ENFERMEDAD MENTAL EN LA POBLACIÓN GENERAL Y EN LOS PROFESIONALES DE SALUD DURANTE COVID-19: EXAMEN DE ALCANCE

Moreira, Wanderson Carneiro; Sousa, Anderson Reis de; Nóbrega, Maria do Perpétuo Socorro de Sousa

Acessibilidade / Reportar erro

Brasil

Texto & Contexto - Enfermagem

Español English

Brasil

Español English

sumário « anterior atual seguinte »

Sumário

Special Section COVID-19 • Texto contexto - enferm. 29 • 2020 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-265X-TCE-2020-0215 copiar

ENFERMEDAD MENTAL EN LA POBLACIÓN GENERAL Y EN LOS PROFESIONALES DE SALUD DURANTE COVID-19: EXAMEN DE ALCANCE

Autoría SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

RESUMEN

Objetivo:

mapear la literatura sobre enfermedades mentales en la población general y en profesionales de la salud durante la pandemia de Covid-19.

Método:

scoping review en las bases de datos MEDLINE/PubMed, SCOPUS, Web of Science, PsycINFO, Science Direct y en servidores de preprints medRxiv, bioRxiv y PsyArXiv, usando los descriptores “Covid-19”, “coronavirus infection”, “coronavirus”, “2019-nCoV”, “2019 novel coronavirus disease”, “SARS-CoV-2”, “health personnel”, “general public” e “mental health”.

Resultados:

se encontraron 1.168 artículos, de los cuales 27 fueron analizados. 19 (70%) se ocuparon de la prevalencia de enfermedades mentales en la población general, seis (22%) en médicos y enfermeras, uno (4%) en otros profesionales de la salud y uno (4%) en la población general y los enfermeros. Se identificaron 19 síntomas de enfermedad mental.

Conclusión:

la pandemia de Covid-19 desencadenó ansiedad, depresión, estrés y trastornos de estrés postraumático con mayor frecuencia en la población general y los profesionales de la salud. Las mujeres, los estudiantes y las enfermeras se encuentran entre los más afectados.

DESCRIPTORES
Covid-19; Infecciones por coronavirus; Pandemias Salud mental; Estrés psicológico

Database	Search strategy	Results
MEDLINE/PubMed	(“covid 19”) AND (“mental health”)	320
MEDLINE/PubMed	(“coronavirus infection” OR “coronavirus” OR “2019-nCoV” OR “2019 novel coronavirus disease” OR “COVID-19” OR “SARS-CoV-2”) AND (“Mental health”)	351
PsycINFO		49
SCOPUS		239
Web of Science		65
Science Direct	(“coronavirus infection” OR “coronavirus” OR “2019-nCoV” OR “2019 novel coronavirus disease” OR “COVID-19” OR “SARS-CoV-2”) AND (Mental health) AND (“General public” OR “Health Personnel”)	119

