Urotrema macrotestis and Urotrema scabridum ( Digenea : Urotrematidae ) parasitizing bats ( Mammalia : Chiroptera ) in Brazil

Molecular Helminthology laboratory, Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas gerais/UFMg, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, Mg, Brazil Urban Bats laboratory, Zoonosis Control Center, Municipality Secretary of Health of Belo Horizonte, Rua edna Quintel, 173, 31741-313 Belo Horizonte, Mg, Brazil São Paulo State University/UNeSP, Institute of Bioscience, Rua Professor Doutor Antônio Celso Wagner Zanin, s/n, 18618-689 Botucatu, SP, Brazil

Urotrema spp.are parasites of bats, rodents, lizards, and fishes (Sutton and lunaschi 1990, goldberg et al. 1998, Bray et al. 1999, Santos and gibson 2015).Their life cycle and details of their ecology are not known.However, considering the diet of the definitive hosts, it is believed that insects may act as second intermediate hosts (Font and lotz 2008).In South America, only Urotrema scabridum Braun 1900 is reported in insectivorous bats (Santos and gibson 2015).
The aim of the present study is to describe a new occurrence and a new host for U. scabridum and Urotrema macrotestis Mané-garzón and Telias

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
A co-infection of 50 specimens of U. macrotestis and U. scabridum was found in the small intestine of an E. glaucinus.It was not possible to count exactly each species because some specimens were damaged and could not be differentiated.The species were differentiated by the body width (wide in U. macrotestis and slim in U. scabridum), the position of the acetabulum (next to the ovary in U. macrotestis and distant from the ovary in U. scabridum), the size of the acetabulum (larger than oral sucker in U. macrotestis and similar size to oral sucker in U. scabridum), the size of testis (similar to size of the ovary in U. scabridum and larger in U. macrotestis), the caecal termination (exceeding the posterior testis in U. macrotestis and not exceeding the posterior testis in U. scabridum) and the distribution of vitellarium (extracaecal and caecal with some follicles intercaecal in U. macrotestis and extracaecal and caecal with several follicles intercaecal in U. scabridum).1965, Travassos et al. 1969, Sutton and lunaschi 1990, guzmán-Cornejo et al. 2003, lunaschi and Notarnicola 2010, Pesenti et al. 2015).In Brazil, this species has already been found in bats in the Rio grande do Sul state (Pesenti et al. 2015)

ReMARKS
Several species of urotrematids have been described and many synonymized, generating a certain confusion of information about the currently valid species.Summaries of the synonyms of some species of Urotrema can be found in Caballero (1942), Mané-garzón and Telias (1965), and Zamparo et al. (2005).Urotrema scabridum is the species with the highest number of synonymies among urotrematids.Although the species is found in lizards and rodents, U. scabridum is more often associated with bats (Braun 1900, Price 1931, Caballero 1942, Caballero et al. 1957, Manégarzón and Telias 1965, Sutton and lunaschi, 1990, goldberg et al. 1998, Bray et al. 1999, guzmán-Cornejo et al. 2003, Zamparo et al. 2005).
Due to the low frequency of finding of the species in rodents, the parasitism with U. scabridum in these hosts is considered accidental (Price 1931, Sutton andlunaschi 1990).The size of the testis described by Braun (1990) are similar to the size described for U. macrotestis.This author performed the description of U. scabridum from specimens deposited in a collection at different preservation status and discussed his doubts about the extent of the identifications and suggested the presence of different species in the deposited specimens.It is suggested that molecular biology studies must be carried out.
ÉRICA M. DE MELLO, ÉLIDA M.L. RABELO and REINALDO J. DA SILVA Urotrema macrotestis AND Urotrema scabridum IN BATS An Acad Bras Cienc (2019) 91(1) e20180648 3 | 8 DE MELLO, ÉLIDA M.L. RABELO and REINALDO J. DA SILVA Urotrema macrotestis AND Urotrema scabridum IN BATS An Acad Bras Cienc (2019) 91B, distance between acetabulum and anterior border body; Dist A-O, distance between posterior border acetabulum and anterior border ovary; Dist O-T, distance between anterior border ovary and posterior border anterior testis; Dist T-B, distance between posterior border posterior testis and posterior border body.* According to Braun 1900, suckers have a similar size of 0.229 mm.** 7 specimens were deposited, but the exact number of species analyzed was not reported.
ÉRICA M. DE MELLO, ÉLIDA M.L. RABELO and REINALDO J. DA SILVA Urotrema macrotestis AND Urotrema scabridum IN BATS An Acad Bras Cienc (2019) 91(1) e20180648 2 | 8 they were stained with chloride carmine, cleared with creosote, and analyzed in a computerized system for image analysis (Qwin lite 3.1, leica Microsystems).All the measurements were presented in micrometers (µm) and expressed as means, followed by the range, unless otherwise stated.Drawings were made on CorelDRAW X8 software using the photos as a background for a more accurate drawing.The helminths were deposited in the Helminthological Collection of the Institute of Biosciences, estadual University Júlio de Mesquita Filho (UNeSP), municipality of Botucatu, São Paulo state, Brazil, under the numbers 7935 and 7936.

TABLE I Morphometrical data of Urotrema macrotestis. Reference Present work Mañé-Garzón & Telias, 1965
However, the authors did not present justifications for this proposition and morphologically these species are very different.Mané-Garzón and Telias  (1965)believed that the finding of the species infecting the rodent H. brasiliensis is a case of accidental parasitism case since the authors found only one specimen parasitized with U. macrotestis among several rodents necropsied, as well as the fact that urotrematids are more frequently found in bats.
Dist A-B, distance between acetabulum and anterior border body; Dist A-O, distance between posterior border acetabulum and anterior border ovary; Dist O-T, distance between anterior border ovary and posterior border anterior testis; Dist T-B, distance between posterior border posterior testis and posterior border body.*22 specimens were deposited, but the exact number of species analyzed was not reported.ÉRICA M. DE MELLO, ÉLIDA M.L. RABELO and REINALDO J. DA SILVA Urotrema macrotestis AND Urotrema scabridum IN BATS An Acad Bras Cienc (2019) 91(1) e20180648 4 | 8 ReMARKS Because Urotrema spp.are found in several groups of insectivorous vertebrates, finding them in endoparasitic surveys is not uncommon.Although U. macrotestis is currently considered valid, Bray et al. (1999) classified the species as belonging to a complex of species associated with U. scabridum.Figure 2 -Urotrema scabridum Braun 1900 found in Eumops glaucinus (Wagner, 1843).ÉRICA M. DE MELLO, ÉLIDA M.L. RABELO and REINALDO J. DA SILVA Urotrema macrotestis AND Urotrema scabridum IN BATS An Acad Bras Cienc (2019) 91(1) e20180648 5 | 8

TABLE II (continuation)
ÉRICA M. DE MELLO, ÉLIDA M.L. RABELO and REINALDO J. DA SILVA Urotrema macrotestis AND Urotrema scabridum IN BATS (goldberg et al. 1998(goldberg et al. , Bursey et al. 2003))a zibethicus (linnaeus 1766) in the United States(Price 1931, Sutton andlunaschi 1990).In lizards, this species has already been reported in Anolis spp.(goldberg et al. 1998(goldberg et al. , Bursey et al. 2003)).The present study expands the occurrence of the species for the Minas gerais state and E. glaucinus is here reported as a new host to U. scabridum.
and in the municipality of Recife, Pernambuco state (guzmán-Cornejo et al. 2003).In rodents, U. scabridum has been reported in H. brasiliensis in Argentina,