Measuring spirituality and religiosity in clinical research: a systematic review of instruments available in the Portuguese language

Lucchetti, Giancarlo; Lucchetti, Alessandra Lamas Granero; Vallada, Homero

doi:10.1590/S1516-31802013000100022

Acessibilidade / Reportar erro

Brasil

Sao Paulo Medical Journal

Español English

Brasil

Español English

sumário « anterior atual seguinte »

Sumário

Original Article • Sao Paulo Med J. 131 (2) • Apr 2013 • https://doi.org/10.1590/S1516-31802013000100022 copy

Measuring spirituality and religiosity in clinical research: a systematic review of instruments available in the Portuguese language

Aferindo espiritualidade e religiosidade na pesquisa clínica: uma revisão sistemática dos instrumentos disponíveis para a língua portuguesa

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVES

Despite numerous spirituality and/or religiosity (S/R) measurement tools for use in research worldwide, there is little information on S/R instruments in the Portuguese language. The aim of the present study was to map out the S/R scales available for research in the Portuguese language.

DESIGN AND SETTING

Systematic review of studies found in databases.

METHODS

A systematic review was conducted in three phases. Phases 1 and 2: articles in Portuguese, Spanish and English, published up to November 2011, dealing with the Portuguese translation and/or validation of S/R measurement tools for clinical research, were selected from six databases. Phase 3: the instruments were grouped according to authorship, cross-cultural adaptation, internal consistency, concurrent and discriminative validity and test-retest procedures.

RESULTS

Twenty instruments were found. Forty-five percent of these evaluated religiosity, 40% spirituality, 10% religious/spiritual coping and 5% S/R. Among these, 90% had been produced in (n = 3) or translated to (n = 15) Brazilian Portuguese and two (10%) solely to European Portuguese. Nevertheless, the majority of the instruments had not undergone in-depth psychometric analysis. Only 40% of the instruments presented concurrent validity, 45% discriminative validity and 15% a test-retest procedure. The characteristics of each instrument were analyzed separately, yielding advantages, disadvantages and psychometric properties.

CONCLUSION

Currently, 20 instruments for measuring S/R are available in the Portuguese language. Most have been translated (n = 15) or developed (n = 3) in Brazil and present good internal consistency. Nevertheless, few instruments have been assessed regarding all their psychometric qualities.

Religion and medicine; Spirituality; Psychometrics; Review [publication type]; Medical history taking

