EMPODERAMENTO DE ENFERMEIROS DE UM HOSPITAL NO SUL DO CHILE

Masias, Karen Andrea Antiquera; Santos, José Luís Guedes dos; Erdmann, Alacoque Lorenzini

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Original Article • Texto contexto - enferm. 29 (spe) • 2020 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-265X-TCE-2019-0341 copiar

EMPODERAMENTO DE ENFERMEIROS DE UM HOSPITAL NO SUL DO CHILE

Autoria SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

RESUMO

Objetivo:

identificar o nível de empoderamento dos enfermeiros de um hospital no sul do Chile e verificar as possíveis associações com variáveis de caracterização pessoal e profissional.

Método:

estudo transversal e descriptivo com uma amostra de 117 enfermeiros de um hospital no sul do Chile. A coleta de dados foi realizada em 2018 usando um formulário de caracterização pessoal e profissional e a versão em espanhol do Conditions of Work Effectiveness Questionnaire II. Os dados foram analisados usando estatísticas descritivas e inferenciais.

Resultados:

as médias dos fatores da escala de empoderamento foram: Oportunidade (4,11±0,82); Informação (3,81±0,90); Suporte (3,81±0,86) e Recursos (3,13±0,97). Diferenças statisticamente significativas foram encontradas entre empoderamento e maior experiência professional, trabalhar no Bloco Médico Cirúrgico, ter de 3 a 10 pacientes sob responsabilidade, satisfação com o trabalho e intenção de abandonar o emprego.

Conclusão:

os enfermeiros têm uma percepção positiva de empoderamento em seus papéis, especialmente com relação à oportunidade de realizar tarefas que contribuem para a aquisição de novos conhecimentos e habilidades no trabalho.

DESCRITORES:
Enfermagem; Ambiente de trabalho; Supervisão de enfermagem; Pesquisa em administração de enfermagem; Hospitais públicos; Poder psicológico

Variable	n (%)
Professional experience
More than 20 years	19 (16.8)
10 to 20 years	32 (28.3)
5 to 10 years	31 (27.4)
3 to 5 years	7 (6.2)
Up to 3 years	24 (21.2)
Time working in the facility
More than 20 years	13 (11.5)
10 to 20 years	26 (23)
5 to 10 years	37 (32.7)
3 to 5 years	10 (8.8)
Up to 3 years	27 (23.9)
Employment relationship
Fixed-term contract	62 (53)
Permanent employee	15 (12.8)
Permanente substitute	10 (8.5)
Substitute or replacement	30 (25.6)
Profession
4-day shift Clinical Nurse	64 (54.7)
Daytime Clinical Nurse	18 (15.4)
Nursing Specialties	14 (12)
Nursing supervisor/coordinator	21 (17.9)
Service
Medical surgical ward	41 (35.3)
Ward specialties	17 (14.7)
Outpatient care	9 (7.8)
Critical care units	42 (36.2)
Management service	7 (6)
Number of patients under one’s responsibility
3 to 10 patients	29 (37.7)
11 to 15 patients	10 (13)
16 to 20 patients	6 (7.8)
21 to 30 patients	28 (36.4)
31 or more patients	4 (5.2)
Other job
Yes	19 (16.2)
No	98 (83.8)
Total workload
Up to 44 hours	54 (46.6)
More than 44 hours	62 (53.4)

Variable	n (%)
Job satisfaction
Very dissatisfied	3 (2.6)
Dissatisfied	6 (5.1)
Satisfied	65 (55.6)
Very satisfied	43 (36.8)
Assessment of the care provided to patients
Very poor	-
Poor	1 (0.9)
Good	51 (43.6)
Very good	65 (55.6)
Intention to quit job
No intention	85 (72.6)
1 - 5	20 (17.1)
6 - 10	12 (10.3)

	Mean (SD)*
Opportunity	4.11 (0.82)
Challenging work.	3.93 (1.03)
The chance to gain new skills and knowledge on the job.	3.95 (1.19)
Tasks that use all of your own skills and knowledge.	4.44 (0.76)
Information	3.81 (0.90)
Information regarding the organization’s current state.	3.75 (0.91)
Information regarding the organization’s values.	3.85 (0.98)
Information regarding the organization’s goals.	3.84 (1.00)
Support	3.81 (0.86)
Specific information about things you do well.	3.73 (1.11)
Specific comments about things you could improve.	3.78 (0.98)
Helpful hints or problem-solving advice.	3.91 (0.96)
Resources	3.13 (0.97)
Time available to do the necessary paperwork.	2.81 (1.10)
Time available to accomplish job requirements.	3.33 (1.07)
Acquiring temporary help when needed.	3.23 (1.31)

