Estrés Relacionado con la Hospitalización Pediátrica e Intervenciones Posibles: Análisis de la Literatura Brasileña

Silveira, Kelly Ambrosio; Paula, Kely Maria Pereira de; Enumo, Sônia Regina Fiorim

doi:10.9788/TP2019.2-11

Acessibilidade / Reportar erro

Brasil

Español English

sumário « anterior atual seguinte »

Sumário

Article • Trends Psychol. 27 (2) • Apr-Jun 2019 • https://doi.org/10.9788/TP2019.2-11 copiar

Estrés Relacionado con la Hospitalización Pediátrica e Intervenciones Posibles: Análisis de la Literatura Brasileña

Autoría SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Resumen

La hospitalización puede interferir en respuestas conductuales y emocionales e influir en los resultados en salud y en desarrollo. El análisis de la literatura puede ayudar en la comprensión de los factores desencadenantes y sus efectos. Este estudio analizó la producción brasileña sobre estrés en la hospitalización de niños y sus cuidadores. Se analizaron características metodológicas y temas ligados a contextos estresantes, reacciones emocionales y comportamentales y posibilidades de intervenciones. Se realizó una búsqueda en la Biblioteca Virtual en Salud, en 2000-2016, con descriptores hospitalización infantil, hospitalización, niño hospitalizado, estrés, estrés emocional y estrés psicológico. Tras los criterios de inclusión y exclusión, se leen en su totalidad 38 artículos. Las regiones Sudeste, Sur y Nordeste concentraron los estudios, hechos con muestras pequeñas y mixtas. Pocos utilizaron instrumentos de evaluación. Se destacó la necesidad de acciones que lleven al perfeccionamiento de las comunicaciones, favorezcan la acogida, mantengan atención a las necesidades de las familias, tengan foco en atención psicológica, y estimulen el lúdico, para la calidad de vida.

Palavras clave:
Hospitalización; estrés; niño; cuidadores

	Total (N = 38) n (%)	2000-2010 (n = 17)	2010-2016 (n = 21)
Region of the country
Southeast	18 (47)	9	9
South	14 (36)	7	7
Northeast	5 (13)	0	5
Authors' area of expertise
Nursing	21 (55)	12	9
Psychology	17 (44)	6	11
Data collection site
Teaching hospital	16 (42)	7	9
Hospitals specialized in caring for children and adolescents	12 (31)	4	8
Topics addressed
Perceptions of the hospitalization experience	14 (36)	8	6
Intervention programs	11 (28)	5	6
Evaluation of stress symptoms and coping	7 (21)	2	5
Perceptions of play in the hospital setting	6 (15)	2	4
Participants
Patients	22 (57)	13	9
Caregivers	12 (31)	3	9
Patients and caregivers	4 (10)	1	3
Patient age
6/7 to 11/12 years	14 (36)	4	10
Sample size (participants)
1-20	24 (61)	11	13
21-50	8 (21)	6	2
Over 50	6 (15)	0	6
Clinical conditions
Varied	27 (71)	11	16
Cancer	8 (21)	4	4
Chronic, communicable, respiratory	3 (7)	2	1
Procedures
Varied	30 (78)	14	16
Surgery	6 (15)	2	4
Inhalation, PICU, invasive examinations	3 (7)	2	1
Study design
Qualitative	20 (52)	9	11
Quantitative, descriptive	7 (18)	2	5
Quantitative, correlational	5 (13)	2	3
Data collection techniques
Interview	15 (39)	8	7
Self-report instrument: depression, stress, coping	13 (34)	6	7
Story Drawing	6 (15)
Behavior Observation	5 (13)	4	1
Participant observation, field diary	3 (7)	1	2

