Trogolaphysa formosensis sp . nov . ( Collembola : Paronellidae ) from Atlantic Forest , Northeast Region of Brazil

Trogolaphysa formosensis sp. nov. (holotype male deposited in DBEZ from Brazil, state of Rio Grande do Norte State, municipality of Bani Formosa), a new springtail from the Atlantic Forest domain, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, is described and illustrated. This species is diagnosed by unique coloration pattern, presence of 8+8 eyes, reduced number of setae on metatrochanteral organ, unguiculi truncated and dorsal chaetotaxy. Trogolaphysa formosensis sp. nov. is the first species of the genus from Brazil with all eye lenses. All other Brazilian species present 0+0 or 2+2 eyes. It is also the first species of Trogolaphysa described from the Northeast Region of Brazil.

Herein we describe a new species of Trogolaphysa from the Atlantic Forest of Rio Grande do Norte State, Northeast Brazil.All other Brazilian species are from the Southeast Region.Furthermore, it is the first Brazilian species analyzed based on detailed description of the dorsal chaetotaxy, the most reliable set of characters used to compare species of Entomobryoidea (SZEPTYCKI 1979, SOTO-ADAMES 2008, SOTO-ADAMES & TAYLOR 2013).

MATERIAL AND METHODS
The specimens were collected during the rainy season.The climate of the area is "As" following Koeppen's system, with two distinct seasons: a dry summer and a wet winter (KOTTEK et al. 2006).Specimens were collected in leaf litter; fixed and preserved in 70% ethanol; cleared with hydrochloric acid and potassium dichromate; and mounted on glass slides in Hoyer's Medium for study under the optical microscope.Measurements were taken from the holotype; the overall morphology was described based on the entire type series.

Figs. 1-20
Description.Habitus entomobryid (Figs. 1 and 2).Color of specimens after fixation in 70% ethanol, white with darkblue pigment covering Ant I-IV; frontal head, eyepatches, lateral borders of Th II-III and Abd I-III, and one third of Abd IV (Fig. 1).Scales present over Ant I-II, base of Ant III, head, trunk, ventral side of ventral tube, legs, manubrium and ventral dentes.
Etymology.The species was named after its type locality, Baía Formosa, Rio Grande do Norte State, Brazil.
Remarks.The new species can be separated from its congeners by the following unique set of characters: color pattern; presence of 8+8 eyes; reduced number of setae on metatrochanteral organ; unguiculi truncated; and configuration of dorsal chaetotaxy.Trogolaphysa formosensis sp.nov.present setae M1 and M2 in head, Pa series shows five setae, Pa1 is present, Pp series bears five setae and there are seven macrochaetae on anterior cephalic region (A0, A2, M2, S3, S5 and two unnamed near An series); on thorax, Th II p4 seta is a macrochaeta and there is one extra microseta on Th III (possibly a misplaced a6); on abdomen, Abd II present another extra microseta (also named a6?); on Abd III the sensillum d2 is posterior to pm6 macrochaeta; and Abd IV present several extra sensillae and B4, E3 and trichobothrium D4 are apparently misplaced.None of these features were seen in other species of the genus (which were analyzed concerning the dorsal chaetotaxy), as shown by the revision of Trogolaphysa by SOTO-ADAMES & TAYLOR (2013).This particular morphology, combined with Th III wider than Th II; and a distinct mucro shape, with a crest-like structure similar to a fifth tooth, suggest that T. formosensis sp.nov.represents an unusual lineage within the genus.However, given that the chaetotaxy of most Brazilian Trogolaphysa have not been described in detail, we do not know if this particular set of characters is unique to this species or to a group of species within Trogolaphysa.
Trogolaphysa formosensis sp.nov. is the only Brazilian species of the genus bearing all eye lenses.All other species present 2+2 or 0+0 eyes.It differs from T. aelleni Yoshii, 1988, T. hauseri Yoshii, 1988 andT. hirtipes Handschin 1924 also in the color pattern (colored in Trogolaphysa formosensis sp.nov., unpigmented or weakly pigmented on thorax in the other three species) and shape of the unguiculi (truncated in the new species against lanceolated).Trogolaphysa millsi Arlé, 1939 has truncated unguiculi, which is also unpigmented, and its mucro is longer and lacks the crest-like structure seen in the new species.Lastly, the most similar species to Trogolaphysa formosensis sp.nov.among the Brazilian taxa, is T. tijucana Arlé & Guimarães, 1979, which is also well pigmented and bears truncated unguiculi.However, the color pattern of T. tijucana is restricted to blue pigment covering the antennal segments, Th II-III, Abd I-II, proximal legs and ventral tube.This contrasts with the situation found in Trogolaphysa formosensis sp.nov.which presents blue pigments also over the head, Abd III and IV; furthermore while the new species has dentes with 2 rows of ciliated spines, T. tijucana present dentes with only 1 row of smooth spines (ARLÉ 1939, ARLÉ & GUIMARÃES 1979, CASSAGNAU 1963, YOSHII 1988).
Trogolaphysa formosensis sp.nov.was collected in the Atlantic Forest, a forestry phytogeographic domain originally ranging from the northern Atlantic coast of Brazil, through Paraguay and northeastern Argentina; within Good's biogeographic zone 27 (GOOD 1974).All other species of Trogolaphysa seen in Brazil were also collected from this domain, but from the southeastern Region of the country (ARLÉ 1939, ARLÉ & GUIMARÃES 1979, CASSAGNAU 1963, YOSHII 1988).

Trogolaphysa formosensis sp. nov. (Collembola: Paronellidae) from Atlantic Forest, Northeast Region of Brazil Diego Dias da Silva 1 & Bruno Cavalcante Bellini 1,2,3
1 Programa de Pós-graduação em Sistemática e Evolução, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande doNorte.Campus Universitário Lagoa Nova, RN,.com 2 Departamento de Botânica, Ecologia e Zoologia, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte.59072-970 Natal, RN, Brazil.3 Corresponding author: E-mail: entobellini@gmail.comABSTRACT.Trogolaphysa formosensis sp. nv.(holotype male deposited in DBEZ from Brazil, state of Rio Grande do Norte State, municipality of Bani Formosa), a new springtail from the Atlantic Forest domain, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, is described and illustrated.This species is diagnosed by unique coloration pattern, presence of 8+8 eyes, reduced number of setae on metatrochanteral organ, unguiculi truncated and dorsal chaetotaxy.Trogolaphysa formosensis sp. nv. is the first species of the genus from Brazil with all eye lenses.All other Brazilian species present 0+0 or 2+2 eyes.It is also the first species of Trogolaphysa described from the Northeast Region of Brazil.KEY WORDS.Chaetotaxy; Paronellinae; soil fauna; springtail; taxonomy.