Keywords	PubMed		EMBASE^* * Duplicate articles in these databases were not included.		Cochrane Library^* * Duplicate articles in these databases were not included.		SciELO^* * Duplicate articles in these databases were not included.		Lilacs^* * Duplicate articles in these databases were not included.
Keywords	Total	Included	Total	Included	Total	Included	Total	Included	Total	Included
(Spiritual^* * Duplicate articles in these databases were not included. AND instruments AND Brazil) OR (Spiritual^* * Duplicate articles in these databases were not included. AND instruments AND Portug^* * Duplicate articles in these databases were not included. )	4	2	7	0	0	0	9	0	2	0
Instrumentos AND espiritualidade	-	-	-	-	-	-	8	1	12	0
(Religio^* * Duplicate articles in these databases were not included. AND instruments AND Brazil) OR (religio^* * Duplicate articles in these databases were not included. AND instruments AND Portug^* * Duplicate articles in these databases were not included. )	5	0	16	0	0	0	9	0	9	0
Instrumentos AND religiosidade	-	-	-	-	-	-	7	0	12	1
(Religio^* * Duplicate articles in these databases were not included. AND scale AND portug^* * Duplicate articles in these databases were not included. ) OR (religio^* * Duplicate articles in these databases were not included. AND scale AND Brazil)	10	1	136	1	0	0	23	0	5	1
Escala AND religiosidade	-	-	-	-	-	-	13	0	14	2
(Spiritual^* * Duplicate articles in these databases were not included. AND scale AND portug^* * Duplicate articles in these databases were not included. ) OR (spiritual^* * Duplicate articles in these databases were not included. AND scale AND Brazil)	7	0	18	0	0	0	13	2	9	0
Escala AND espiritualidade	-	-	-	-	-	-	15	1	59	3
(Religio^* * Duplicate articles in these databases were not included. AND index AND portug^* * Duplicate articles in these databases were not included. ) OR (religio^* * Duplicate articles in these databases were not included. AND index AND Brazil)	21	1	261	0	0	0	5	0	8	0
Índice AND religião AND Brasil	-	-	-	-	-	-	6	0	10	0
(Validation AND spiritual^* * Duplicate articles in these databases were not included. AND portug^* * Duplicate articles in these databases were not included. ) OR (validation AND spiritual^* * Duplicate articles in these databases were not included. AND Brazil)	2	0	5	0	0	0	6	0	52	0
Validação AND espiritualidade	-	-	-	-	-	-	4	0	4	0
(Validation AND religio^* * Duplicate articles in these databases were not included. AND Portug^* * Duplicate articles in these databases were not included. ) OR (validation AND religio^* * Duplicate articles in these databases were not included. AND Brazil)	2	0	31	0	0	0	2	0	2	0
Validação religiosidade	-	-	-	-	-	-	1	0	5	0
(Spiritual^* * Duplicate articles in these databases were not included. AND measur^* * Duplicate articles in these databases were not included. AND Brazil) OR (Spiritual^* * Duplicate articles in these databases were not included. AND measur^* * Duplicate articles in these databases were not included. AND Portug^* * Duplicate articles in these databases were not included. )	4	0	12	0	0	0	0	0	1	0
Medida AND espiritualidade	-	-	-	-	-	-	5	0	5	0
(Religio^* * Duplicate articles in these databases were not included. AND measur^* * Duplicate articles in these databases were not included. AND Brazil) OR (Religio^* * Duplicate articles in these databases were not included. AND measur^* * Duplicate articles in these databases were not included. AND Portug^* * Duplicate articles in these databases were not included. )	21	0	200	0	0	0	0	0	2	0
Medida AND religiosidade	-	-	-	-	-	-	8	0	9	0
Total	76	4	686	1	0	0	134	4	220	7

Scale	Databases
(The Santa Clara Strength of Religious Faith Questionnaire) AND (Portuguese OR Brazil)	Found
(Systems of Belief Inventory) AND (Portuguese OR Brazil)	Not found
(FACIT sp 12) AND (Portuguese OR Brazil)	Found
(Inspirit-R) AND (Portuguese OR Brazil)	Found
(Daily Spiritual Experiences AND (Portuguese OR Brazil)	Found
Fetzer/NIA Multidimensional Measurement of Religiousness/Spirituality AND (Portuguese OR Brazil)	Not found

