Iheringia On the genus Chrysometa ( Araneae , Tetragnathidae ) in south Brazil

The male of Chrysometa cambara Levi, 1986 is considered as belonging to C. itaimba Levi, 1986. The female of C. aramba Levi, 1986 and the male newly assigned to C. cambara Levi 1986 are described for the fi rst time. Reviewed records for C. aramba, C. cambara, C. itaimba, C. boraceia Levi, 1986 and C. ludibunda (Keyserling, 1893) are presented.

Tetragnathidae Menge, 1866 is a cosmopolitan spider family belonging to the Araneoidea (Álvarez-Padilla et al., 2009).Nowadays species of the family are distributed in 49 genera and 994 species and the highest diversity of the family is found in tropical and subtropical regions (World Spider Catalog, 2017).Tetragnathidae diff ers from other araneoids by the following characters: simple male pedipalp, conductor and embolus coiling together, characteristic spinneret spigot anatomy and particular web building behaviors (Álvarez-Padilla & Hormiga, 2011).
Chrysometa was proposed by Simon (1894) to include the species described as Tetragnatha tenuipes Keyserling, 1864.Specimens of the genus diff er from other tetragnathids by presenting femurs IV lacking trichobothria combined to abdomens with silver or white spots; males presents a cymbial apophysis and a distinctive terminal apophysis; females present a fl at epigyne usually without projections and fertilization ducts often more sclerotized than connecting ducts (Levi, 1986;Nogueira et al., 2011).Apart from smaller size, males of the genus usually have longer legs than females (Levi, 1986).Levi (1986) published the only taxonomic review of the group illustrating 127 of the 139 species of Chrysometa, many of them known only by one of the sexes (World Spider Catalog, 2017).However, the distributional data of Chrysometa is still largely unknown and, since many species of the genera are described based on single specimens, it can be expected that several species are yet to be discovered (Álvarez-Padilla, 2007;Levi, 1986;Nogueira et al., 2011).Based on the examination of a large amount of males and females recently collected together in a ecological survey at Paraná State, in southern Brazil, and the examination of material of the arachnological collection of the Museu de Ciências Naturais da Fundação Zoobotânica do Rio Grande do Sul (MCN), we conclude that the male described by Levi (1986) as belonging C. cambara Levi, 1986 actually belongs to C. itaimba Levi, 1986.Herein we also describe the female of Chrysometa aramba Levi, 1986 and the new male assigned to C. cambara.Geographical distribution data based on new MCN records are presented for the above cited species and also for C. boraceia Levi, 1986 andC. ludibunda (Keyserling, 1893), including recent collection data and reviewed records from Rio Grande do Sul State presented by Buckup et al. (2010).The left male palps were detached for examination; epigynes were also removed from the abdomen and examined immersed in clove oil.Incident light images were taken through a stereomicroscope with attached camera and processed with Helicon Focus multi-range program.Transmitted light images of cleared female epigynes were taken with a compound microscope using a digital camera and also processed with Helicon Focus (Kozub et al., 2012).Drawings were made using printed images as models and compound microscope and stereomicroscope as details confirmation tools.

Chrysometa cambara
Note.Levi (1986:192)  Diagnosis.Females  of the species can be easily recognized by the shape of the epigynum, with the septum bearing two heavily sclerotized lobes (Figs 25-27; see also Levi, 1986:192, 193, figs 620, 621).Males of the species (Figs 15-21) are close to C. calima Levi, 1986 andC. bolivia Levi, 1986 by the general triangular shape of the bulb, bearing a broad, coiled and long embolus (Figs 19-21, see also Levi, 1986:202, 203, figs 708, 709); they can be distinguished from those of both species by the shape of the paracymbial apophysis bearing a long and concave lower portion .
Description.Male (MCN 52197).Carapace yellow.Lateral view with brown mark on the anterior region, starting at the high of the chelicerae.Chelicerae dark brown with two serrated carina on lateral of each chelicerae.Eye region dark; legs yellow with brown marks near to the articulations .Opistossoma oval shaped, gray, anteriorly with median silver spots and lateral dark spots; posteriorly with median dark irregularly spoted transverse pattern and lateral silver spots (Fig. 15).Venter greyish with dark grey borders with a central "X" shaped portion of same color and some 3-4 silver spots.Female.See Levi, 1986:192-193;figs. 618-621. Variation. Total length: males, 5.46-6.55;females, 6.24-7.45.
Remarks.Levi (1986) stated the possibility that male and female originally described for C. cambara does not belong together.The male designed by Levi as paratype was herein identified to belonging to Chrysometa itaimba Levi, 1986, the identification of males of this species is supported by the similarity in male and female sizes and on the coloration pattern between male and female specimens (33)(34)(35) and also by the fact that in many samples males and females were collected together.
Distribution.South and Southeast of Brazil.

DISCUSSION
The presented data allowed increasing the distribution data of Chrysometa aramba, C. boraceia, C. itaimba, C. ludibunda and especially C. itaimba.However the correction of the assigned males of C. cambara, which were considered here to belong to C. itaimba, changes considerably the range of C. cambara presented by Buckup et al. (2010).This species, which was formerly also assigned to Pampa areas of Rio Grande do Sul state, is now known only from the north half of the state, in the Araucarias plateau.On the other hand, the range of C. ludibunda, originally described from Rio de Janeiro state, is increased to Paraná and Santa Catarina states, being recorded in Rio Grande do Sul only at the very northern border of state.