References	Authors (ano)	Country	Journal	Methodological outline	Population/ Sample
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A112929. Tan W, Hao F, McIntyre RS, Jiang L, Jiang X, Zhang L, et al. Is Returning to work during the COVID-19 pandemic stressful? a study on immediate mental health status and psychoneuro immunity prevention measures of Chinese workforce. Brain Behav Immun [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2020 May 07];87:84-92. Available from: https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2020.04.055 https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2020.04...	Tan et al. (2020)	China	Brain, Behav Immun	Transversal	General population (n=1.323)
A123030. Özdin S, Özdin ŞB. Levels and predictors of anxiety, depression and health anxiety during COVID-19 pandemic in Turkish society: The importance of gender. Int J Soc Psychiatry [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2020 May 07];66(5):504-11. Available from: https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020764020927051 https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020764020927...	Özdin & Özdin (2020)	Turkey	Intl J Social Psychiatry	Transversal	General population (n=343)
A133131. Zhang WR, Wang K, Yin L, Zhao WF, Xue Q, Peng M, et al. Mental health and psychosocial problems of medical health workers during the COVID-19 epidemic in China. Psychother Psychosom [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2020 May 07];89:242-50. Available from: https://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000507639 https://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000507639...	Zhang et al. (2020)	China	Psychother Psychosom	Transversal	General population (n=2.182)
A143232. Huang JZ, Han MF, Luo TD, Ren AK, Zhou XP. Mental health survey of 230 medical staff in a tertiary infectious disease hospital for COVID-19. Zhonghua Lao Dong Wei Sheng Zhi Ye Bing Za Zhi [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2020 May 07];38(3):192-5. Available from: https://dx.doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn121094-20200219-00063 https://dx.doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn12109...	Huang et al. (2020)	China	Chin J Indu Hyg Occup Dis	Transversal	Doctors and Nurses (n=230)
A153333. Ozamiz-Etxebarria N, Dosil-Santamaria M, Picaza-Gorrochategui M, Idoiaga-Mondragon N. Stress, anxiety, and depression levels in the initial stage of the COVID-19 outbreak in a population sample in the northern Spain. Cad Saúde Publica [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2020 May 07];36(4):e00054020. Available from: https://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0102-311X00054020 https://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0102-311X0005...	Ozamiz-Etxebarria et al. (2020)	Spain	Cad Saúde Pública	Transversal	General population (n=1.003)
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Utilized instruments	Reference
17-item self-reported PTSD Checklist (PCL-C)	A163434. Bo HX, Li W, Yang Y, Wang Y, Zhang Q, Cheung T, et al. Posttraumatic stress symptoms and attitude toward crisis mental health services among clinically stable patients with COVID-19 in China. Psychol Med [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2020 May 07]. Available from: https://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0033291720000999 https://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S003329172000...
7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7)	A62222. Wang C, Pan R, Wan X, Tan Y, Xu L, et al. A longitudinal study on the mental health of general population during the COVID-19 epidemic in China. Brain Behav Immun [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2020 May 07];87:40-8. Available from: https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2020.04.028 https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2020.04... , A72525. Huang Y, Zhao N. Generalized anxiety disorder, depressive symptoms and sleep quality during COVID-19 outbreak in China: a web-based cross-sectional survey. Psychiatry Res [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2020 May 07];12(288):112954. Available from: https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112954 https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.20... , A92727. Kang L, Ma S, Chen M, Yang J, Wang Y, Li R, et al. Impact on mental health and perceptions of psychological care among medical and nursing staff in Wuhan during the 2019 novel coronavirus disease outbreak: A cross-sectional study. Brain Behav Immun [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2020 May 07];87:11-7. Available from: https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2020.03.028 https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2020.03... , A203838. Zhang C, Yang L, Liu S, Ma S, Wang Y, Cai Z, et al. Survey of insomnia and related social psychological factors among medical staff involved in the 2019 novel coronavirus disease outbreak. Front Psychiatry [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2020 May 07];11:306. Available from: https://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00306 https://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00... , A264444. Cao W, Fang Z, Hou G, Han M, Xu X, et al. The psychological impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on college students in China. Psychiatry Res [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2020 May 07];287:112934. Available from: https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112934 https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.20...