Name of scale	Authors^* * Duplicate articles in these databases were not included.	Journal	Sample type	N
Francis Scale of Attitude Towards Christianity (Portugal)	Ferreira and Neto⁹9. Ferreira AV, Neto F. Psychometric properties of the Francis Scale of Attitude Towards Christianity among Portuguese university students. Psychol Rep. 2002;91(3 Pt 1):995-8.	Psychol Rep.	University students	323
Strayhorn, Weidman and Larson Religious Scale (Brazil)	Gonçalves¹¹11. Gonçalves M. A religiosidade como fator de proteção contra transtornos depressivos em pacientes acometidas com patologia oncológica da mama [Religiosity as a protection factor against depressive disorders in patients with mamma oncologic pathology]. [Thesis]. Campinas: Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da Universidade Estadual de Campinas; 2000. Available from: http://www.bibliotecadigital.unicamp.br/document/?code=000199287. Accessed in 2012 (Oct 18). http://www.bibliotecadigital.unicamp.br/...	PhD thesis	Breast cancer population	130
Moschella Religious Scale (Brazil)	Gonçalves¹¹11. Gonçalves M. A religiosidade como fator de proteção contra transtornos depressivos em pacientes acometidas com patologia oncológica da mama [Religiosity as a protection factor against depressive disorders in patients with mamma oncologic pathology]. [Thesis]. Campinas: Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da Universidade Estadual de Campinas; 2000. Available from: http://www.bibliotecadigital.unicamp.br/document/?code=000199287. Accessed in 2012 (Oct 18). http://www.bibliotecadigital.unicamp.br/...	PhD thesis	Breast cancer population	130
Private and Social Religious Practice Scale (Brazil)	Drucker¹⁵15. Drucker C. Religiosidade, crenças e atitudes em idosos deprimidos: em um serviço de saúde mental de São Paulo, Brasil. [Dissertation]. Campinas: Faculdade de Eduação da Universidade Estadual de Campinas; 2005. Available from: http://www.amebrasil.org.br/html/ClaudiaDrucker-TESECOMPLETA.pdf. Accessed in 2012 (Oct 18). http://www.amebrasil.org.br/html/Claudia...	Master Degree dissertation	Depressive older patients	44
Intrinsic Religious Motivation Scale (Brazil)	Drucker¹⁵15. Drucker C. Religiosidade, crenças e atitudes em idosos deprimidos: em um serviço de saúde mental de São Paulo, Brasil. [Dissertation]. Campinas: Faculdade de Eduação da Universidade Estadual de Campinas; 2005. Available from: http://www.amebrasil.org.br/html/ClaudiaDrucker-TESECOMPLETA.pdf. Accessed in 2012 (Oct 18). http://www.amebrasil.org.br/html/Claudia...	Master Degree dissertation	Depressive older patients	44
Spiritual/Religious Coping Scale (Brazil)	Panzini and Bandeira²⁰20. Panzini RG, Bandeira DR. Escala de coping religioso-espiritual (Escala CRE): elaboração e validação de construto [Spiritual/religious coping scale (SRCOPE Scale): elaboration and construct validation]. Psicol Estud. 2005;10(3):507-16.	Psicol Estud.	Mixed sample	616
Pinto and Pais-Ribeiro's Spirituality Scale (Portugal)	Pinto and Pais-Ribeiro²²22. Pinto C, Pais-Ribeiro JL. Construção de uma escala de avaliação da espiritualidade em contextos de saúde. Arq Med. 2007;21(2):47-53.	Arq Med.	Oncologic patients	426
Brief Santa Clara Strength of Religious Faith (Portugal)	Amado²⁵25. Amado NMBS. Sucesso no envelhecimento e histórias de vida em idosos sócio-culturalmente muito e pouco diferenciados. [Thesis]. Lisboa: Instituto Superior sw Psicologia Aplicada da Universidade Nova de Lisboa; 2008. Available from: http://repositorio.ispa.pt/bitstream/10400.12/39/1/TES%20AMAD1%20-%2018362.pdf. Accessed in 2012 (Oct 18). http://repositorio.ispa.pt/bitstream/104...	PhD thesis	Elderly outpatients	194
FACIT-Sp 12 (Brazil)	Guedes¹²12. Guedes CHFF. Suporte telefônico como uma intervenção para promover o incentivo à prática de caminhada em pacientes diabéticos tipo 2: influência do perfil de personalidade nesta resposta [Phone call as an intervention for improving walking practice in type 2 diabetes: influence of personality profile in this response]. [Thesis]. São Paulo: Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo; 2009. Available from: http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5159/tde-29042009-103639/pt-br.php. Accessed in 2012 (Oct 18). http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponivei...	PhD thesis	Diabetes outpatients	54
Spiritual Well-Being Scale (Brazil)	Marques et al.¹³13. Marques LF, Sarriera JC, Dell'Aglio DD. Adaptação e validação da Escala de Bem-estar Espiritual (EBE) [Adaptation and validation of Spiritual Well-Being Scale (SWS)]. Aval Psicol. 2009;8(2):179-86.	Aval Psicol.	University students	506
