Notes on Junghuhnia ( Agaricomycetes ) in Brazil

Junghuhnia is a cosmopolitan genus of Agaricomycetes (Basidiomycota), mostly characterized by having a dimitic hyphal system and encrusted cystidia. Th e genus comprises 37 legitimate species, eight of which have been reported in Brazil. Th is study provides updated information about the diversity and distribution of Junghuhnia in Brazil by reporting J. semisupiniformis for the fi rst time from South America, J. globospora from Brazil, J. carneola from northeastern Brazil and the state of Pará, J. nitida from the state of Pernambuco, and J. subundata from the state of Amazonas. Descriptions of J. semisupiniformis and J. globosbora, as well a key to the accepted species of Junghuhnia from Brazil, are provided.


Introduction
Brazil has a large territory mostly located in the intertropical zone and has a hot climate throughout the year.Th is allows a great diversity of ecosystems ranging from semi-desert to evergreen tropical rain forests.Brazil may be the richest country on earth in biological diversity (Mittermeier et al. 2005), including wood-inhabiting fungi.Currently, 5712 fungi are reported to Brazil and much of this fungal diversity is still being listed and constantly updated (http://www.floradobrasil.jbrj.gov.br/).
Recently, several studies including new species and new records of polypores in Brazil have been published (Baltazar et al. 2014;Baldoni et al. 2015;Campos-Santana et al. 2014;2015;Motato-Vásquez et al. 2014;2015a;b;Soares et al. 2014b;Westphalen et al. 2014;Pires et al. 2015), but few included species of Junghuhnia (Westphalen et al. 2010;2012).In the current study, we present descriptions of J. semisupiniformis and J. globospora and a key to the accepted species of Junghuhnia reported in Brazil.In addition, an update of distribution of some species is provided.Specimens were analyzed macro-(shape, colour, hymenial surface) and micromorphologically (hyphal system, presence/absence and measurements of sterile structures and basidiospores).Slides were prepared with 5% KOH (stained with 1% aqueous phloxine) or Melzer's reagent in order to check for amyloid or dextrinoid reaction (Wu et al. 2004).Technical nomenclature followed Fidalgo & Fidalgo (1967) and colour designation followed Watling (1969).For identification, the works of Ryvarden (1991;2014), Ryvarden & Gilbertson (1993) and Ryvarden & Melo (2014) were utilized.Specimens were incorporated to Herbaria O and URM.

Overall diversity
After field trips, research in the databases and literature, 12 species of Junghuhnia, distributed in 12 Brazilian states are recognized (Tab.1).In this study, we report J. semisupiniformis for the first time from South America (in remnants of Atlantic Forest in the State of Pernambuco); J. globospora from Brazil; J. carneola for the first time from Northeast Brazil (in a montane forest in the State of Paraíba and remnants of Atlantic Forest in Pernambuco) and from the State of Pará (in Amazonic Forest); J. nitida from the State of Pernambuco (in remnant of Atlantic Forest) and J. subundata from the State of Amazonas (in Amazonic Forest).
Distribution: This species is widely distributed in the Caribbean area and it is cited from Mexico, Italy, France and Germany (Bernicchia 2005).This is the first report from South America.Remarks: Junghuhnia semisupiniformis is characterized by a pileate basidiomata and the abundant cystidia in the trama.The specimens analyzed had thin-to slightly thickwalled walled cystidia, while Ryvarden & Gilbertson (1993) described the cystidia as thick-walled.Of the pileate species reported in Brazil, J. minuta has the smallest basidiospores among the American pileate species of the genus (2.5-3 × 2-2.5 μm), while J. undigera, with similar pore size (5-7 p/ mm) and basidiospores shape (broadly ellipsoid to obovoid), has slightly larger basidiospores (4-5 × 3.5-4 μm) and few cystidia in the trama.
Distribution: This species was known only from the type locality in Venezuela (Ryvarden & Iturriaga 2010).The current report is the first from Brazil.
Remarks: Junghuhnia subundata is mainly characterized by the tiny pores (7-9 per mm) and minute, subglobose to broadly ellipsoid basidiospores (2.5-3 × 2.5-4 μm).The size of the basidiospores separates it from the other resupinate species described in the genus.The occurrence of cystidia is apparently variable: sometimes, they are easily observed, while in other specimens they are difficult to find (Ryvarden 2014).