A new species of Tanycarpa Förster ( 1862 ) ( Hymenoptera , Braconidae : Alysiinae ) from Itatiaia National Park , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil

This is the first description of a species of the genus Tanycarpa Förster (1862) for Brazil. Forty-eight specimens were collected in High Montane Dense Ombrophilous Forest area at National Park of Itatiaia, RJ, using four Malaise traps installed, respectively, at four different altitudes. This study is based on a description of two species of Tanycarpa from Colombia, Tanycarpa edithae and Tanycarpa sarmientoi, which are the only species of this genus recognized for the neotropics.


Introduction
The Braconidae are the second largest family of Hymenoptera, within the superfamily Ichneumonoidea, with approximately 19,439 described species included in 46 recognized subfamilies (Yu et al., 2012); among these subfamilies, the Alysiinae are an easily distinguishable group by having exodont mandibles (Dix-Luna, 2009).
Alysiinae are a cosmopolitan subfamily, with more than 2,300 worldwide described species grouped in 104 genera (Yu et al., 2012), of which 41 were recorded in the New World (Wharton, 1994).The group is divided into two tribes, Dacnusini and Alysiini, which are separated by the absence (Dacnusini) or presence (Alysiini) of r-m vein in the forewing (Wharton, 1980); both have approximately the same number of species, however Alysiini contains 31 of the 41 genera occurring in the New World (Wharton, 1994).
All Alysiinae are endoparasitoids cenobionts of ciclorraphous dipterous larvae (Griffiths, 1964;Wharton, 1997) and have as hosts specially species of Phoridae, Drosophilidae and Tephritidae (Ovruski et al., 2000), Agromyzidae, Calliphoridae, Chloropidae, Muscidae and Ephydridae (Dix-Luna, 2009).The ciclorraphous flies can cause damage to certain crops; therefore the Alysiinae have been increasingly used in the biological control of pests in crops (Hendrikse et al., 1980), thus it is necessary to contribute to the knowledge of taxonomy and biology of this subfamily.
According to Dix-Luna (2009), the Alysiinae are still poorly studied in the Neotropical region.In Brazil, Arouca and Penteado-Dias (2004) and Arouca et al. (2004) reported the occurrence of several genera that already had been described occurring in other New World places as well as undescribed species (Arouca, 2005).
Tanycarpa Förster (1862) belongs to Alysiini tribe; it is a cosmopolitan group, where the major number of species (11 species) is found in East Palaearctic (Yu et al., 2012).It has 20 recognized species worldwide, of which four are distributed in Nearctic and only two occur in the Neotropics (Yu et al., 2012).Their hosts are ciclorraphous Diptera of the genus Drosophila, Mycetophila, Liriomyza and Scaptomyza (Yu et al., 2012).Dix (2010) described the only two recognized species in the Neotropical Region, both from Colombia: Tanycarpa sarmientoi, collected between 2,100 and 2,905 meters of altitude, and Tanycarpa edithae, collected between 650 and 2,220 meters of altitude.Wharton (1980Wharton ( , 1997) ) cited the occurrence of this genus in Brazil, but did not elaborate any description related to this record; therefore, this paper presents the first description of a new species of Tanycarpa from Brazil and aims to contribute to the knowledge of the Brazilian fauna of Alysiinae.

Material and Methods
The material was collected at Itatiaia National Park (S 22° 30' and 22° 33'; W 42° 15' and 42° 19'), a protected area of natural ecosystems situated within the Massif of Itatiaia, Serra da Mantiqueira; it is located between the States of Rio de Janeiro and Minas Gerais, comprising the following cities: Resende and Itatiaia, in Rio de Janeiro State, and Itamonte and Bocaina de Minas, in Minas Gerais State.
In areas with altitude from 1,100 to 2,200 meters to North, the predominant type of vegetation is the Dense Ombrophilous High-Montane Forest (Santos, 1998), a variation of formation of the Atlantic Forest.The climate in the high mountain areas above 1,600 meters, according to Köppen standards is Cwb (mesothermal, with mild summer and rainy season in summer); the cold and dry period corresponds to months between May and August, with very common intense frosts and high rate of insolation and evaporation.Annual rainfall is about 2,400 mm, and January has the greater intensity; the absolute maximum humidity occurs in December, with 83%, and the minimum is in June, with 62% (Santos, 1998).
All the material were preserved in absolute alcohol (100%); subsequently, the specimens were dried and mounted on entomological pins to be identified on genus level, based on Wharton (1997).The studied material is deposited in the Collection of the Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology at the Federal University of São Carlos (DCBU), SP, Brazil.
The description of this new species followed Dix (2010); the nomenclature of sculpture followed Harris (1979); the nomenclature of the veins and of the body morphology followed Sharkey and Wharton (1997); the measures of the specimens followed Goulet and Mason (2006).
The images were obtained in a scanning electron microscope FEI Quanta 250 in low vacuum with uncoated material, and with a digital camera Leica DFC295 attached to a stereomicroscope Leica M205_C using auto-montage software Leica Application Suite.

Results
Were found 48 specimens of genus Tanycarpa.The number of males and females found at each altitude are listed below: . 987 meters -zero specimens  1e); labrum, labial and maxilar palp pale; antenna with scape and pedicel yellow and flagellomeres brown; mesoscutum dark brown; wings hyaline; tergum I yellowish; remaining terga light brown; ovipositor sheaths brown; foreleg and midleg from coxae to 3 rd tarsomeres yellow, 4 th and 5 th tarsomeres yellowish brown; hindleg yellow from coxa to approximately 2/3 of tibia, the remaining 1/3 of tibia to the 5 th tarsomere yellowish brown.
HEAD.Clypeus smooth, densely setose, the lateral margin in contact with the tentorial pit which occupies about 1/3 of the distance between the lateral margin of the clypeus and the eye (Figure 2a).Face 1.41 times wider than longer, smooth, polished, densely setose in the mid area and more disperse near the eyes (Figure 2a).Antennae with 25 segments.Front smooth, polished and without setae (Figure 2b).Vertex smooth, polished and with disperse setae (Figure 2b).Eyes glabrous (Figure 2c).Malar space absent (Figure 2c).Mandible 1.87 times longer than its apical width, smooth, moderately setose with three teeth.
MESOSOMA.1.26 times longer than height.Pronotum rugose and polished and with presence of pronope (Figure 2d).Mesoscutum smooth, polished, with disperse setae close to notauli; mid pit small and subcircular; notauli strongly crenulate, restrict to anterior slope of mesoscutum (Figure 2d).Scutellar sulcus 2.3 times longer than wider, with median carina present and laterally smooth (Figure 2e).Scutellum smooth, polished and with disperse setae (Figure 2e).Metanotum in dorsal view laterally crenulated with mid carina well developed (Figure 2e).Propodeum polished and weakly rugose.Mesopleuron smooth and polished, with disperse setae on the ventral region; sternaulus strongly crenulated (Figure 2f).Metapleuron smooth and polished with disperse setae and a deep groove on the inferior margin (Figure 2f).Posterior femur 5.14 times longer than wider.
METASOMA.Tergum I polished and striated longitudinally; remaining tergum smooth and polished, with disperse setae and just along the division of terga (Figure 3a); ovipositor sheaths densely setose; ovipositor 0.8 times the length of mesosoma.
VARIATION.Body length: 2.06 to 2.83 mm; forewing length: 2.3 to 2.98 mm; face 1.39 to 1.47 times wider than longer; antenna 23 to 27 flagellomeres, the number of flagellomeres may vary between the antenna in the same individual; mandible 1,78 to 2.08 times longer than its apical width; mesosoma 1.24 to 1.4 times longer than higher; mid pit small and subcircular (Figure 3b), small and circular (Figure 3c) or elongated (Figure 3d); scutellar groove 2.25 to 2.5 times longer than its width; hind femur 4.9 to 5.3 times longer than wider; forewing: stigma 9.2 to 10 times longer than wider, length of the r vein smaller or not exceeding the stigma width; 3RSa vein 1.05 to 1.2 times longer than 2RS vein; 3RSb 3.14 to 3.47 times longer than 3Rsa; ovipositor 0.8 to 1.05 times longer than mesosoma.
MALE. (Figures 1f and 1g).Similar to the female, except for: body length 1.82 to 2.02 mm; forewing length 2.02 to 2.16 mm; face 1.26 to 1.4 times wider than long; antenna with 24 segments; mandible 1.9 to 2.3 times longer than its apical width; mesosoma 1.33 to 1.44 times longer than high; scutellar sulcus 2 to 2.14 times longer than wide; hind femur from 4.67 to 5.1 times longer than wide; 3RSa vein 1 to 1.3 times longer than 2RS; 3RSb vein 2.55 to 2.95 times longer than 3RSa; body length 1.82 to 2.02 mm; forewing length 2.02 to 2.16 mm; color light brown; face, front, vertex, temple and occiput brown; gena light brown; clypeus and mandible yellow; antenna with scape and pedicel yellow to light yellow; mesoscutum brown to light brown; petiole yellowish and remaining terga light brown or metasoma entirely yellow; forelegs and middle legs light yellow from coxa to 3 rd tarsomere, 4 th and 5 th tarsomeres dark yellow; hind legs light yellow from coxa to approximately 2/3 of the tibia, the remaining 1/3 of tibia to the 5 th tarsomere dark yellow.
DIAGNOSIS.Similar to T. edithae (Dix, 2010) by the absence of malar space, the length/width proportion of the posterior femur, the broad stigma, the vein r that is small than or equal to the width of stigma and the yellowish color of the tergum I. Similar to T. sarmientoi (Dix, 2010) by the proportion width/length of the face, the densely setose median area and laterally with dispersed setae, the hind wing m-cu vein is weakly impressed and the proportion of the ovipositor/mesosoma length.It differs from both species by having disperse setae on scutellum and the dark yellow color of clypeus (in T. edithae and T. sarmientoi the scutellum is densely setose and the clypeus is brown).