Spirituality Self Rating Scale (Brazil)	Gonçalves and Pillon¹⁴14. Gonçalves AMS, Pillon SC. Adaptação transcultural e avaliação da consistência interna da versão em português da Spirituality Self Rating Scale (SSRS) [Transcultural adaptation and evaluation of the internal consistency of the Portuguese version of the Spirituality Self Rating Scale (SSRS)]. Rev Psiquiatr Clín (São Paulo). 2009;36(1):10-5.	Rev Psiq Clín (São Paulo)	Male substance/drug users	138
Aquino's Religiousness/Spirituality Attitude Scale (Brazil)	Aquino et al.¹⁶16. Aquino TAA, Correia APM, Marques ALC, et al. Atitude religiosa e sentido da vida: um estudo correlacional [Religious attitude and the meaning of life: a correlational study]. Psicol Cienc Prof. 2009;29(2):228-43.	Psicol Cienc Prof.	High educated population	299
Duke Religion Index (Brazil)	Lucchetti et al.¹⁷17. Lucchetti G, Granero Lucchetti AL, Peres MF, et al. Validation of the Duke Religion Index: DUREL (Portuguese Version). J Relig Health. 2012;51(2):579-86.	J Relig Health.	Low income population	383
Pinto and Pais-Ribeiro's spirituality scale (Brazil)	Chaves et al.²³23. Chaves ECL, Carvalho EC, Dantas RAS, et al. Validação da escala de espiritualidade de Pinto e Pais-Ribeiro em pacientes com insuficiência renal crônica em hemodiálise [Validation of Pinto and Pais-Ribeiro's spirituality scale in patients with chronic renal insufficiency in hemodialysis]. Rev Enferm UFPE Online. 2010;4(2):715-21. Available from: http://www.ufpe.br/revistaenfermagem/index.php/revista/article/view/890/pdf_8. Accessed in 2012 (Oct 18). http://www.ufpe.br/revistaenfermagem/ind...	Rev Enferm UFPE Online.	Hemodialysis patients	52
WHOQOL-SRPB (Brazil)	Panzini et al.¹⁹19. Panzini RG, Maganha C, Rocha NS, Bandeira DR, Fleck MP. Validação brasileira do Instrumento de Qualidade de Vida/espiritualidade, religião e crenças pessoais [Brazilian validation of the Quality of Life instrument/spirituality, religion and personal beliefs]. Rev Saúde Pública. 2011;45(1):153-65.	Rev Saúde Pública.	Hospital staff and patients	404
Self-reported Religiosity (Brazil)	Lucchetti et al.,¹⁸18. Lucchetti G, Lucchetti AG, Badan-Neto AM, et al. Religiousness affects mental health, pain and quality of life in older people in an outpatient rehabilitation setting. J Rehabil Med. 2011;43(4):316-22.	J Rehabil Med.	Rehabilitation patients	110
WHOQOL-100 - SRPB questions (Brazil)	Panzini et al.¹⁹19. Panzini RG, Maganha C, Rocha NS, Bandeira DR, Fleck MP. Validação brasileira do Instrumento de Qualidade de Vida/espiritualidade, religião e crenças pessoais [Brazilian validation of the Quality of Life instrument/spirituality, religion and personal beliefs]. Rev Saúde Pública. 2011;45(1):153-65.	Rev Saúde Pública.	Hospital staff and patients	404
Brief Spiritual/Religious Coping Scale (Brazil)	Panzini et al.¹⁹19. Panzini RG, Maganha C, Rocha NS, Bandeira DR, Fleck MP. Validação brasileira do Instrumento de Qualidade de Vida/espiritualidade, religião e crenças pessoais [Brazilian validation of the Quality of Life instrument/spirituality, religion and personal beliefs]. Rev Saúde Pública. 2011;45(1):153-65.	Rev Saúde Pública.	Hospital staff and patients	404
Inspirit-R (Brazil)	Veronez et al.²¹21. Veronez IS, Bicalho MAH, Claudino LS, Walz R, Lin K. Adaptação transcultural do instrumento INSPIRIT-R no Brasil e aspectos de sua aplicação em pacientes com epilepsia [Cross-cultural translation of the INSPIRIT-R for Brazil and its applicability among epilepsy patients]. Arq Neuropsiquiatr. 2011;69(2b):310-5.	Arq Neuropsiquiatr.	Epilepsy outpatients	50
Daily Spiritual Experience Scale (Brazil)	Oliveira²⁴24. Oliveira AML. Análise psicométrica da “Daily Spiritual experience scale” pelo método Rasch [Psychometric analysis of the Daily Spiritual Experience Scale by Rasch Method]. [Thesis]. São Paulo: Escola de Enfermagem da Universidade de São Paulo; 2011. Available from: http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/7/7139/tde-01062011-134231/fr.php. Accessed in 2012 (Oct 18). http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponivei...	PhD thesis	Clinical/surgical inpatients	179
Intrinsic Religiousness Inventory (Brazil)	Taunay et al.¹⁰10. Taunay TC, Cristino ED, Machado MO, et al. Desenvolvimento e validação do Inventário de Religiosidade Intrínseca (IRI) [Development and validation of the Intrinsic Religiousness Inventory (IRI)]. Rev Bras Psiquiatr. 2012;34(1):76-81.	Rev Bras Psiquiatr.	(a)Psychiatric and (b) University students	(a) 102(b) 323