	Opportunity			Information			Support			Resources
	n	mean(SD)*	p	n	mean(SD)*	p	n	mean(SD)*	p	n	mean(SD)*	p
Professional experience
More ttdan 20 years	19	4.7^b [3.7; 5.0]	0.040^†	19	4.0 [3.0; 4.7]	0.645^†	19	3.3^ab [2.7; 4.7]	0.023^†	19	3.0 [1.7; 4.0]	0.200^†
10 to 20 years	32	4.3^ab [3.7; 4.7]		32	4.0 [3.0; 4.7]		32	4.0^a [3.7; 4.7]		32	3.3 [2.8; 3.8]
5 to 10 years	31	4.0^ab [3.7; 4.7]		31	4.0 [3.3; 4.7]		31	4.0^a [3.7; 4.3]		31	3.0 [2.3; 3.3]
3 to 5 years	7	3.3^a [2.3; 3.7]		7	3.7 [3.3; 4.0]		7	2.7^b [2.3; 4.0]		7	3.0 [2.3; 3.3]
Up to 3 years	24	4.3^ab [3.8; 5.0]		24	3.8 [3.3; 4.2]		24	4.0^ab [3.3; 4.5]		24	3.5 [3.0; 4.0]
Service
Medical surgical ward	41	3.7^a [3.0; 4.0]	<0.001^†	41	3.3^a [3.0; 4.0]	0.005^†	41	3.3^a [3.0; 4.0]	0.003^†	41	2.7^a [2.0; 3.0]	<0.001^†
Nursing Specialties	17	4.3^b [4.0; 5.0]		17	4.0^ab [3.3; 4.7]		17	4.0^ab [3.7; 4.7]		17	3.0^ab [2.7; 3.7]
Outpatient care	9	4.7^ab [4.3; 4.7]		9	4.7^b [4.0; 5.0]		9	4.3^ab [3.7; 4.7]		9	3.7^ab [3.3; 3.7]
Critical care units	42	4.7^b [4.0; 5.0]		42	4.0^ab [3.3; 4.7]		42	4.0^b [3.7; 4.7]		42	3.7^b [3.3; 4.3]
Management	7	4.0^ab [3.0; 4.7]		7	5.0^ab [3.0; 5.0]		7	3.7^ab [3.0; 4.7]		7	3.3^ab [1.7; 3.7]
Number of patients under your responsibility
3 to 10 patients	29	4.7^a [4.0; 5.0]	0.002^†	29	3.7 [3.0; 4.3]	0.150^†	29	4.0 [3.3; 4.7]	0.225^†	29	3.3^a [3.0; 4.0]	0.001^†
11 to 15 patients	10	4.0^ab [3.7; 4.3]		10	4.0 [3.3; 4.7]		10	3.8 [3.3; 4.0]		10	3.0^ab [3.0; 3.3]
16 to 20 patients	6	4.7^ab [4.3; 5.0]		6	4.2 [4.0; 4.3]		6	4.0 [3.0; 4.7]		6	3.2^ab [2.7; 3.7]
21 to 30 patients	28	3.7^b [3.2; 4.0]		28	3.3 [3.0; 4.0]		28	3.3 [3.0; 4.0]		28	2.7^a [1.7; 3.0]
31 or more patients	4	4.0^ab [3.3; 4.2]		4	3.7 [3.2; 4.5]		4	3.7 [3.3; 3.7]		4	2.8^b [2.0; 3.5]
Job satisfaction
Very dissatisfied	3	5.0^ab [4.0; 5.0]	<0.001^†	3	4.0^ab [4.0; 5.0]	<0.001^†	3	4.7^a [4.7; 5.0]	<0.001^†	3	3.7^ab [3.3; 3.7]	<0.001^†
Dissatisfied	6	3.8^a [2.7; 4.0]		6	3.3^a [2.0; 4.0]		6	3.3^b [2.0; 3.7]		6	2.5^a [1.7; 3.0]
Satisfied	65	3.7^a [3.3; 4.3]		65	3.3^a [3.0; 4.0]		65	3.7^b [3.0; 4.0]		65	3.0^a [2.0; 3.3]
Very satisfied	43	4.7^b [4.3; 5.0]		43	4.3^b [3.7; 5.0]		43	4.3^a [4.0; 5.0]		43	3.7^b [3.0; 4.3]
Assessment of the care provided to patents
Very poor	0	0.0 [0.0; 0.0]	0.024^†	0	0.0 [0.0; 0.0]	0.008^†	0	0.0 [0.0; 0.0]	<0.001^†	0	0.0 [0.0; 0.0]	0.001^†
Poor	1	4.0^ab [4.0; 4.0]		1	4.3^ab [4.3; 4.3]		1	4.0^ab [4.0; 4.0]		1	3.0^ab [3.0; 3.0]
Good	51	3.7^a [3.3; 4.7]		51	3.3^a [3.0; 4.0]		51	3.7^a [3.0; 4.0]		51	3.0^a [2.0; 3.3]
Very good	65	4.3^b [4.0; 5.0]		65	4.0^b [3.3; 4.7]		65	4.3^b [3.7; 4.7]		65	3.3^b [3.0; 4.0]
Intention to quit job
No intention	85	4.31^a (0.74)	<0.001^‡	85	4.0^a [3.3; 4.7]	0.013^†	85	4.0^a [3.3; 4.7]	0.001^†	85	3.24^a (0.99)	0.046^‡
1 - 5	20	3.75^b (0.77)		20	3.3^b [3.0; 3.8]		20	3.3^b [2.5; 4.0]		20	3.00^ab (0.66)
6 - 10	12	3.25^b (0.64)		12	3.8^ab [3.2; 4.0]		12	3.5^ab [2.7; 4.2]		12	2.53^b (1.06)

Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Programa de Pós Graduação em Enfermagem Campus Universitário Trindade, 88040-970 Florianópolis - Santa Catarina - Brasil, Tel.: (55 48) 3721-4915 / (55 48) 3721-9043 - Florianópolis - SC - Brazil
E-mail: textoecontexto@contato.ufsc.br

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[1] CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
José Luís Guedes dos Santos jose.santos@ufsc.br