A new synonym and description of two new species of Portanus ( Hemiptera , Cicadellidae , Xestocephalinae ) from Brazil and Bolivia

One leafhopper species of the genus Portanus Ball, 1932 is synonymized: P. spinosus is considered junior synonym of P. hasemani. In this paper, we off er the redescription of P. hasemani as well as description of two new species of Portanus, based on specimens from the type series of Scaphoideus punctulatus Osborn, 1923 (= P. hasemani): P. bifurcus sp. nov. and P. delsara sp. nov. The descriptions are based on features from the external morphology and male genital structures. Comparisons of the two new taxa with the remaining Portanus species are provided.

The fi rst author of this paper in your doctoral thesis reviewed Portanus.He studied the type series of the Scaphoideus punctulatus Osborn, 1923(= S. hasemani Baker, 1923) and compared the male holotype with the paratypes and concluded that three of the fi ve paratypes diff ered both in the holotype staining pattern as male genitalia.This way, two new species should be included in Portanus.At the time, he also studied the holotype of Portanus spinosus DeLong, 1982 and considered this species as junior synonym of P. hasemani (Baker, 1923).
In this paper, P. spinosus is considered as junior synonym of P. hasemani and two new species of Portanus are described and illustrated from specimens collected in Brazil and Bolivia.Notes comparing the two new taxa with the remaining Portanus species are provided.

MATERIAL AND METHODS
For the analysis of genital structures, the abdomen was removed and placed in heated KOH 10%, following Oman (1949).Softened genitalia were washed for 5 to 10 minutes in hot water and placed on a concave slide with glycerin to maintain the desired position for the illustrations.Dissected structures were kept in microvials with glycerin and pinned together with the specimen.Illustrations were made using camera lucida attached to a stereoscopic microscope.
Coloration.Head and thorax brown; crown and venter brownish-yellow.Pronotum (Fig. 1) dark brown with several ivory speckles.Scutellum yellowish with basal angles brown (Fig. 1).Forewings translucent brown; veins marked with dark brown with small white spots; two creamy white regions beside the costal cell; apex completely dark brown.
Male genitalia.Pygofer lobe (Fig. 2), in lateral view, as long as high; posterior margin rounded; dorsocaudal margin with tooth turned inwardly; macrosetae distributed at dorsal half of lobe.Subgenital plates, in lateral view, extending posteriorly farther than pygofer apex; in ventral view (Fig. 3), with apical third slightly upturned; basal third with transverse unpigmented line; ventral surface of each subgenital plate with uniseriate robust macrosetae and many long and fine microsetae at apical half.Connective (Fig. 4), in dorsal view, Y-shaped; basiventral process short.Styles (Fig. 4), in dorsal view, with apical fourth wide and appearing bifid because of an elongate and robust preapical lobe; preapical region and apex of preapical lobe more sclerotized and sculptured; apex acute.Aedeagus (Fig. 5), in lateral view, curved and elongate with apex bearing three spiniform processes directed ventrally (Fig. 6 Remarks.Uhler (1895) described Scaphoideus stigmosus from Santa Rosa del Sara, Bolivia (treated as a junior synonym of P. hasemani), not far from the type locality of P. spinosus DeLong, 1982, in Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia.We examined the specimens coupled with the descriptions and concluded that there are no characters which could delimit P. hasemani and P. spinosus.Moreover, the studied material does not exhibit any marked variation throughout the collection range, thereby enabling us to confidently treat P. spinosus as a junior synonym of P. hasemani.
Coloration.Head and thorax brown; venter brownishyellow.Crown and pronotum dark-yellow.Pronotum (Fig. 7) with several ivory speckles.Scutellum (Fig. 7) mostly ivory with paired, large dark lateral triangular areas at anterior half.Forewings translucent brown; veins marked with dark brown with small white spots; four hyaline regions on costal margin at apical half; apex completely dark brown.
Description.Crown (Fig. 7), in dorsal view, produced anteriorly with transocular width longer than crown median length; anterior margin slightly angulate; frontogenal sutures not reaching ocelli.Pronotum as wide as transocular width; lateral margins angulate; dorsopleural carina inconspicuous; posterior margin straight; texture smooth with transverse striae (Fig. 7).Scutellum shagreen.Forewings with three closed anteapical cells, median anteapical cell slightly longer than adjacent ones; third apical cell with apex broad, fourth Male genitalia.Pygofer lobe (Fig. 8), in lateral view, longer than high, oblong; posterior margin straight; ventrocaudal margin with acute spine-like process; macrosetae on dorsal half of lobe.Subgenital plates (Fig. 8), in lateral view, extending posteriorly farther than pygofer apex; apical third slightly upturned; basal third with transverse unpigmented line; ventral surface of each subgenital plate with uniseriate robust macrosetae and many long and fine microsetae at apical half (Fig. 9).Connective (Fig. 10), in dorsal view, Y-shaped; basiventral process short.Styles (Fig. 10), in dorsal view, with apical fourth wide and forked, with internal branch apical fourth rounded.Aedeagus (Fig. 11), in lateral view, with shaft tubular and long, with a strong bend in basal fourth; dorsal apodemes absent; apex with pair of elongate processes directed ventrally, each with one basilateral branch directed ventrally (Fig. 12).Gonopore apical.
Etymology.The species epithet derives from the Latin word bifurcus, meaning "bifurcated", in allusion to the aedeagal apex with pair of elongate and bifurcated processes directed ventrally.Remarks.Portanus bifurcus sp.nov. is indistinguishable from many other Portanus species based on color pattern, being most similar to P. hasemani (Baker, 1923), P. uhleri Kramer, 1964, P. pictus Carvalho & Cavichioli, 2001, and P. spinosus DeLong, 1982.However, it can be distinguished from these and other species by the characteristics given in the diagnosis, especially the well-developed aedeagal apex with pair of elongate processes, each with one basilateral branch directed ventrally.
Coloration.Head and thorax light brown; venter brownish-yellow.Crown light brown (Fig. 13), with median line, apical triangular outline and two apical small spots, ivory.Pronotum light brown (Fig. 13) with several ivory speckles.Scutellum (Fig. 13) mostly ivory with paired, large dark lateral triangular areas at anterior half.Forewings translucent brown; veins marked with dark brown with small white spots; white regions on costal margin at apical half and apex of claval veins; apex completely dark brown with translucent areas on apical cells.
Description.Crown (Fig. 13), in dorsal view, produced anteriorly with transocular width longer than crown median length; anterior margin lightly angulate; frontogenal sutures not reaching ocelli.Pronotum as wide as transocular width; lateral margins angulate; dorsopleural carina inconspicuous; posterior margin straight; texture smooth with transverse striae.Scutellum smooth.Forewings with three closed anteapical cells, median anteapical cell slightly longer than adjacent ones; third apical cell with apex broad, fourth apical cell subtriangular.Appendix absent.
Type-material.Holotype: male, "Prov.Etymology.The species epithet is a noun in apposition taken from the type locality.
Remarks.Portanus delsara sp.nov. is very similar to P. sagittatus Carvalho & Cavichioli, 2004, both species sharing: (1) similar shape of ivory maculae on crown apex; and (2) ventroapical margins of male pygofer with inner craw-like process, extending dorsocaudally.However, the new species can be distinguished from the latter and other Portanus species by its aedeagus elongate, with apical half curved dorsally with mouth-shaped opening in posterior margin, and apex truncated.