Name of scale	Number of items	Translation process	Cross-cultural adaptation	Internal consistency	Concurrent validity	Discriminative validity	Test-retest procedure
Francis Scale of Attitude Towards Christianity(P)	24	Yes	Yes	0.96	No	No	No
Strayhorn, Weidman and Larson Religious Scale (B)	9	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No
Moschella Religious Scale (B)	34	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No
Private and Social Religious Practice Scale (B)	10	Yes	Yes	N/A	No	No	No
Intrinsic Religious Motivation Scale (B)	12	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No
Spiritual/Religious Coping Scale (B)	87	Yes	Yes	0.97	Yes	Yes	No
Pinto and Pais-Ribeiro's Spirituality Scale (P)	5	N/A	N/A	0.74	Yes	Yes	No
Brief Santa Clara Strength of Religious Faith (P)	5	Yes	Yes	0.93	Yes	No	No
FACIT-Sp 12 (B)	12	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No
Spiritual Well-Being Scale (B)	20	Yes	Yes	0.92	No	No	No
Spirituality Self-Rating Scale (B)	6	Yes	Yes	0.83	No	Yes	No
Aquino's Religiousness/Spirituality Attitude (B)	15	N/A	N/A	0.87	Yes	Yes	No
Duke Religion Index (B)^* * Duplicate articles in these databases were not included.	5	Yes	Yes	0.75	Yes^* * Duplicate articles in these databases were not included.	Yes	Yes^* * Duplicate articles in these databases were not included.
Pinto and Pais-Ribeiro's Spirituality Scale (B)	5	N/A	Yes	0.64	No	No	No
WHOQOL-SRPB (B)	32	Yes	Yes	0.96	Yes	Yes	Yes
Self-reported Religiosity (B)	1	Yes	Yes	N/A	No	No	No
WHOQOL-100 - SRPB questions (B)	4	Yes	Yes	0.84	Yes	Yes	Yes
Brief Spiritual/Religious Coping Scale (B)	49	Yes	Yes	0.93	Yes	Yes	No
Inspirit-R (B)	7	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No
Daily Spiritual Experience Scale (B)	16	Yes	Yes	0.91	No	No	No
Intrinsic Religiousness Inventory (B)	10	N/A	N/A	0.96	Yes	Yes	Yes

Associação Paulista de Medicina - APM APM / Publicações Científicas, Av. Brigadeiro Luís Antonio, 278 - 7º and., 01318-901 São Paulo SP - Brazil, Tel.: +55 11 3188-4310 / 3188-4311, Fax: +55 11 3188-4255 - São Paulo - SP - Brazil
E-mail: revistas@apm.org.br

Acompanhe os números deste periódico no seu leitor de RSS

[1] Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Hospital João Evangelista and Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, Brazil