New Agromyza Fallén ( Diptera , Agromyzidae ) from Brazil and a key for the Neotropical species

Agromyza Fallén (Diptera, Agromyzidae) is a genus of leaf mining flies, including species with high economic importance. The knowledge of this genus is very poor in the neotropics, with 12 known species, only six of them recorded from Brazil. This paper describes two new Agromyza species from “Cerrado” and “Pantanal” biomes and records three other species represented only by females that could not be identified to species level. We also present a taxonomic key to segregate the 14 Neotropical species. The specimens were collected in Mato Grosso and Mato Grosso do Sul states and are deposited at Museu de Zoologia, Universidade de São Paulo (São Paulo, Brazil) and Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (Rio de Janeiro, Brazil) collections. The adults were photographed and the male terminalia were dissected and illustrated.


INTRODUCTION
The species of Agromyza Fallén (Diptera, Agromyzidae) are mostly leaf miners, with a few known as agricultural pests, known to attack a wide variety of cereals such as barley, oats, rye, wheat and corn (Spencer 1973a).Some species are galling, such as the Brazilian A. terebrans Bezzi and Tavares, 1916 that induces galls on leaves of Clitoria laurifolia Poir (Fabaceae) (Zlobin 2000).A considerable number of species are associated with a variety of dicotyledonous as host-plants, including Betulaceae, Boraginaceae and Asteraceae (see Benavent-Corai et al. 2005), although many species also occurs in monocotyledons.One particularly diverse group with characteristic male genitalia are found on numerous genera of grasses (Spencer 1990).Another group named the orobi-group includes species that feed on Fabaceae (Zlobin 2000).
Agromyza species are morphologically similar to Phytobia Lioy species, especially in the course of the Subcostal vein (Spencer and Steyskal 1986), but the presence of a stridulatory mechanism on the abdomen of both sexes in Agromyza can segregate these two genera (Tschirnhaus 1971).This stridulatory mechanism is present on the anterior lateral margin of the tergites 1+2 and on the posterior margin of the hind femur (Boucher 2010) and is one of the apomorphies that support the monophyly of the genus (Scheffer et al. 2007).This paper describes two new species of Agromyza found in Mato Grosso and Mato Grosso do Sul, in "Cerrado" and "Pantanal" biomes respectively.We also present an illustrated key for the Neotropical species.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
The specimens of the new species herein described were collected in Mato Grosso and Mato Grosso do Sul states (Brazil), in areas of "Cerrado", "Pantanal" biomes respectively, where the agromyzid fauna is almost unknown.The collections occurred during periodic expeditions of the "SISBIOTA Diptera" project, during the years of 2011-2013.
The specimens were captured using Malaise traps, preserved in 98% alcohol and mounted on entomological pins.Male terminalia were clarified in KOH 10% for 48 hours, immerse in glycerin on blades for analysis under optical microscope and drawn using a camera lucida.
Besides the material herein described, five females belonging to three other species were collected, but the identification could not be confirmed without the males.
Digital images were made using a Leica MZ16 stereomicroscope and the software AutoMontage Pro by Syncroscopy, version 5.03.0061.The terminology used followed Cumming and Wood (2009) and Boucher (2010).The map was made using DI-VA-gis.The material is deposited at the collections of Museu de Zoologia, Universidade de São Paulo (MZUSP, São Paulo, Brazil) and Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (MNRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil).
We also included in the Taxonomy topic, data on all known Neotropical species which were also keyed.[MZUSP] (Fig. 1).

Etymology:
The epithet flava refers to yellow coloration of the body.Description: Male.Body length: 2.4 mm; wing length: 2.1 mm (Fig. 3

Figure 1 -
Figure 1 -Map with the collected localities of the new Agromyza Fallén species.