Ferns of Viçosa , Minas Gerais State , Brazil : Polypodiaceae ( Polypodiales , Filicopsida , Tracheophyta )

(Ferns of Viçosa, Minas Gerais State, Brazil: Polypodiaceae (Polypodiales, Filicopsida, Tracheophyta). As part of an ongoing project treating the ferns and lycophytes from the region of Viçosa, MG, Brazil, we here present the taxonomic treatment of Polypodiaceae. We performed field expeditions in remaining forest patches and disturbed sites from 2012 to 2016. We also revised the Polypodiaceae collection of VIC herbarium. In the region of Viçosa, 19 species of Polypodiaceae occur: Campyloneurum centrobrasilianum, C. decurrens, C. lapathifolium, C. phyllitidis, Cochlidium punctatum, Microgramma crispata, M. percussa, M. squamulosa, M. vacciniifolia, Niphidium crassifolium, Pecluma filicula, P. plumula, P. truncorum, Phlebodium areolatum, P. decumanum, Pleopeltis astrolepis, P. minima, Serpocaulon fraxinifolium, and S. menisciifolium. Among them, six are endemic to the Atlantic Forest. During our search in VIC, we found an isotype of Campyloneurum centrobrasilianum. We present keys, descriptions, illustrations, examined materials, and comments of all taxa.

Although the State of Minas Gerais is currently known as the richest State of ferns and lycophytes in Brazil, harboring 657 species (Prado et al. 2015), it still lacks taxonomic works of Flora.The only ones treating Polypodiaceae are those of Christ (1900), Rolim &Salino (2008), andArantes et al. (2010).We here aimed to identify and describe all species of Polypodiaceae from the region of Viçosa (Minas Gerais State, Brazil).This paper is part of an ongoing project dealing with the Flora of ferns and lycophytes from this region, organized by P.B. Schwartsburd.The other works dealing with ferns from there are the following: Copeland (1932), who described some new species of Cyatheaceae and Thelypteridaceae based on the collections of Y.E.J. Mexia; Schwartsburd et al. (2015), who resurrected a Copeland's name (Cyathea mexiae Copel.);Rabelo & Schwartsburd (2016), who treated Schizaeales, describing several new hybrids; and Miranda & Schwartsburd (2016), who treated Salviniales.

Material and methods
We performed field expeditions in the Municipality of Viçosa (Minas Gerais State, Brazil), in remaining forest patches (Estação de Pesquisa, Treinamento e Educação Ambiental Mata do Paraíso, Mata do Seu Nico, Recanto das Cigarras, and Horto Botânico), and disturbed sites, from 2012 to 2016.The exsiccates are incorporated in herbarium VIC, and some duplicates will be send to other herbaria (NY, RB, SP, etc.).The VIC collection of Polypodiaceae was also revised.
In the region of Viçosa, the remaining forest patches are classified as Semi-deciduous Seasonal Forest (IBGE 2012), and the local elevation ranges from ca. 600 to 900 m a.s.l.The Classification System adopted combines Kenrick & Crane (1997: table 7.1.)for the higher ranks, and Smith et al. (2008) for Order and lower ranks -the phytogeographic data and the adopted system will be further discussed in Schwartsburd et al. (unpubl. data).Family and generic descriptions are kept to a minimum, since they are widely available elsewhere; species description are detailed.Type information is presented only for the types present in VIC.Morphological terms follow Sota (1960) and Lellinger (2002).Reinaldo Pinto prepared the illustrations.Serpocaulon: S. fraxinifolium (Jacq.)A.R. Sm. and S. menisciifolium (Langsd.& Fisch.)A.R. Sm.

Results and Discussion
Among the 19 species, six are endemic to the Atlantic Forest, one is endemic to the Cerrado (Brazilian Savannah) and northern parts of the Atlantic Forest (Campyloneurum centrobrasilianum), three are widespread in South America, and nine are widespread in the Neotropics.

Campyloneurum centrobrasilianum
Distribution: Uncertain, probably endemic to the Brazilian Atlantic Forest (MG, ES, RJ, SP, PR, SC, RS) (Prado et al. 2015), plus Paraguay and northern Argentina; cited also for Peru and Bolivia by Lellinger (1988), but not confirmed by Leon (1993).Campyloneurum is a genus in need of a taxonomic revision.There are many species-complexes in the genus, and the morphological characters to differ species are not yet well understood.The works of Lellinger (1988), Leon (1993), andVasques &Prado (2011) are very informative and helpful to identify the Brazilian species, but far from being sufficient.
In addition, Campyloneurum lapathifolium differs from C. phyllitidis by long-creeping stems (vs.shortcreeping), iridescent stem scales (vs.not iridescent), 2-5 cm long petioles (vs.petioles absent), laminae 1.5-2.5 cm in width (vs.2.5-6 cm), 2-4 series of sori between costae and lamina margins (vs.4-6 series), and the sori along the whole lamina length (vs.restricted to the upper half of lamina) (figures 1c, d vs. 1g, h).We are here making the first record of Microgramma crispata for the State of Minas Gerais (see Prado et al. 2015).Microgramma crispata is not very different from M. vacciniifolia, and they are probably conspecific.We consider them provisionally distinct, based specially on frond length; the stem scales did not show to be informative, as proposed by Tryon & Tryon (1982: 717).A taxonomic revision of Microgramma is needed, in order to elucidate the identity of these "two species".In the present conception, Microgramma crispata differs from M. vacciniifolia essentially by the characteristics presented in the key (see also figures 2d-f vs. 2i-k).
costules and laminar margins and is a fertile allotetraploid originated by crosses of P. areolatum and P. decumanum.Although P. aureum is quite common in Brazil, it does not occur in Viçosa.