UENF 2014: a new common bean cultivar

UENF 2014 is a new common bean cultivar from the black commercial group, developed by UENF. The cultivar is adapted to the Northern and Northwestern regions of the Rio de Janeiro state and presents a good performance, mainly for high grain yield, high stability and wide adaptation to these regions.


INTRODUCTION
Brazil stands out worldwide as one of the leading producers and consumers of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.).According to estimates of the National Food Supply Agency (CONAB 2016), Brazil produced 3.12 million tons of bean in 2014/2015, in a total cultivated area of 3.04 million hectares, reaching grain yield of 1025 kg ha -1 .
Common bean is grown in almost all Brazilian states, under different production systems, where the productive performance is influenced by environmental conditions (Pereira et al. 2009).Thus, genotype-environment interaction may be a problem for breeding programs, hindering the selection and the development process of cultivars for a variety of environments.Genotype-environment interaction can be defined as the change in the relative performance of the genotypes, depending on differences in the environments (Borém and Miranda 2009), and it can be simple or complex.In the first case, the difference between genotypes does not change the classification of genotypes between environments.In the second case, the genotypes do not correlate with in the different environments (Cruz and Carneiro 2003).This lack of correlation indicates that the performance of a superior genotype in a given environment is not the same as in another environment (Falconer 1987).
The most appropriate procedure to circumvent the influence of genotypeenvironment interaction has been the use of cultivars with high performance and stability in different environments (Oliveira et al. 2006, Pereira et al. 2009).
The study of genotype-environment interaction is of primary importance for plant breeding.However, the knowledge of this interaction, solely, does not provide detailed information on the behavior of genotypes as a response to environmental variations (Cruz and Carneiro 2003).Thus, estimates of phenotypic adaptability and stability are useful in genotypes characterization in responses related to differences between the environments.The purpose of this paper was to describe the main traits of UENF 2014, the new common bean cultivar of the black commercial group, developed by UENF, which is adapted to the Northern and Northwestern regions of the Rio de Janeiro state.

PEDIGREE AND BREEDING METHODOLOGY
The common bean cultivar UENF 2014 was developed by the common bean breeding program of Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro -UENF.This breeding program started with two groups (Group 1 and Group 2) of segregating populations formed by different bi-parental crossings.The generation was advanced in two cycles per year, in the fall and winter seasons, in Campos dos Goytacazes (lat 21º 45' S, long 41° 20' W, alt 11 m asl), northern state of Rio de Janeiro.The procedure was carried out by the single seed descent method -SSD, up to the F 6 generation, when plants were selected.Each F 6 plant obtained from an F 2 plant was considered as a Recombinant Inbred Line (RIL).RIL number 14 was selected and registered in the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock, and Supply -MAPA under the name UENF 2014.The cultivar UENF 2014 was originated from crossings between BR1-Xodó × Rico Pardo 896 (Group 2), performed in 1999 (Figure 1).In 2008, four yield trials were performed with the 30 selected lines in Campos dos Goytacazes and Itaocara, in two seasons, from April to August and from September to December.In 2010 and 2011, adaptability and stability test was performed with 29 common bean lines.The cultivars Xamego, BR1-Xodó, and BR3-Ipanema were used as controls.Six yield trials were carried out in three locations, two in Campos dos Goytacazes, and one in Itaocara, in one season, from April to August, in 2010 and 2011 (Table 1).These yield trials were performed according to the rules of the 'VCU' (Value of Cultivation and Use) of the Brazilian Government.
The selected RILs and four cultivars were evaluated in yield trials competition from 2002 to 2006, in Campos dos Goytacazes, in the northern state of Rio de Janeiro, and in Itaocara (lat 21º 40' S, long 42° 04' W, alt 76 m asl), in the northwestern state of Rio de Janeiro.In 2006, the experiment was carried out in Bom Jesus do Itabapoana (lat 21º 08' S, long 41º 40' W, alt 88 m asl), in the northwest state of Rio de Janeiro.The 30 best lines were selected based mainly on grain yield.

Table 1 .
Relative grain yield in kg ha -1 of the common bean cultivar UENF 2014 and of the control cultivars, in three environments and two years

Table 2 .
Technological/nutritional qualities of the common bean cultivar UENF 2014 and the respective control cultivars