Catalogue of “ poneromorph ” ant type specimens ( Hymenoptera , Formicidae ) deposited in the Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo , Brazil

The present catalogue lists the type specimes of 112 nominal “poneromorph” ant species housed in the Formicidae collection of the Hymenoptera laboratory, Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo (MZSP). The catalogue includes types of Amblyoponinae, Ectatomminae, Heteroponerinae, Ponerinae, and Proceratiinae, that is, all poneromorph (sensu Bolton, 2003) but for the monotypic Paraponerinae, of which the collection bears no type specimens. We present here information on type categories (holotype, paratype, syntype, lectotype, and paralectotype), label data, nomenclatural changes since the original description and type specimens conservation status. At last we present indexes for the taxa names presented.

The purpose of the present catalogue is to provide updated information on poneromorph type specimes of the MZSP collection, following Article 72 F.4 of the International Code for Zoological Nomenclature (1999).
The poneromorph group of ants, as defined by Bolton (2003), is distributed worldwide and consists of circa 1,700 described species in 49 genera of six subfamilies: Amblyoponinae, Ectatomminae, Heteroponerinae, Paraponerinae, Ponerinae and Proceratiinae (Bolton et al., 2006).In spite of Bolton's (2003) consideration of poneromorph as an "unofficial groupname", he distinguished it from other closely related

IntRodUCtIon
The Formicidae collection housed in the Hymenoptera laboratory of the Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo (MZSP) is under construction since the end of the 19 th century and is today one of the largest and more representative ant collections in and for the Neotropical region, as regard to the number of specimens, including types, and localities (Brandão, 2000).The history of the MZSP Formicidae collection was outlined by Klingenberg & Brandão (2005), when they listed the Attini types in the same collection.assemblages of subfamilies within the Formicidae.Recent molecular studies, (Ward, 2007, and included references) however, do not support the monophyly of the group of subfamilies Bolton included in his poneromorphs.Notwithstanding, this phylogenetically artificial group of ants has ecological meaning, as the species included share predaceous non-migratory habits and hence impose similar ecological impacts in other small animals fauna.This is why we decided to treat them as a group, as we believe readers would find useful to have this information together in a single publication.To evidence the artificial character of the subfamilies group we use from now on the notation "poneromorphs".The only "poneromorph" subfamily not represented by type specimens in the MZSP is the monotypic Paraponerinae.

MAtERIAl And MEtHodS
In preparing this catalogue, all specimens bearing type labels were studied by comparing information in the original descriptions; information regarding references not available in the laboratory library was found in Agosti & Johnson (2005).More information was acquired through the handwritten catalogues of Hermann von Ihering, Hermann von Lüederwaldt, Walter W. Kempf, and Thomas Borgmeier, all deposited in the MZSP.The classification used follows Bolton et al. (2006) and includes the changes published by Mackay & Mackay (2006).The nomenclature for types follows Frizzell (1933) and the ICZN (1999) definitions.
To avoid unnecessary duplication, we do not present full taxonomic references, which can be found in Bolton et al. (2006).The combination of type names are cited alphabetically within subfamilies and genera, as accepted nowadays.We use the follow- L2 and L3 represent thus the left legs and L4, L5 and L6 the right legs, or their missing parts.We use A1 for the left antenna and A2 for right antenna, noting also missing segments using the same notation.Finally, we present an index of all the valid names listed in the present catalogue.The complete information regarding all names listed here can be found in Bolton et al. (2006).
To present the information regarding MZSP poneromorph types, we adopted the following order: species name, author, year of publication: page number in which the species name first appeared; type specimen category: number of type specimes with the respective sexes / castes; locality (in the original language, mainly Portuguese), date, collector, and additional information not given in labels, but present in the written catalogues and other sources (presented between brackets).When necessary, we comment on the conservation status of the types, indicating lacking body parts or whether the specimen is disarticulated (in all cases kept in the same pin), and indicate the changes in taxonomic status of the species here listed.

RESUltS
The present catalogue includes types of 112 nominal species, of which 82 (73%) are still valid, while 30 (27%) were considered junior synonyms by previous authors.Of the rich poneromorph type collection housed in the MZSP, 24 are represented by holotypes only, whereas 19 by holotypes and paratypes, 32 only by paratypes, 35 by syntypes, and two by lectotypes.The majority of the types (66%) was described by Father Thomas Borgmeier, Father Walter W. Kempf, Willian M. Brown Jr. and F. Santschi.

ACknowlEdGMEntS
We would like to thank Dr. Ubirajara Martins, who helped us to clear up the terminology applied to some type specimens.Special thanks are due to Eduardo F. dos Santos for discussions and critical comments during the prepation of this article.We would also like to thank Rodrigo Feitosa for critically reading the text.Two anonymous reviewers made helpfull comments to improve this article.This work was supported by the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq).