Contulma vascaina sp . n . ( Insecta : Trichoptera : Anomalopsychidae ) , a new species from Rio de Janeiro state , southeastern Brazil

The caddisfly genus Contulma Flint, 1969, with 30 described species, is endemic to the Neotropics. In addition to the five species currently recorded from Brazil, a new species of Contulma is described and illustrated in this work. Contulma vascaina sp. n. is similar to C. sana Jardim and Nessimian, 2011 in prominent, slender and rod-like posterolateral lobe of segment IX, but the new species has a shorter posterolateral lobe, with long, spine-like seta apically. Contulma vascaina sp. n. can also be characterized by the presence of a large, hood-like sclerotized plate on the endothecal phallic membrane. The female genital structure is also described and illustrated.


INTRODUCTION
The endemic Neotropical family Anomalopsychidae was erected by Flint (1981) to include Anomalopsyche minuta (Schmid, 1957) and Contulma cranifer Flint, 1969, both from Chile and previously included in Sericostomatidae.Almost four decades later, the genus Anomalopsyche Flint, 1967 is still monotypic, but several species have been described in the genus Contulma Flint, 1969 (Holzenthal and Flint 1995, Holzenthal and Robertson 2006, Jardim and Nessimian 2011, Holzenthal and Ríos-Touma 2012, Holzenthal et al. 2017).Currently, the genus Contulma comprises 30 species described from Costa Rica, the Andes from Colombia to Chile, and mountainous areas of Southeastern Brazil (Holzenthal et al. 2017).
Members of Contulma can be founded associated with first order small streams, especially in splash zones of waterfalls and seeps in lush and remote mountainous areas, as well as high elevation Andean páramo streams (Holzenthal andFlint 1995, Holzenthal andRíos-Touma 2012).The species seem to display patterns of local endemism, being rarely attracted to light traps (Holzenthal and Robertson 2006).These particularities make it difficult to collect a large number of individuals.Most of the 30 species were described with few specimens (13 of them described based on a single male).Holzenthal and Flint (1995) revised the genus and presented a species phylogeny based on morphological characters.Since that time only nine species have been described, but according to Holzenthal and Calor (2017) many more possible new species await discovery.Holzenthal et al. (2017) provided a key to the males of the 30 known species.The species of the genus can be mainly recognized by the pattern of wing venation and genitalic structure: forewing with Rs shorter than R2+3 or R4+5, crossvein of M3+4 joining CuA basally at fork and vein 1A looping at CuP near its base; hind wing apparently lacks fork I; male genitalia with tergum X reduced and membranous, and inferior appendages small and highly modified; female with modified segment VIII, bearing a curved tergum and elongated, dorsally concave sternum (probably used to hold the egg mass), and genitalia with vaginal sclerites trident-shaped (Holzenthal and Flint 1995).
In Brazil, five species of Contulma are reported from southeastern mountainous areas of the country (Souza and Santos 2017).In the present work, a new species of Contulma is described and illustrated from specimens collected in Atlantic Forest areas in the Rio de Janeiro state, southeastern Brazil.The specimens were collected in three different altitudinal ranges -160 m, 700 m, and 1,110 m, all of in which were second order streams inside wellpreserved protected areas.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
Pennsylvania light traps (Frost 1957) and Malaise traps (Gressit and Gressit 1952) were used to capture adult specimens which were preserved in 96% ethanol.In order to observe genital structures, male abdomens were removed and cleared for identification using an 85% lactic acid solution heated to 125ºC for 20 minutes, followed by a rinse in distilled water (Blahnik et al. 2007), and mounted temporarily in glycerin jelly (Pennak 1978) on a slide for viewing and drawing.Removed abdomens were stored permanently in micro vials with 96% ethanol.Genitalia were examined under a compound microscope (Carl Zeiss, Axio Lab) equipped with a camera lucida, and their diagnostic structures were drawn in pencil.Sketches were used as templates to trace graphic vectors in Adobe Illustrator CS6 (v.16.0.0,Adobe Systems, Inc.).Morphological terminology followed Holzenthal and Flint (1995) and Holzenthal and Robertson (2006).
The specimens examined are deposited in the Coleção Entomológica Professor José Alfredo Pinheiro Dutra, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (DZRJ).Holzenthal andFlint, 1995 andC. tripui Holzenthal andRobertson, 2006, sharing the general structure of posterolateral lobes and the dorsomesal processes (reduced or short in C. meloi) of male segment IX.However, C. vascaina sp.n. is more similar to C. sana by the structure of segment IX, which has a prominent, slender and rod-like posterolateral lobe (large and rounded in the others species).It also differs in that the segment IX posterolateral lobe of C. vascaina sp.n. is shorter (half length of the height of segment IX) and has a long, spine-like seta at apex, while in C. sana it is longer (subequal in length to the height of segment IX) and has small setae at apex (Fig. 1, in Jardim and Nessimian 2011).Additionally, the new species has a large sclerotized plate on the endothecal phallic membrane, hood-like in dorsal and ventral view, different from sclerites of other species which posses this structure -C.fluminensis with many complex sclerites, C. tripui with complex hood-like sclerites, and C. tijuca with small paired triangular plates.Description.Male: General color brown (in alcohol).Forewing length: 3.52-5.12mm (n = 4; holotype male = 4.48 mm).Tibial spur formula 2,2,4.Wings light brown, venation typical for the genus; forewing with forks I, II, III and V present, discoidal and thyridial cells short, subequal; hind wing with forks II and V present, R2, R3 and R4 fused till apex of the wing, discoidal cell not present.
Distribution: Brazil (RJ).Etymology: The specific epithet is in honour of the traditional Club de Regatas Vasco da Gama, founded August 21, 1898.It is a century-old Brazilian sports club, especially soccer, located in Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil, of which the author is a huge supporter.Vasco da Gama is one of the most popular and successful clubs in Brazil, with more than 20 million supporters; its legions of fans are known as "vascaínos".