7-item Insomnia Severity Index	A62424. Lai J, Ma S, Wang Y, Cai Z, Hu J, Wei N. Factors associated with mental health outcomes among health care workers exposed to coronavirus disease 2019. JAMA Netw Open [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2020 May 07]; 3(3):e203976. Available from: https://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.3976 https://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkop... , A92727. Kang L, Ma S, Chen M, Yang J, Wang Y, Li R, et al. Impact on mental health and perceptions of psychological care among medical and nursing staff in Wuhan during the 2019 novel coronavirus disease outbreak: A cross-sectional study. Brain Behav Immun [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2020 May 07];87:11-7. Available from: https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2020.03.028 https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2020.03... , A112929. Tan W, Hao F, McIntyre RS, Jiang L, Jiang X, Zhang L, et al. Is Returning to work during the COVID-19 pandemic stressful? a study on immediate mental health status and psychoneuro immunity prevention measures of Chinese workforce. Brain Behav Immun [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2020 May 07];87:84-92. Available from: https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2020.04.055 https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2020.04... , A133131. Zhang WR, Wang K, Yin L, Zhao WF, Xue Q, Peng M, et al. Mental health and psychosocial problems of medical health workers during the COVID-19 epidemic in China. Psychother Psychosom [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2020 May 07];89:242-50. Available from: https://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000507639 https://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000507639... , A203838. Zhang C, Yang L, Liu S, Ma S, Wang Y, Cai Z, et al. Survey of insomnia and related social psychological factors among medical staff involved in the 2019 novel coronavirus disease outbreak. Front Psychiatry [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2020 May 07];11:306. Available from: https://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00306 https://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00...
9-item Patient Health Questionnaire	A62424. Lai J, Ma S, Wang Y, Cai Z, Hu J, Wei N. Factors associated with mental health outcomes among health care workers exposed to coronavirus disease 2019. JAMA Netw Open [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2020 May 07]; 3(3):e203976. Available from: https://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.3976 https://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkop... , A92727. Kang L, Ma S, Chen M, Yang J, Wang Y, Li R, et al. Impact on mental health and perceptions of psychological care among medical and nursing staff in Wuhan during the 2019 novel coronavirus disease outbreak: A cross-sectional study. Brain Behav Immun [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2020 May 07];87:11-7. Available from: https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2020.03.028 https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2020.03... , A133131. Zhang WR, Wang K, Yin L, Zhao WF, Xue Q, Peng M, et al. Mental health and psychosocial problems of medical health workers during the COVID-19 epidemic in China. Psychother Psychosom [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2020 May 07];89:242-50. Available from: https://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000507639 https://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000507639... , A203838. Zhang C, Yang L, Liu S, Ma S, Wang Y, Cai Z, et al. Survey of insomnia and related social psychological factors among medical staff involved in the 2019 novel coronavirus disease outbreak. Front Psychiatry [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2020 May 07];11:306. Available from: https://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00306 https://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00...
Attachment Style Questionnaire (ASQ)	A32121. Moccia L, Janiri D, Pepe M, Dattoli L, Molinaro M, De Martin V, et al. Affective temperament, attachment style, and the psychological impact of the COVID-19 outbreak: an early report on the Italian general population. Brain Behav Immun [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2020 May 07];20(20):30586-9. Available from: https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2020.04.048 https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2020.04...
Center for Epidemiology Scale for Depression (CES-D)	A72525. Huang Y, Zhao N. Generalized anxiety disorder, depressive symptoms and sleep quality during COVID-19 outbreak in China: a web-based cross-sectional survey. Psychiatry Res [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2020 May 07];12(288):112954. Available from: https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112954 https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.20...
Chinese version of Connor-Davidson resilience scale (CD-RISC)	A22020. Cai W, Lian B, Song X, Hou T, Deng G, Li H. A cross-sectional study on mental health among health care workers during the outbreak of Corona Virus Disease 2019. Asian J Psychiatr [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2020 May 07];24(51):102111. Available from: https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102111 https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajp.2020.10...
Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21)	A11919. Mazza C, Ricci E, Biondi S, Colasanti M, Ferracuti S, Napoli C, et al. A nationwide survey of psychological distress among Italian people during the COVID-19 pandemic: immediate psychological responses and associated factors. Int J Environ Res Public Health [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2020 May 07];17(9):3165. Available from: https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17093165 https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph1709316... , A42222. Wang C, Pan R, Wan X, Tan Y, Xu L, et al. A longitudinal study on the mental health of general population during the COVID-19 epidemic in China. Brain Behav Immun [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2020 May 07];87:40-8. Available from: https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2020.04.028 https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2020.04... , A82626. Wang C, Pan R, Wan X, Tan Y, Xu L, Ho CS, et al. Immediate psychological responses and associated factors during the initial stage of the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) epidemic among the general population in China. Int J Environ Res Public Health [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2020 May 07];17(5):e1729. Available from: https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17051729 https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph1705172... , A112929. Tan W, Hao F, McIntyre RS, Jiang L, Jiang X, Zhang L, et al. Is Returning to work during the COVID-19 pandemic stressful? a study on immediate mental health status and psychoneuro immunity prevention measures of Chinese workforce. Brain Behav Immun [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2020 May 07];87:84-92. Available from: https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2020.04.055 https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2020.04... , A153333. Ozamiz-Etxebarria N, Dosil-Santamaria M, Picaza-Gorrochategui M, Idoiaga-Mondragon N. Stress, anxiety, and depression levels in the initial stage of the COVID-19 outbreak in a population sample in the northern Spain. Cad Saúde Publica [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2020 May 07];36(4):e00054020. Available from: https://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0102-311X00054020 https://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0102-311X0005...
General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES)	A234141. Xiao H, Zhang Y, Kong D, Li S, Yang N. The effects of social support on sleep quality of medical staff treating patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in january and february 2020 in China. Med Sci Monit [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2020 May 07];26:e923549. Available from: https://dx.doi.org/10.12659/MSM.923549 https://dx.doi.org/10.12659/MSM.923549...
Health Anxiety Inventory (HAI)	A123030. Özdin S, Özdin ŞB. Levels and predictors of anxiety, depression and health anxiety during COVID-19 pandemic in Turkish society: The importance of gender. Int J Soc Psychiatry [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2020 May 07];66(5):504-11. Available from: https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020764020927051 https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020764020927...
Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS)	A123030. Özdin S, Özdin ŞB. Levels and predictors of anxiety, depression and health anxiety during COVID-19 pandemic in Turkish society: The importance of gender. Int J Soc Psychiatry [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2020 May 07];66(5):504-11. Available from: https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020764020927051 https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020764020927...
Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R)	A42222. Wang C, Pan R, Wan X, Tan Y, Xu L, et al. A longitudinal study on the mental health of general population during the COVID-19 epidemic in China. Brain Behav Immun [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2020 May 07];87:40-8. Available from: https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2020.04.028 https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2020.04... , A62424. Lai J, Ma S, Wang Y, Cai Z, Hu J, Wei N. Factors associated with mental health outcomes among health care workers exposed to coronavirus disease 2019. JAMA Netw Open [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2020 May 07]; 3(3):e203976. Available from: https://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.3976 https://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkop... , A82626. Wang C, Pan R, Wan X, Tan Y, Xu L, Ho CS, et al. Immediate psychological responses and associated factors during the initial stage of the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) epidemic among the general population in China. Int J Environ Res Public Health [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2020 May 07];17(5):e1729. Available from: https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17051729 https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph1705172... , A92727. Kang L, Ma S, Chen M, Yang J, Wang Y, Li R, et al. Impact on mental health and perceptions of psychological care among medical and nursing staff in Wuhan during the 2019 novel coronavirus disease outbreak: A cross-sectional study. Brain Behav Immun [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2020 May 07];87:11-7. Available from: https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2020.03.028 https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2020.03... , A102828. Zhang Y, Ma ZF. Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health and quality of life among local residents in Liaoning Province, China: a cross-sectional study. Int J Environ Res Public Health [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2020 May 07];17(7):e2381. Available from: https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17072381 https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph1707238... , A112929. Tan W, Hao F, McIntyre RS, Jiang L, Jiang X, Zhang L, et al. Is Returning to work during the COVID-19 pandemic stressful? a study on immediate mental health status and psychoneuro immunity prevention measures of Chinese workforce. Brain Behav Immun [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2020 May 07];87:84-92. Available from: https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2020.04.055 https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2020.04... , A203838. Zhang C, Yang L, Liu S, Ma S, Wang Y, Cai Z, et al. Survey of insomnia and related social psychological factors among medical staff involved in the 2019 novel coronavirus disease outbreak. Front Psychiatry [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2020 May 07];11:306. Available from: https://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00306 https://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00...
