A new species of Cryptophion ( Hymenoptera : Ichneumonidae ) from southeastern Brazil

Cryptophion Viereck, 1913 is a small Neotropical genus of Campopleginae, with seven described species, two recorded from Brazil. In this paper, a new species from the Atlantic Forest of southeastern Brazil is described and illustrated. In addition, a key to the Brazilian species is provided. Cryptophion atlanticus sp. nov. (holotype female deposited in DCBU: Brazil, Sao Paulo, Sao Luiz do Paraitinga, Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar) is diagnosed by mesoscutum more or less uniformly punctate, except the notaular region with coarser and irregular rugae, scutellum bearing irregular lateral longitudinal rugae; forewing with areolet not distinctly petiolate above and hind tarsal claw pectinate, but with a large space in the middle, and distinctly longer than the arolium.

Ichneumonidae is the largest hymenopteran family, with more than 24,000 species described worldwide (Yu et al. 2012), though estimates suggest that this number exceeds 100,000 (Gauld 2002).For the most part, this contrast between estimated and recorded richness owes to unaccounted species in the Neotropical region, for which only about 4,000 species have been described so far (Yu et al. 2012), but many more are believed to exist.
Cryptophion Viereck, 1913 is a small Neotropical genus of Campopleginae with seven described species from Belize, Brazil, Costa Rica, Mexico, Paraguay and Venezuela (Gauld & Janzen 1994, Yu et al. 2012, OnOdY et al. 2013).The genus belongs to the Cryptophion genus-group, a large and very poorly studied complex of Campopleginae that comprises rather stout insects, with short ovipositors, well-developed mandibular flanges and also with a distinct ventral ridge that bears stout hairs on the hind basitarsus (Gauld & Janzen 1994).
Despite being focused on the Costa Rican fauna of Cryptophion, the research conducted by Gauld & Janzen (1994) was an important breakthrough in the taxonomic and biological knowledge of the genus.The authors described five new species, providing information about the hosts and phylogeny of the Costa Rican species.Their phylogeny also corroborated the monophyly of the genus with the following synapomorphies: a well-developed forwardly projecting flange near the lower edge of the propleuron; mesopleuron with a deep sternaular groove; propodeum short and deeply excavated longitudinally at the middle; hind legs very long and stout; metasomal tergite II dorsoventrally depressed and subquadrate; forewing with vein with 2m-cu joining M opposite or slightly distal to 3rs-m and antenna with flagellum bearing 45 or more segments, with the central flagellomeres subquadrate to transverse.Gauld & Janzen (1994) also identified specimens of C. espinozai Gauld & Janzen, 1994 in Lavras and Felixlândia, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil.On-OdY et al. ( 2013) presented geographic range extensions for this species and recorded Cryptophion guillermoi Gauld & Janzen, 1994 for the first time in Brazil.According to Gauld & Janzen (1994), Cryptophion species develop as koinobiont endoparasitoids of Sphingidae or Saturniidae (Lepidoptera) larvae.
In this paper, we describe a new species from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest and also provide a key to the species of the genus recorded from the country.

MATERIAL AND METHODS
The new species described in this study is based on material collected while working on the INCT/HYMPAR project.In an attempt to find additional specimens of the new species we searched the collections of the MZUSP (Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo) and UFES (Coleção Entomológica da Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo), but did not find any.
In addition to consulting the original descriptions of species (CressOn 1874, ViereCk 1913, Gauld & Janzen 1994), we examined type specimens and non-type specimens of Cryptophion species deposited in the INBio collection (Santo Domingo de Heredia, Costa Rica), except C. strandi Viereck, 1913.

TAXONOMY AND NOMENCLATURE
A new species of Cryptophion (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) from southeastern Brazil  km 235, 13565-905 São Carlos, SP, Brazil. E-mail: helenaonody@gmail.com;angelica@ufscar.br Images were obtained from a Leica M205C stereomicroscope attached to a Leica DFC 295 video camera.Images were combined using Leica LAS (Leica Application Suite V3.6.0) and the scanning electron microscope images from Quanta 250 Scanning Electron Microscope (FEI) in a low vacuum mode.
with distribution of the Brazilian species were obtained using QGIS (2015, version 2.2.0) software for all known occurrences data, including records from Gauld & Janzen (1994) and OnOdY et al. (2013).
The type material of the new species is deposited at the Departamento de Ecologia e Biologia Evolutiva da Universidade Federal de São Carlos (DCBU) and Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil (MZUSP).
Head and mesosoma black, except mouthparts yellow; tegula yellow anteriorly and blackish posteriorly.Anterior two pairs of legs predominantly yellow, femur and distal tarsal segment orange, mid coxa slightly infuscate.Hind leg with coxa black, trochanteral segments and femur reddish, blackish distally; tibia black at proximal and distal apices and centrally broadly yellow; tibial spurs and tarsus yellow with distal segment slightly orange.Metasoma with tergites I and II entirely black, segments III and IV anteriorly black, and the remaining reddish.Membrane wings more or less hyaline, with a very weak trace of blackness.
Male (Fig. 2).Similar to female except by hind leg with coxa almost entirely reddish, tibia all black with a thin yellow line, basitarsus black and the following tarsomeres black dorsally.
Distribution (Fig. 7).Remarks.The specimens of Cryptophion atlanticus sp.nov.match the diagnosis of the genus and can be distinguished from all other Cryptophion by the following combination of characters: mesoscutum more or less uniformly punctate, except the notaular region with coarser and irregular rugae, scutellum bearing irregular lateral longitudinal rugae; forewing with areolet not distinctly petiolate above and hind tarsal claw pectinate, but with a large space in the middle, distinctly longer than the arolium.It differs from the other two Brazilian species also by the hind tarsal claw simple, the presence of a distinct lateral longitudinal carina on scutellum, extending for about half of its length, and the white color of its pubescence in C. guillermoi

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
We are grateful to Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) (Proc.2012/158750) and the Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia dos Hymenoptera Parasitoi-  des da Região Sudeste Brasileira (FAPESP, Proc. 2008/57949-4;CNPq, Proc. 573802/2008-4) for the financial support.We also acknowledge the managers of Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar and Parque Estadual Intervales for allowing us to collect material, Luciana Bueno dos Reis Fernandes for providing the SEM images, and the reviewers and editor for critical reading and valuables comments on the manuscript.HCO also acknowledges Dr. Ronald Zuñiga for permitting the study of Cryptophion material during her visit to INBio (Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad, Costa Rica).

Figure 7 .
Figure 7. Distribution map for the Brazilian species of Cryptophion.