Authors	Participants/Characteristics		Focus	Interventions	Conclusions
Broering & Crepaldi (2011)*Broering, C. V., & Crepaldi, M. A. (2011). Preparação psicológica e o estresse de crianças submetidas a cirurgias [Psychological preparation and stress of children undergoing surgery]. Psicologia em Estudo, 16(1),15-23. doi: 10.1590/S1413-73722011000100003 https://doi.org/10.1590/S1413-7372201100...	30 children (6-12 years)	Undergoing minor surgery.	Stress-focused presurgical preparation.	(1) verbal information about the surgery; (2) information about the surgery and hands-on materials kit.	Reduction in stress levels, no difference between programs.
Motta & Enumo (2010)*Motta, A. B. , & Enumo, S. R. F. (2010). Intervenção psicológica lúdica para o enfrentamento da hospitalização em crianças com câncer [Recreational psychological intervention for coping with hospitalization in children with cancer]. Psicologia Teoria e Pesquisa, 26(3),445-454. doi: 10.1590/S0102-37722010000300007 https://doi.org/10.1590/S0102-3772201000...	12 children (7-12 years)	Admitted to Oncology Ward.	Effects of play-based psychological intervention.	Identification of feelings, distraction, information, cognitive restructuring.	Decrease in non-facilitating behaviors.
Valladares & Carvalho (2006)*Valladares, A. C. A., & Carvalho, A. M. P. (2006). A arterapia e o desenvolvimento do comportamento no contexto da hospitalização [Art therapy and behavior development in the context of hospitalization]. Revista da Escola de Enfermagem, 40(3),350-355. doi: 10.1590/S0080-62342006000300006 https://doi.org/10.1590/S0080-6234200600...	20 children (7-10 years)	Children with contagious illnesses.	Behavior after art therapy intervention.	Artistic techniques: drawing, painting, collage/cut-outs, sculpting, craftwork.	Calmer, more reflexive, dynamic, focused and participative.
Soares & Bomtempo (2004)*Soares, M. R. Z., & Bomtempo, E. (2004). A criança hospitalizada: Análise de um programa de atividades preparatórias para o procedimento médico de inalação [The hospitalized child: An analysis of a psychological intervention program on the preparation for an inhalation medical procedure]. Estudos de Psicologia (Campinas), 21(1),53-64. doi: 10.1590/S0103-166X2004000100005 https://doi.org/10.1590/S0103-166X200400...	20 children (5-8 years)	Exposure to inhalation procedures.	Compliant and noncompliant behavior.	Reading, role-play, relaxation and imagination.	More adaptive behavior patterns.
Nicolino et al. (2015)*Nicolino, T. N. A., Barbieri, M. C., Tacla, M. T. G. M., & Ferrari, R. A. P. (2015). Contação de história na unidade pediátrica: Percepção de acompanhantes de crianças hospitalizadas [Storytelling in the pediatric unit: Perception of persons accompanying hospitalized children]. Revista de Enfermagem UFSM, 5(1),32-39. doi: 10.5902/2179769213204 https://doi.org/10.5902/2179769213204...	8 relatives	Children in pediatric care.	Perceptions of story-telling.	One hour of story-telling - stories selected by interns and patients.	Promotes happiness and imagination, reduces stress and pain.
Alcântara et al. (2013)*Alcântara, T. V., Shioga, J. E. M., Lima, M. J. V., Lage, A. M. V., & Maia, A. H. N. (2013). Intervenções psicológicas na sala de espera: Estratégias no contexto da Oncologia Pediátrica [Psychological intervention in the waiting room: Strategies in the context of Pediatric Oncology]. Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Psicologia Hospitalar, 16(2),103-119. Retrieved from http://pepsic.bvsalud.org/pdf/rsbph/v16n2/v16n2a08.pdf http://pepsic.bvsalud.org/pdf/rsbph/v16n...	Children (3-11 years), and Relatives; 505 sessions	Waiting for invasive oncological procedures.	Identifying needs in order to reduce anxiety.	Waiting room: emotional support, listening, support, care and entertainment.	Play-based interventions, listening and psychoeducation were most successful.
