing atmosphere for shielding gases is discussed, and the formulations of the gases studied in scientific articles and in deposited patents, as well as the claims (benefits) required. It also mentions some few studies using additions of non-conventional gases. It was observed that for the development of shielding gases for the GMAW steel welding the model of slightly oxidizing atmosphere is predominant. Most of proposed formulations involve the use of binary, ternary or even quaternary mixtures of the gases Ar, He, CO2 and O2. For specific aplications, additions of N2 e H2 were used. In this meaning, few innovations were identified, and possible reasons were attributed. The trend observed for the development of shielding gases seems to be the use of mixtures rich in inert gases, with calibrated additions of oxidizing elements, always looking for specific applications.
Shielding gas; GMAW welding; Arc physics