Italian Temperament Evaluation of Memphis, Pisa, Paris and San Diego-Autoquestionnaire (TEMPS-A)	A32121. Moccia L, Janiri D, Pepe M, Dattoli L, Molinaro M, De Martin V, et al. Affective temperament, attachment style, and the psychological impact of the COVID-19 outbreak: an early report on the Italian general population. Brain Behav Immun [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2020 May 07];20(20):30586-9. Available from: https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2020.04.048 https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2020.04...
Kessler 10 Psychological Distress Scale (K10)	A32121. Moccia L, Janiri D, Pepe M, Dattoli L, Molinaro M, De Martin V, et al. Affective temperament, attachment style, and the psychological impact of the COVID-19 outbreak: an early report on the Italian general population. Brain Behav Immun [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2020 May 07];20(20):30586-9. Available from: https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2020.04.048 https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2020.04...
Kessler 6-item psychological distress scale (K-6)	A224040. Hao X, Zhou D, Li Z, Zeng G, Hao N, Li E, et al. Severe psychological distress among epilepsy patients during the COVID-19 outbreak in southwest China. Epilepsia [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2020 May 07];61(6):1166-73. Available from: https://dx.doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/epi.16544 https://dx.doi.org/https://doi.org/10.11...
Mental Health Lifestyle Scale (MHLSS)	A102828. Zhang Y, Ma ZF. Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health and quality of life among local residents in Liaoning Province, China: a cross-sectional study. Int J Environ Res Public Health [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2020 May 07];17(7):e2381. Available from: https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17072381 https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph1707238...
Numeric rating scale (NRS) on fear, Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA)	A183636. Lu W, Wang H, Lin Y, Li L. Psychological status of medical workforce during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study. Psychiatry Res [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2020 May 07]; 288:112936. Available from: https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112936 https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.20...
Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD)	A183636. Lu W, Wang H, Lin Y, Li L. Psychological status of medical workforce during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study. Psychiatry Res [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2020 May 07]; 288:112936. Available from: https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112936 https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.20...
Personal Social Capital Scale 16 (PSCI-16)	A193737. Xiao H, Zhang Y, Kong D, Li S, Yang N. Social capital and sleep quality in individuals who self-isolated for 14 days during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in january 2020 in China. Med Sci Monit [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2020 May 07];26: e923921. Available from: https://dx.doi.org/10.12659/MSM.923921 https://dx.doi.org/10.12659/MSM.923921...
Personality Inventory for DSM-5-Brief Form-Adult (PID-5-BF)	A11919. Mazza C, Ricci E, Biondi S, Colasanti M, Ferracuti S, Napoli C, et al. A nationwide survey of psychological distress among Italian people during the COVID-19 pandemic: immediate psychological responses and associated factors. Int J Environ Res Public Health [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2020 May 07];17(9):3165. Available from: https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17093165 https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph1709316...
Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI)	A72525. Huang Y, Zhao N. Generalized anxiety disorder, depressive symptoms and sleep quality during COVID-19 outbreak in China: a web-based cross-sectional survey. Psychiatry Res [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2020 May 07];12(288):112954. Available from: https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112954 https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.20...
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Self-rating Scale	A143232. Huang JZ, Han MF, Luo TD, Ren AK, Zhou XP. Mental health survey of 230 medical staff in a tertiary infectious disease hospital for COVID-19. Zhonghua Lao Dong Wei Sheng Zhi Ye Bing Za Zhi [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2020 May 07];38(3):192-5. Available from: https://dx.doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn121094-20200219-00063 https://dx.doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn12109...
PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5)	A173535. Liu N, Zhang F, Wei C, Jia Y, Shang Z, Sun L, et al. Prevalence and predictors of PTSS during COVID-19 outbreak in China hardest-hit areas: gender differences matter. Psychiatry Res [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2020 May 07];287:112921. Available from: https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112921 https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.20...
Self-rating Anxiety Acale (SAS)	A143232. Huang JZ, Han MF, Luo TD, Ren AK, Zhou XP. Mental health survey of 230 medical staff in a tertiary infectious disease hospital for COVID-19. Zhonghua Lao Dong Wei Sheng Zhi Ye Bing Za Zhi [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2020 May 07];38(3):192-5. Available from: https://dx.doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn121094-20200219-00063 https://dx.doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn12109...
Sleep State Self-Rating Scale (SRSS)	A52323. Liu K, Chen Y, Wu D, Lin R, Wang Z, Pan L. Effects of progressive muscle relaxation on anxiety and sleep quality in patients with COVID-19. Complement Ther Clin Pract [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2020 May 07];39:101132. Available from: https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ctcp.2020.101132 https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ctcp.2020.1...
Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS)	A22020. Cai W, Lian B, Song X, Hou T, Deng G, Li H. A cross-sectional study on mental health among health care workers during the outbreak of Corona Virus Disease 2019. Asian J Psychiatr [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2020 May 07];24(51):102111. Available from: https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102111 https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajp.2020.10...
Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Scale (STAI)	A52323. Liu K, Chen Y, Wu D, Lin R, Wang Z, Pan L. Effects of progressive muscle relaxation on anxiety and sleep quality in patients with COVID-19. Complement Ther Clin Pract [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2020 May 07];39:101132. Available from: https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ctcp.2020.101132 https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ctcp.2020.1...
Stanford Acute Stress Reaction (SASR)	A193737. Xiao H, Zhang Y, Kong D, Li S, Yang N. Social capital and sleep quality in individuals who self-isolated for 14 days during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in january 2020 in China. Med Sci Monit [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2020 May 07];26: e923921. Available from: https://dx.doi.org/10.12659/MSM.923921 https://dx.doi.org/10.12659/MSM.923921... , A234141. Xiao H, Zhang Y, Kong D, Li S, Yang N. The effects of social support on sleep quality of medical staff treating patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in january and february 2020 in China. Med Sci Monit [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2020 May 07];26:e923549. Available from: https://dx.doi.org/10.12659/MSM.923549 https://dx.doi.org/10.12659/MSM.923549...
Symptom Check-List-90 (SCL-90)	A22020. Cai W, Lian B, Song X, Hou T, Deng G, Li H. A cross-sectional study on mental health among health care workers during the outbreak of Corona Virus Disease 2019. Asian J Psychiatr [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2020 May 07];24(51):102111. Available from: https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102111 https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajp.2020.10... , A133131. Zhang WR, Wang K, Yin L, Zhao WF, Xue Q, Peng M, et al. Mental health and psychosocial problems of medical health workers during the COVID-19 epidemic in China. Psychother Psychosom [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2020 May 07];89:242-50. Available from: https://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000507639 https://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000507639...
Vicarious Traumatization Questionnaire	A274545. Li Z, Ge J, Yang M, Feng J, Qiao M, Jiang R, et al. Vicarious traumatization in the general public, members, and non-members of medical teams aiding in COVID-19 control. Brain Behav Immun [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2020 May 07]; pii: S0889-1591(20)30309-3. Available from: https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2020.03.007 https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2020.03...
Own Questionnaire	A213939. Roy D, Tripathy S, Kar SK, Sharma N, Verma SK, Kaushal V. Study of knowledge, attitude, anxiety & perceived mental healthcare need in Indian population during COVID-19 pandemic. Asian J Psychiatr [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2020 May 07];51:102083. Available from: https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102083 https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajp.2020.10... , A244242. Li S, Wang Y, Xue J, Zhao N, Zhu T. The impact of COVID-19 epidemic declaration on psychological consequences: a study on active weibo users. Int J Environ Res Public Health [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2020 May 07];17(6):e2032. Available from: https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17062032 https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph1706203... , A254343. Ahmad AR, Murad HR, Gardner M. The impact of social media on hyped panic during the COVID-19 pandemic: the Iraqi Kurdistan case. J Med Internet Res [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2020 May 07]; 22(5):e19556. Available from: https://dx.doi.org/10.2196/19556 https://dx.doi.org/10.2196/19556...

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