Dib & Abrão (2013)*Dib, E. P., & Abrão, J. L. F. (2013). Uma experiência terapêutica pré-cirúrgica: O uso do desenho como mediador lúdico [A pre-surgical therapeutic experience: The use of drawing as mediator]. Boletim de Psicologia, 63(139), 159-174. Retrieved from http://pepsic.bvsalud.org/pdf/bolpsi/v63n139/v63n139a05.pdf http://pepsic.bvsalud.org/pdf/bolpsi/v63...	1 child (5 years).	Presurgical admission for orthopedic procedure.	Drawing in presurgical care.	Patient produced seven drawings.	Concerns were identified and an attempt at elaboration was made.
Vivian et al. (2013)*Vivian, A. G., Rocha, C. C., Agra, K. P., Krummenauer, C., Benvenutti, D. K., Timm, J. S., & Souza, F. P. (2013). Conversando com os pais: Relato de experiência de intervenção em grupo em UTI pediátrica [Talking to parents: Experience report of group interventio in pediatrics ICU]. Aletheia, 40, 174-184. Retrieved from http://pepsic.bvsalud.org/pdf/aletheia/n40/n40a15.pdf http://pepsic.bvsalud.org/pdf/aletheia/n...	57 parents and relatives	Children in PICU.	Group sessions with parents and caregivers.	Topics: impact of hospitalization on interaction.	Exchange of experiences and information.
Sanchez & Ebeling (2011)*Sanchez, M. L. M., & Ebeling, V. L. N. (2011). Internação infantil e sintomas depressivos: Intervenção psicológica [Admission depressive symptoms and children: Psychological intervention]. Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Psicologia Hospitalar, 14(1),186-199. Retrieved from http://pepsic.bvsalud.org/pdf/rsbph/v14n1/v14n1a11.pdf http://pepsic.bvsalud.org/pdf/rsbph/v14n...	10 children (7-12 years)	Admitted to pediatric units.	Play-based intervention to decrease depression.	Directed play.	All participants reported feeling happy after the intervention
Jansen et al. (2010)*Jansen, M. F., Santos, R. M., & Favero, L. (2010). Benefícios da utilização do brinquedo durante o cuidado de enfermagem prestado a criança hospitalizada [Benefits from the use of toys during nursing care delivered to hospitalized children]. Revista Gaúcha de Enfermagem, 31(2),247-253. doi: 10.1590/S1983-14472010000200007 https://doi.org/10.1590/S1983-1447201000...	3 children (5+ years) and 7 mothers	Hospitalized children.	Benefits of play in nursing care.	Nursing care combined with the use of instructional toys.	Acceptance of procedures, participation, reduced stress.
Lima et al. (2009)*Lima, R. A. G., Azevedo, E. F., Nascimento, L. C., & Rocha, S. M. M. (2009). A arte do teatro Clown no cuidado às crianças hospitalizadas [The art of Clown theater in care for hospitalized children]. Revista da Escola de Enfermagem USP, 43(1),186-193. doi: 10.1590/S0080-62342009000100024 https://doi.org/10.1590/S0080-6234200900...	20 children	Admitted to pediatric units.	Clown care for hospitalized children.	Forms of expression: music, acting, children's books and magic.	Imagination, happiness, control over daily routine; focus on needs.

Sociedade Brasileira de Psicologia R. Florêncio de Abreu, 681/1005 - CEP 14015-060 / Ribeirão Preto - SP, Brasil - Ribeirão Preto - SP - Brazil
E-mail: comissaoeditorial@sbponline.org.br

Acompanhe os números deste periódico no seu leitor de RSS

[1] *Mailing address: Av. Fernando Ferrari, 514, Goiabeiras, Vitória - ES, Brazil 29075-910. E-mail: kellyasfs@gmail.com, kelymppaula@gmail.comand soniaenumo@gmail.com