This work aimed to analyze the socio-economic reorganization due to the insertion of Eucalyptus plantation (Eucalyptus grandis) in the far southern region of Bahia. In order to accomplish this analysis, it was done a diagnosis of the main social and economical changes due to the establishment of eucalyptus in the region, using literature retrieval, IBGE's socio-economic data and the UNDP's Atlas of Human Development. It could be noted that the insertion of Eucalyptus plantation in the region has provoked a significant growth of Bahia's exports participation in the national scenario, making the economy more dynamic, especially in the far southern region of Bahia. This impact in the economy may be perceived through the GDP's rising in the State level as far as in the counties that grow eucalyptus grandis. In relation to the rural landscape, it was noted a considerable changing related to a reduction in the number of the agricultural activities and to the land concentration. It defines a reforming framework of the local land ownership structure. Under this new agricultural scenario, it can be noted, for instance, the reduction concerning the number of jobs generated in the rural area, and the activities developed in the context of the family agriculture; what provokes an increasing of urban population.
eucalypt; cellulose; productive reform; development
